Study on mechanism of phosphorus-silicon synergistic flame retardancy on epoxy resins

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Volumn 97, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 2241-2248

  Zhang, Wenchao ^a   Li, Xiangmei ^a   Fan, Haibo ^a   Yang, Rongjie ^a  

^a BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

Blowing out effect; Condensed phase; Epoxy resin; Flame retardancy mechanism; Phosphorus silicon synergy

Indexed keywords

EPOXY RESINS; PHOSPHORUS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY;

CHAR RESIDUES; CONDENSED PHASE; CONE CALORIMETER; FIRE BEHAVIOR; FLAME RETARDANCY; FLAME-RETARDED; SILSESQUIOXANES; SYNERGISTIC FLAME RETARDANCY;

COMBUSTION;

EID: 84869230003     PISSN: 01413910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Wang X, Hu Y, Song L, Xing WY, Lu HD, Lv P, et al. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of epoxy resin composites based on a DOPO substituted organophosphorus oligomer. Polymer 2010;51:2435-45.
2. Liu HZ, Zheng SX, Nie KM. Morphology and thermomechanical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid composites involving epoxy resin and an incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Macromolecules 2005;38:5088-97.
3. Brus J, Urbanová M, Strachota A. Epoxy networks reinforced with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane: structure and segmental dynamics as studied by solid-state NMR. Macromolecules 2008;41:372-86.
4. Liu R, Wang XD. Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties and flame retardancy of a novel nonflammable phosphazene-based epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2009;94:617-24.
5. Wang J-S, Liu Y, Zhao H-B, Liu J, Wang D-Y, Song Y-P, et al. Metal compoundenhanced flame retardancy of intumescent epoxy resins containing ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 2009;94:625-31.
6. Su C-H, Chiu Y-P, Teng C-C, Chiang C-L. Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of organic-inorganic composites involving epoxy and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). J Polym Res 2010;17:673-81.
7. Vannier A, Duquesne S, Bourbigot S, Castrovinci A, Camino G, Delobel R. The use of POSS as synergist in intumescent recycle poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 2008;93:818-26.
8. Liu HZ, Zhang WA, Zheng SX. Montmorillonite intercalated by ammonium of octaaminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and its nanocomposites with epoxy resin. Polymer 2005;46:157-65.
9. Baney RH, Itoh M, Sakakibara A, Suzuki T. Silsesquioxanes. Chem Rev 1995;95: 1409-30.
10. Schartel B, Braun U, Balabanovich AI, Artner J, Ciesielski M, Döring M, et al. Pyrolysis and fire behavior of epoxy systems containing a novel 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener. Eur Polym J 2008;44:704-15.
11. Artner J, Ciesielski M, Walter O, Döring M, Perez RM, Sandler JKW, et al. A novel DOPO-based diamine as hardener and flame retardant for epoxy resin systems. Macromol Mater Eng 2008;293:503-14.
12. Wang CS, Shieh JY. Synthesis and properties of epoxy resins containing 2-(6-oxid-6H-dibenz[c, e][1, 2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)1, 4-benzenediol. Polymer 1998; 39:5819-26.
13. Wang CS, Lin CH. Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing epoxy resins by novel method. J Polym Sci Part A-Polym Chem 1999;37:3903-9.
14. Liu YL. Flame-retardant epoxy resins from novel phosphorus-containing novolac. Polymer 2001;42:3445-54.
15. Liu WS, Wang ZG, Xiong L, Zhao LN. Phosphorus-containing liquid cycloaliphatic epoxy resins for reworkable environment-friendly electronic packaging materials. Polymer 2010;51:4776-83.
16. Ciesielski M, Schaefer A, Doering M. Novel efficient DOPO-based flameretardants for PWB relevant epoxy resins with high glass transition temperatures. Polym Adv Technol 2008;19:507-15.
17. Wang X, Hu Y, Song L, Xing WY, Lu HD. Thermal degradation behaviors of epoxy resin/POSS hybrids and phosphorus-silicon synergism of flame retardancy. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 2010;48:693-705.
18. Perret B, Schartel B, Stoss K, Ciesielski M, Diederichs J, Doring M, et al. Novel DOPO-based flame retardants in high-performance carbon fibre epoxy composites for aviation. Eur Polym J 2011;47:1081-9.
