Respiratory Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution: An Update

Clinics in Chest Medicine

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 759-769

  Sava, Francesco ^a,b   Carlsten, Chris ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b VANCOUVER GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Asthma; COPD; Environment; Gene; Lung cancer; Respiratory health

Indexed keywords

GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE M1; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE P1; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE T1; HEME OXYGENASE 1; NITROGEN OXIDE; OZONE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; AIR POLLUTION; AMBIENT AIR; ASTHMA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EPIGENETICS; EXHAUST GAS; GENE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE M1 GENE; GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE P1 GENE; GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE T1 GENE; HEME OXYGENASE 1 GENE; HUMAN; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NAD(P)H:QUININE OXIDOREDUCTASE GENE; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2 GENE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4 GENE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1 GENE;

AIR POLLUTION; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; PARTICULATE MATTER; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84869229883     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: 15578216     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.07.003     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Vedal S. Update on the health effects of outdoor air pollution. Clin Chest Med 2002, 23:763-775. vi.
2. Laumbach R.J. Outdoor air pollutants and patient health. Am Fam Physician 2010, 81:175-180.
3. Laumbach R.J., Kipen H.M. Respiratory health effects of air pollution: update on biomass smoke and traffic pollution. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012, 129:3-11. [Quiz: 2-3].
4. Ruckerl R., Schneider A., Breitner S., et al. Health effects of particulate air pollution: a review of epidemiological evidence. Inhal Toxicol 2011, 23:555-592.
5. Braback L., Forsberg B. Does traffic exhaust contribute to the development of asthma and allergic sensitization in children: findings from recent cohort studies. Environ Health 2009, 8:17.
6. Brook R.D., Rajagopalan S., Pope C.A., et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010, 121:2331-2378.
7. Katsouyanni K., Samet J.M., Anderson H.R., et al. Air pollution and health: a European and North American approach (APHENA). Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2009, 5-90.
8. Samoli E., Peng R., Ramsay T., et al. Acute effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Europe and North America: results from the APHENA study. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:1480-1486.
9. Dominici F., Peng R.D., Bell M.L., et al. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 2006, 295:1127-1134.
10. Halonen J.I., Lanki T., Yli-Tuomi T., et al. Urban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits. Thorax 2008, 63:635-641.
11. Rabinovitch N., Silveira L., Gelfand E.W., et al. The response of children with asthma to ambient particulate is modified by tobacco smoke exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 184:1350-1357.
12. Iskandar A., Andersen Z.J., Bonnelykke K., et al. Coarse and fine particles but not ultrafine particles in urban air trigger hospital admission for asthma in children. Thorax 2012, 67:252-257.
13. Yeatts K., Svendsen E., Creason J., et al. Coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) affects heart rate variability, blood lipids, and circulating eosinophils in adults with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:709-714.
14. Dockery D.W., Pope C.A., Xu X., et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:1753-1759.
15. Samet J.M., Dominici F., Zeger S.L., et al. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part I: methods and methodologic issues. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2000, 5-14. [discussion: 75-84].
16. Samet J.M., Zeger S.L., Dominici F., et al. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part II: morbidity and mortality from air pollution in the United States. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2000, 94:5-70. [discussion: 1-9].
17. Daniels M.J., Dominici F., Zeger S.L., et al. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part III: PM10 concentration-response curves and thresholds for the 20 largest US cities. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2004, 1-21. [discussion: 3-30].
18. Cancer Prevention Study II. The American Cancer Society Prospective Study. Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co 1992, 73:21-29.
19. Katsouyanni K., Zmirou D., Spix C., et al. Short-term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiological time-series data. The APHEA project: background, objectives, design. Eur Respir J 1995, 8:1030-1038.
