MHC class II DQB diversity in the Japanese black bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Yasukochi, Yoshiki ^a   Kurosaki, Toshifumi ^b   Yoneda, Masaaki ^b   Koike, Hiroko ^c   Satta, Yoko ^a  

^a GRADUATE UNIVERSITY FOR ADVANCED STUDIES   (Japan)

^b JAPAN WILDLIFE RESEARCH CENTER   (Japan)

^c KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Balancing selection; Conservation genetics; DQB; Genetic diversity; Japanese black bear; Major histocompatibility complex; Ursidae; Ursus thibetanus

Indexed keywords

BEAR; BIODIVERSITY; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ENDANGERED SPECIES; GENE; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOTYPE; HISTOLOGY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; PROTEIN; VERTEBRATE;

MAMMALIA; URSIDAE; URSUS AMERICANUS; URSUS THIBETANUS; VERTEBRATA;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; BEAR; DNA SEQUENCE; EXON; GENE; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; HAPLOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; IMMUNOLOGY; JAPAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; POPULATION GENETICS; STATISTICAL MODEL;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; BAYES THEOREM; EXONS; GENES, MHC CLASS II; GENETIC VARIATION; GENETICS, POPULATION; HAPLOTYPES; HETEROZYGOTE; JAPAN; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; PHYLOGENY; SELECTION, GENETIC; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; URSIDAE;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84870052850     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712148     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-230     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Japan Wildlife Research Center, Report on population status of Japanese bears in 1998 Japan Wildlife Research Center 1999 in Japanese
2. The origin of the last Asian black bear in Kyushu Island. Ohnishi N, Yasukochi Y, Mamm Sci 2010 50 177 180 in Japanese, with English summary
3. Records of recent bear witnesses in Kyushu Island, Japan. Kurihara T, Mamm Sci 2010 50 187 193 in Japanese, with English summary
4. Genetic status of fragmented populations of the Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus in western Japan. Saitoh T, Ishibashi Y, Kanamori H, Kitahara E, Popul Ecol 2001 43 221 227 10.1007/s10144-001-8186-4 (Pubitemid 34152440)
5. Phylogenetic relationships among fragmented Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) populations in western Japan. Ishibashi Y, Saitoh T, Conservat Genet 2004 5 311 323 (Pubitemid 38983079)
6. Low genetic diversities in isolated populations of the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan, in comparison with large stable populations. Ohnishi N, Saitoh T, Ishibashi Y, Oi T, Conservat Genet 2007 8 1331 1337 10.1007/s10592-006-9281-z (Pubitemid 350112515)
7. The influence of climatic oscillations during the Quaternary Era on the genetic structure of Asian black bears in Japan. Ohnishi N, Uno R, Ishibashi Y, Tamate HB, Oi T, Heredity 2009 102 579 589 10.1038/hdy.2009.28 19319151
8. Genetic structure of the Asiatic black bear in Japan using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Yasukochi Y, Nishida S, Han S-H, Kurosaki T, Yoneda M, Koike H, J Hered 2009 100 297 308 10.1093/jhered/esn097 18984857
9. Mass-intrusion-induced temporary shift in the genetic structure of an Asian black bear population. Ohnishi N, Yuasa T, Morimitsu Y, Oi T, Mamm Stud 2011 36 67 71 10.3106/041.036.0204
10. The present situation and issues for estimating population size and monitoring population trends of bears in Japan. Yoneda M, Mano T, Mamm Sci 2011 51 79 95 in Japanese, with English summary
11. Genetic Characterization of Northernmost Isolated Population of Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan. Yamamoto1 T, Oka T, Ohnishi N, Tanaka H, Takatsuto N, Okumura Y, Mamm Stud 2012 37 85 91 10.3106/041.037.0209
12. Assessment of genotyping accuracy in a non-invasive DNA-based population survey of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus): lessons from a large-scale pilot study in Iwate prefecture, northern Japan. Uno R, Kondo M, Yuasa T, Yamauchi K, Tsuruga H, Tamate HB, Yoneda M, Popul Ecol 2012 54 509 519 10.1007/s10144-012-0328-3
13. Ministry of the Environment, Threatened Wildlife of Japan-Red Data Book Japan Wildlife Research Center 2 Mammalia. 2002 1 in Japanese 22890486