19. Lin HT, Lin CH, Hu YM, Su WC. An approach to develop high-Tg epoxy resins for halogen-free copper clad laminates. Polymer 2009;50:5685-92.
20. Schartel B, Balabanovich AI, Braun U, Knoll U, Artner J, Ciesielski M, et al. Pyrolysis of epoxy resins and fire behavior of epoxy resin composites flameretarded with 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide additives. J Appl Polym Sci 2007;104:2260-9.
21. Brehme S, Schartel B, Goebbels J, Fischer O, Pospiech D, Bykov Y, et al. Phosphorus polyester versus aluminium phosphinate in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT): flame retardancy performance and mechanisms. Polym Degrad Stab 2011;96:875-84.
22. Zhang WC, Yang RJ. Synthesis of phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes via hydrolytic condensation of a modified silane. J Appl Polym Sci 2011;122:3383-9.
23. Zhang WC, Li XM, Yang RJ. Novel flame retardancy effects of DOPO-POSS on epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2011;96:2167-73.
24. Wang ZF, Liu WQ, Hu CH, Ma SQ. Study on the modification of epoxy resin by a phosphorus-and silica-containing hybrid. J Appl Polym Sci 2011;121: 2213-9.
25. Spontón M, Mercado LA, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V. Preparation, thermal properties and flame retardancy of phosphorus-and silicon-containing epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2008;93:2025-31.
26. Li J, Zhu HF, Li J, Fan XY, Tian XY. Thermal degradation behaviors of phosphorus-silicon synergistic flame-retardant copolyester. J Appl Polym Sci 2011;122:1993-2003.
27. Karrasch A, Wawrzyn E, Schartel B, Jäger C. Solid-state NMR on thermal and fire residues of bisphenol A polycarbonate/silicone acrylate rubber/bisphenol A bis(diphenyl-phosphate) (PC/SiR/BDP) and PC/SiR/BDP/zinc borate (PC/SiR/ BDP/ZnB) -part II: the influence of SiR. Polym Degrad Stab 2010;95:2534-40.
28. Yu D, Kleemeier M, Wu GM, Schartel B, Liu WQ, Hartwig A. Phosphorus and silicon containing low-melting organic-inorganic glasses improve flame retardancy of epoxy/clay composites. Macromol Mater Eng 2011;296:952-64.
29. Wawrzyn E, Schartel B, Seefeldt H, Karrasch A, Jäger C. What reacts with what in bisphenol A polycarbonate/silicon rubber/bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) during pyrolysis and fire behavior? Ind Eng Chem Res 2012;51: 1244-55.
30. Li LM, Li XM, Yang RJ. Mechanical, thermal properties, and flame retardancy of PC/ultrafine octaphenyl-POSS composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011, doi:10. 1002/app.35443.
31. Fan HB, Yang RJ, Li DH. Synthesis improvement and characterization of polyhedral oligomeric octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane. Acta Chim Sinica 2012;70:429-35.
32. Jiang YY, Li XM, Yang RJ. Polycarbonate composites flame-retarded by polyphenylsilsesquioxane of ladder structure. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011, doi:10.1002/ app.35428.
33. Spontón M, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V. Cone calorimetry studies of benzoxazine-epoxy systems flame retarded by chemically bonded phosphorus or silicon. Polym Degrad Stab 2009;94:102-6.
34. Gilman JW, Kashiwagi T. Nanocomposites: a revolutionary new flame retardant approach. SAMPE J 1997;33:40-6.
35. Wang JS, Wang DY, Liu Y, Ge XG, Wang YZ. Polyamide-enhanced flame retardancy of ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2008;108:2644-53.
36. Bourbigot S, Bras ML, Delobel R, Gengembre L. XPS study of an intumescent coating II. Application to the ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/ ethylenic terpolymer fire retardant system with and without synergistic agent. Appl Surf Sci 1997;120:15-29.
37. Zhu BZ. Phosphosiloxane resins, and curable silicone compositions, freestanding films, and laminates comprising the phosphosiloxane resins. Patent. WO 2012027337A1; 2012.
38. Huang YW, Ma JJ, Cao K, Yang JX. Silicon-containing bis-spirocyclic pentaerythritol diphosphonate for flame retardant and its preparation method. Patent. CN 102344583A; 2012.
39. Song L, He QL, Hu Y, Chen H, Liu L. Study on thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of PC/POSS hybrids. Polym Degrad Stab 2008;93: 627-39.
40. Alexander MR, Short RD, Jones FR, Michaeli W, Blomfield CJ. A study of HMDSO/O2 plasma deposits using a high-sensitivity and -energy resolution XPS instrument: curve fitting of the Si 2p core level. Appl Surf Sci 1999;137: 179-83.