20. Krewski D., Burnett R.T., Goldberg M., et al. Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study, part I: validation and replication. Inhal Toxicol 2005, 17:335-342.
21. Krewski D., Burnett R.T., Goldberg M., et al. Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study, part II: sensitivity analysis. Inhal Toxicol 2005, 17:343-353.
22. Hart J.E., Garshick E., Dockery D.W., et al. Long-term ambient multipollutant exposures and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 183:73-78.
23. Samet J.M. The Clean Air Act and health-a clearer view from 2011. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:198-201.
24. Huang Y.C., Brook R.D. The Clean Air Act: science, policy, and politics. Chest 2011, 140:1-2.
25. Laden F., Schwartz J., Speizer F.E., et al. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006, 173:667-672.
26. Pope C.A., Ezzati M., Dockery D.W. Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:376-386.
27. Pope C.A., Burnett R.T., Turner M.C., et al. Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality associated with ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure-response relationships. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:1616-1621.
28. Peters J.M., Avol E., Navidi W., et al. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159:760-767.
29. Peters J.M., Avol E., Gauderman W.J., et al. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. II. Effects on pulmonary function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159:768-775.
30. Gauderman W.J., Avol E., Gilliland F., et al. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:1057-1067.
31. Ackermann-Liebrich U., Leuenberger P., Schwartz J., et al. Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) team. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 155:122-129.
32. Downs S.H., Schindler C., Liu L.J., et al. Reduced exposure to PM10 and attenuated age-related decline in lung function. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:2338-2347.
33. Brunekreef B., Smit J., de Jongste J., et al. The prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study: design and first results. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002, 15(Suppl 13):55-60.
34. Gehring U., Wijga A.H., Brauer M., et al. Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 181:596-603.
35. Jerrett M., Shankardass K., Berhane K., et al. Traffic-related air pollution and asthma onset in children: a prospective cohort study with individual exposure measurement. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116:1433-1438.
36. Carlsten C., Dybuncio A., Becker A., et al. Traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in a high-risk birth cohort. Occup Environ Med 2011, 68:291-295.
37. Brauer M., Hoek G., Smit H.A., et al. Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort. Eur Respir J 2007, 29:879-888.
38. Clark N.A., Demers P.A., Karr C.J., et al. Effect of early life exposure to air pollution on development of childhood asthma. Environ Health Perspect 2010, 118:284-290.
39. Karr C.J., Demers P.A., Koehoorn M.W., et al. Influence of ambient air pollutant sources on clinical encounters for infant bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009, 180:995-1001.
40. Modig L., Jarvholm B., Ronnmark E., et al. Vehicle exhaust exposure in an incident case-control study of adult asthma. Eur Respir J 2006, 28:75-81.
41. Lindgren A., Bjork J., Stroh E., et al. Adult asthma and traffic exposure at residential address, workplace address, and self-reported daily time outdoor in traffic: a two-stage case-control study. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:716.
42. Kunzli N., Bridevaux P.O., Liu L.J., et al. Traffic-related air pollution correlates with adult-onset asthma among never-smokers. Thorax 2009, 64:664-670.
43. Andersen Z.J., Bonnelykke K., Hvidberg M., et al. Long-term exposure to air pollution and asthma hospitalisations in older adults: a cohort study. Thorax 2012, 67:6-11.
44. Tjonneland A., Olsen A., Boll K., et al. Study design, exposure variables, and socioeconomic determinants of participation in Diet, Cancer and Health: a population-based prospective cohort study of 57,053 men and women in Denmark. Scand J Public Health 2007, 35:432-441.
45. Andersen Z.J., Hvidberg M., Jensen S.S., et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 183:455-461.
46. Eisner M.D., Anthonisen N., Coultas D., et al. An official American Thoracic Society public policy statement: novel risk factors and the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 182:693-718.
47. Pope C.A., Burnett R.T., Thun M.J., et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 2002, 287:1132-1141.
48. Turner M.C., Krewski D., Pope C.A., et al. Long-term ambient fine particulate matter air pollution and lung cancer in a large cohort of never-smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011, 184:1374-1381.
49. Raaschou-Nielsen O., Andersen Z.J., Hvidberg M., et al. Lung cancer incidence and long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:860-865.