14. The major histocompatibility complex and the quest for origins. Klein J, Takahata N, Immunol Rev 1990 113 5 25 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1990.tb00034.x 2180811 (Pubitemid 20076533)
15. Complete sequence and gene map of a human major histocompatibility complex. The MHC sequencing consortium. Man B, Nature 1999 401 921 923 10.1038/44853 10553908 (Pubitemid 29518961)
16. A phylogeny of the Caniformia (order Carnivora) based on 12 complete protein-coding mitochondrial genes. Delisle I, Strobeck C, Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005 37 192 201 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.025 15964215 (Pubitemid 41338039)
17. Phylogenetic utility of nuclear introns in interfamilial relationships of Caniformia (order Carnivora). Yu L, Luan PT, Jin W, Ryder OA, Chemnick LG, Davis HA, Zhang YP, Syst Biol 2011 60 175 187 10.1093/sysbio/syq090 21252386
18. Molecular genetic diversity and evolution at the MHC DQB locus in four species of pinnipeds. Hoelzel AR, Stephens JC, O'Brien SJ, Mol Biol Evol 1999 16 611 618 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026143 10335654 (Pubitemid 29215373)
19. Automated single-strand conformation polymorphism reveals low diversity of a Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II gene in the threatened New Zealand sea lion. Lento GM, Baker CS, David V, Yuhki N, Gales NJ, O'Brien SJ, Mol Ecol Notes 2003 3 346 349 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00445.x (Pubitemid 37078184)
20. Major histocompatibility complex variation at three class II loci in the northern elephant seal. Weber DS, Stewart BS, Schienman J, Lehman N, Mol Ecol 2004 13 711 718 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02095.x 14871373 (Pubitemid 38260951)
21. MHC class II DRB variability and parasite load in the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) in the Southern Kalahari. Froeschke G, Sommer S, Mol Biol Evol 2005 22 1254 1259 10.1093/molbev/msi112 15703235 (Pubitemid 40577763)
22. MHC screening for marsupial conservation: extremely low levels of class II diversity indicate population vulnerability for an endangered Australian marsupial. Smith S, Belov K, Hughes J, Conservat Genet 2009 11 269 278
23. Molecular characterization of expressed DQA and DQB genes in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Bowen L, Aldridge BM, Gulland F, Woo J, Van Bonn W, DeLong R, Stott JL, Johnson ML, Immunogenetics 2002 54 332 347 10.1007/s00251-002-0472-6 12185537 (Pubitemid 34983951)
24. Class II multiformity generated by variable MHC-DRB region configurations in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Bowen L, Aldridge BM, Gulland F, Van Bonn W, DeLong R, Melin S, Lowenstine LJ, Stott JL, Johnson ML, Immunogenetics 2004 56 12 27 10.1007/s00251-004-0655-4 14997355 (Pubitemid 38626418)
25. MHC gene copy number variation in Tasmanian devils: implications for the spread of a contagious cancer. Siddle HV, Marzec J, Cheng Y, Jones M, Belov K, Proc Biol Sci 2010 277 2001 2006 10.1098/rspb.2009.2362 20219742
26. New insights into the role of MHC diversity in devil facial tumour disease. Lane A, Cheng Y, Wright B, Hamede R, Levan L, Jones M, Ujvari B, Belov K, PLoS One 2012 7 36955 10.1371/journal.pone.0036955 22701561
27. Low MHC DRB class II diversity in the mountain goat: past bottlenecks and possible role of pathogens and parasites. Mainguy J, Worley K, Côté SD, Coltman DW, Conservat Genet 2007 8 885 891 10.1007/s10592-006-9243-5 (Pubitemid 47104533)
28. Assignment of the giant panda MHC class II gene cluster to chromosome 9q by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Zeng CJ, Yu JQ, Pan HJ, Wan QH, Fang SG, Cytogene Genome Res 2005 109 533
29. Giant panda BAC library construction and assembly of a 650-kb contig spanning major histocompatibility complex class II region. Zeng CJ, Pan HJ, Gong SB, Yu JQ, Wan QH, Fang SG, BMC Genom 2007 8 315 10.1186/1471-2164-8-315
30. Major histocompatibility complex class II variation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Wan QH, Zhu L, Wu H, Fang SG, Mol Ecol 2006 15 2441 2450 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02966.x 16842418 (Pubitemid 44050715)
31. Giant panda genomic data provide insight into the birth-and-death process of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Wan QH, Zeng CJ, Ni XW, Pan HJ, Fang SG, PLoS One 2009 4 11
32. Low major histocompatibility complex class II DQA diversity in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Zhu L, Ruan XD, Ge YF, Wan QH, Fang SG, BMC Genet 2007 8 29 17555583
33. Molecular characterization of major histocompatibility complex class I genes from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Pan HJ, Wan QH, Fang SG, Immunogenetics 2008 60 185 193 10.1007/s00251-008-0281-7 18292994
34. Natural selection coupled with intragenic recombination shapes diversity patterns in the major histocompatibility complex class II genes of the giant panda. Chen YY, Zhang YY, Zhang HM, Ge YF, Wan QH, Fang SG, J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2010 314 208 223 19950128
35. Genetic diversity of the MHC class-II DQA gene in brown bears (Ursus arctos) on Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Goda N, Mano T, Masuda R, Zoolog Sci 2009 26 530 535 10.2108/zsj.26.530 19719404
36. Allelic diversity of the MHC class II DRB genes in brown bears (Ursus arctos) and a comparison of DRB sequences within the family Ursidae. Goda N, Mano T, Kosintsev P, Vorobiev A, Masuda R, Tissue Antigens 2010 76 404 410 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01528.x 20630039
37. Evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II genes in the brown bear. Kuduk K, Babik W, Bojarska K, Sliwinska EB, Kindberg J, Taberlet P, Swenson JE, Radwan J, BMC Evol Biol 2012 12 197 10.1186/1471-2148- 12-197 23031405
38. High MHC diversity maintained by balancing selection in an otherwise genetically monomorphic mammal. Aguilar A, Roemer G, Debenham S, Binns M, Garcelon D, Wayne RK, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2004 101 3490 3494 10.1073/pnas.0306582101 14990802 (Pubitemid 38338222)
39. Identification of the expressed MHC class II DQB gene of the Asiatic black bear, Ursus thibetanus, in Japan. Yasukochi Y, Kurosaki T, Yoneda M, Koike H, Gene Genet Syst 2010 85 147 155 10.1266/ggs.85.147
40. Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Brown JH, Jardetzky TS, Gorga JC, Stern LJ, Urban RG, Strominger JL, Wiley DC, Nature 1993 364 33 39 10.1038/364033a0 8316295 (Pubitemid 23233452)
41. Antigenic peptide binding by class I and class II histocompatibility proteins. Stern LJ, Wiley DC, Structure 1994 2 245 251 10.1016/S0969-2126(00) 00026-5 8087551 (Pubitemid 2073189)
42. The local population division, conservation and management for the Asiatic black bear. Yoneda M, Landscape Stud 2001 64 314 317 in Japanese
43. Statistical tests for detecting gene conversion. Sawyer S, Mol Biol Evol 1989 6 526 538 2677599 (Pubitemid 19210235)
44. Balancing selection at HLA loci. Satta Y, The Proceedings of the 17th Taniguchi Symposium Science Society Press, Tokyo: Japan, Takahata N, 1992 111 131
45. RDP3: a flexible and fast computer program for analyzing recombination. Martin DP, Lemey P, Lott M, Moulton V, Posada D, Lefeuvre P, Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 2010 26 2462 2463 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq467
46. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Saitou N, Nei M, Mol Biol Evol 1987 4 406 425 3447015
47. Positive Darwinian selection after gene duplication in primate ribonuclease genes. Zhang J, Rosenberg HF, Nei M, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1998 95 3708 3713 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3708 9520431 (Pubitemid 28173193)
48. Codon-substitution models for heterogeneous selection pressure at amino acid sites. Yang Z, Nielsen R, Goldman N, Pedersen AM, Genetics 2000 155 431 449 10790415 (Pubitemid 30257141)
49. Bayes empirical Bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection. Yang Z, Wong WSW, Nielsen R, Mol Biol Evol 2005 22 1107 1118 10.1093/molbev/msi097 15689528 (Pubitemid 40471423)
50. PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Yang Z, Mol Biol Evol 2007 24 1586 1591 10.1093/molbev/msm088 17483113 (Pubitemid 47236688)
51. Estimating diversifying selection and functional constraint in the presence of recombination. Wilson DJ, McVean G, Genetics 2006 172 1411 1425 16387887
52. Li W, Molecular Evolution Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates 1997
53. Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Krause J, Unger T, Noçon A, Malaspinas AS, Kolokotronis SO, Stiller M, Soibelzon L, Spriggs H, Dear PH, Briggs AW, Bray SC, O'Brien SJ, Rabeder G, Matheus P, Cooper A, Slatkin M, Pääbo S, Hofreiter M, BMC Evol Biol 2008 8 220 10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 18662376
54. Deciphering the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of the extinct cave bear in the Paleolithic painted cave of Chauvet. Bon C, Caudy N, De Dieuleveult M, Fosse P, Philippe M, Maksud F, Beraud-Colomb É Bouzaid E, Kefi R, Laugier C, Rousseau B, Casane D, Van Der Plicht J, Elalouf JM, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2008 105 17447 17452 10.1073/pnas.0806143105 18955696
55. Origin of the Japanese land mammal fauna: allocation of extant species to historically-based categories. Dobson M, Kawamura Y, Quat Res 1998 37 385 395 10.4116/jaqua.37.385
56. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; Version 2012.8 [www.iucnredlist.org] 23363584
57. Frankham R, Ballou JD, Briscoe DA, Introduction to Conservation Genetics Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2002
58. Polymorphism and balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex loci. Takahata N, Satta Y, Klein J, Genetics 1992 130 925 938 1582567
59. Binding of a peptide antigen to multiple HLA alleles allows definition of an A2-like supertype. Del Guercio MF, Sidney J, Hermanson G, Perez C, Grey HM, Kubo RT, Sette A, J Immunol 1995 154 685 693 7529283
60. Several HLA alleles share overlapping peptide specificities. Sidney J, Del Guercio MF, Southwood S, Engelhard VH, Appella E, Rammensee HG, Falk K, Rötzschke O, Takiguchi M, Kubo RT, J Immunol 1995 154 247 259 7527812
61. Functional classification of class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules reveals seven different supertypes and a surprising degree of repertoire sharing across supertypes. Greenbaum J, Sidney J, Chung J, Brander C, Peters B, Sette A, Immunogenetics 2011 63 325 335 10.1007/s00251-011-0513-0 21305276
62. Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Hughes AL, Nei M, Nature 1988 335 167 170 10.1038/335167a0 3412472
63. Nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class II loci: evidence for overdominant selection. Hughes AL, Nei M, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1989 86 958 962 10.1073/pnas.86.3.958 2492668 (Pubitemid 19056271)
64. Allelic genealogy under overdominant and frequency-dependent selection and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex loci. Takahata N, Nei M, Genetics 1990 124 967 978 2323559 (Pubitemid 20146073)
65. A simple genealogical structure of strongly balanced allelic lines and trans-species evolution of polymorphism. Takahata N, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1990 87 2419 2423 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2419 2320564
66. Balancing selection at HLA loci. Satta Y, Mechanisms of molecular evolution Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Takahata N, Clark A, 1993 129 149
67. Disentangling the roles of natural selection and genetic drift in shaping variation at MHC immunity genes. Sutton JT, Nakagawa S, Robertson BC, Jamieson IG, Mol Ecol 2011 20 4408 20 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05292.x 21981032
68. MHC allele frequency distributions under parasite-driven selection: A simulation model. Ejsmond MJ, Babik W, Radwan J, BMC Evol Biol 2010 10 332 10.1186/1471-2148-10-332 20979635
69. Dynamics of Mhc evolution in birds and crocodilians: amplification of class II genes with degenerate primers. Edwards SV, Grahn M, Potts WK, Mol Ecol 1995 4 719 729 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00272.x 8564010 (Pubitemid 3012626)
70. Extensive polymorphism and geographical variation at a positively selected MHC class II B gene of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). Alcaide M, Edwards SV, Negro JJ, Serrano D, Tella JL, Mol Ecol 2008 17 2652 2665 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03791.x 18489548 (Pubitemid 351724950)
71. Sequence variation at the major histocompatibility complex locus DQ beta in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Murray BW, Malik S, White BN, Mol Biol Evol 1995 12 582 593 7659014
72. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S, Mol Biol Evol 2011 28 2731 2739 10.1093/molbev/msr121 21546353
73. The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. Jones D, Taylor W, Thornton J, Comput Appl Biosci 1992 8 275 282 1633570
74. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Guindon S, Dufayard J-F, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O, Syst Biol 2010 59 307 321 10.1093/sysbio/syq010 20525638
75. Neighbor-net: an agglomerative method for the construction of phylogenetic networks. Bryant D, Moulton V, Mol Biol Evol 2004 21 255 265 14660700 (Pubitemid 38314614)
76. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Huson DH, Bryant D, Mol Biol Evol 2006 23 254 267 16221896 (Pubitemid 43100040)
77. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, Bioinformatics 2003 19 1572 1574 10.1093/bioinformatics/ btg180 12912839 (Pubitemid 37038874)
78. Rambaut A, Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 1.3.1 2009
79. Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S, Evol Bioinformatics Online 2005 1 47 50
80. A statistical test for detecting geographic subdivision. Hudson RR, Boos DD, Kaplan NL, Mol Biol Evol 1992 9 138 151 1552836
81. DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Librado P, Rozas J, Bioinformatics 2009 25 1451 1452 10.1093/bioinformatics/ btp187 19346325
82. A standardized genetic differentiation measure. Hedrick PW, Evolution 2005 59 1633 1638 16329237 (Pubitemid 41266769)
83. GST and its relatives do not measure differentiation. Jost L, Mol Ecol 2008 17 4015 4026 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03887.x 19238703
84. SMOGD: Software for the Measurement of Genetic Diversity. Crawford NG, Mol Ecol Resour 2010 10 556 557 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02801.x 21565057
85. An analysis of the sequences of the variable regions of Bence Jones proteins and myeloma light chains and their implications for antibody complementarity. Wu TT, Kabat EA, J Exp Med 1970 132 211 250 10.1084/jem.132.2.211 5508247
86. Evolution of protein molecules. Jukes T, Cantor C, Mammalian protein metabolism New York: Academic Press, Munro H, 1969 21 132
87. Likelihood models for detecting positively selected amino acid sites and applications to the HIV-1 envelope gene. Nielsen R, Yang Z, Genetics 1998 148 929 936 9539414 (Pubitemid 28169008)
88. The importance of immune gene variability (MHC) in evolutionary ecology and conservation. Sommer S, Front Zool 2005 2 16 10.1186/1742-9994-2-16 16242022 (Pubitemid 41634148)
89. Intensity of natural selection at the major histocompatibility complex loci. Satta Y, O'hUigin C, Takahata N, Klein J, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1994 91 7184 7188 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7184 8041766 (Pubitemid 24226827)
90. Nishida S, Tachi T, Baba Y, Hayashi K, Kawanami N, Koike H, DNA analysis of the Asiatic black bear in the Tohoku region using hair-trap samples. Report on model project of networking maintenance for habitat of wildlife Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo: Japan 2002 (in Japanese)
91. Spatial and temporal patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic variation in the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Marsden CD, Woodroffe R, Mills MGL, McNutt JW, Creel S, Groom R, Emmanuel M, Cleaveland S, Kat P, Rasmussen GS, Ginsberg J, Lines R, André JM, Begg C, Wayne RK, Mable BK, Mol Ecol 2012 21 1379 1393 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05477.x 22320891
92. Cheetah paradigm revisited: MHC diversity in the world's largest free-ranging population. Castro-Prieto A, Wachter B, Sommer S, Mol Biol Evol 2011 28 1455 1468 10.1093/molbev/msq330 21183613
93. MHC class II variation in the endangered European mink Mustela lutreola (L. 1761)-consequences for species conservation. Becker L, Nieberg C, Jahreis K, Peters E, Immunogenetics 2009 61 281 288 10.1007/s00251-009-0362-2 19263000
94. Allelic diversity at MHC class II DQ loci in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): evidence for duplication. Niranjan SK, Deb SM, Kumar S, Mitra A, Sharma A, Sakaram D, Naskar S, Sharma D, Sharma SR, Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010 138 206 212 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.07.014 20724005
95. Polymorphism and gene organization of water buffalo MHC-DQB genes show homology to the BoLA DQB region. Sena L, Schneider MPC, Brenig BB, Honeycutt RL, Honeycutt D, Womack JE, Skow LC, Anim Genet 2011 42 378 385 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02157.x 21749420
96. Sequence and diversity of MHC DQA and DQB genes of the owl monkey Aotus nancymaae. Diaz D, Naegeli M, Rodriguez R, Nino-Vasquez JJ, Moreno A, Patarroyo ME, Pluschke G, Daubenberger CA, Immunogenetics 2000 51 528 537 10.1007/s002510000189 10912504 (Pubitemid 30394460)
97. MHC diversity and the association to nematode parasitism in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). Meyer-Lucht Y, Sommer S, Mol Ecol 2005 14 2233 2243 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02557.x 15910340 (Pubitemid 40772435)