50. Banauch G.I., Hall C., Weiden M., et al. Pulmonary function after exposure to the World Trade Center collapse in the New York City Fire Department. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006, 174:312-319.
51. Herbert R., Moline J., Skloot G., et al. The World Trade Center disaster and the health of workers: five-year assessment of a unique medical screening program. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:1853-1858.
52. Lioy P.J., Weisel C.P., Millette J.R., et al. Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001. Environ Health Perspect 2002, 110:703-714.
53. Jerrett M., Burnett R.T., Pope C.A., et al. Long-term ozone exposure and mortality. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1085-1095.
54. Tager I.B., Balmes J., Lurmann F., et al. Chronic exposure to ambient ozone and lung function in young adults. Epidemiology 2005, 16:751-759.
55. Luginaah I.N., Fung K.Y., Gorey K.M., et al. Association of ambient air pollution with respiratory hospitalization in a government-designated "area of concern": the case of Windsor, Ontario. Environ Health Perspect 2005, 113:290-296.
56. Samoli E., Aga E., Touloumi G., et al. Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project. Eur Respir J 2006, 27:1129-1138.
57. O'Connor G.T., Neas L., Vaughn B., et al. Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 121:1133-1139.e1.
58. Rosenlund M., Forastiere F., Porta D., et al. Traffic-related air pollution in relation to respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitisation and lung function in schoolchildren. Thorax 2009, 64:573-580.
59. McConnell R., Berhane K., Molitor J., et al. Dog ownership enhances symptomatic responses to air pollution in children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:1910-1915.
60. McCreanor J., Cullinan P., Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., et al. Respiratory effects of exposure to diesel traffic in persons with asthma. N Engl J Med 2007, 357:2348-2358.
61. Nordenhall C., Pourazar J., Ledin M.C., et al. Diesel exhaust enhances airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 2001, 17:909-915.
62. Behndig A.F., Larsson N., Brown J.L., et al. Proinflammatory doses of diesel exhaust in healthy subjects fail to elicit equivalent or augmented airway inflammation in subjects with asthma. Thorax 2011, 66:12-19.
63. Stenfors N., Nordenhall C., Salvi S.S., et al. Different airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic and healthy humans exposed to diesel. Eur Respir J 2004, 23:82-86.
64. Devlin R.B., McDonnell W.F., Mann R., et al. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991, 4:72-81.
65. Horstman D.H., Folinsbee L.J., Ives P.J., et al. Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6.6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990, 142:1158-1163.
66. Kinney P.L., Nilsen D.M., Lippmann M., et al. Biomarkers of lung inflammation in recreational joggers exposed to ozone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 154:1430-1435.
67. Mudway I.S., Kelly F.J. An investigation of inhaled ozone dose and the magnitude of airway inflammation in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 169:1089-1095.
68. Arjomandi M., Witten A., Abbritti E., et al. Repeated exposure to ozone increases alveolar macrophage recruitment into asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 172:427-432.
69. Jaspers I., Sheridan P.A., Zhang W., et al. Exacerbation of allergic inflammation in mice exposed to diesel exhaust particles prior to viral infection. Part Fibre Toxicol 2009, 6:22.
70. McDonald J.D., Campen M.J., Harrod K.S., et al. Engine-operating load influences diesel exhaust composition and cardiopulmonary and immune responses. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:1136-1141.
71. Bleck B., Tse D.B., Curotto de Lafaille M.A., et al. Diesel exhaust particle-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells induce dendritic cell maturation and polarization via thymic stromal lymphopoietin. J Clin Immunol 2008, 28:147-156.
72. Bleck B., Tse D.B., Jaspers I., et al. Diesel exhaust particle-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells induce dendritic cell maturation. J Immunol 2006, 176:7431-7437.
73. Finkelman F.D., Yang M., Orekhova T., et al. Diesel exhaust particles suppress in vivo IFN-gamma production by inhibiting cytokine effects on NK and NKT cells. J Immunol 2004, 172:3808-3813.
74. Factor P., Akhmedov A.T., McDonald J.D., et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons impair function of beta2-adrenergic receptors in airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011, 45:1045-1049.
75. McDonnell W.F., Horstman D.H., Abdul-Salaam S., et al. Reproducibility of individual responses to ozone exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985, 131:36-40.
76. Holz O., Jorres R.A., Timm P., et al. Ozone-induced airway inflammatory changes differ between individuals and are reproducible. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159:776-784.
77. McDonnell W.F. Individual variability in human lung function responses to ozone exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1996, 2:171-175.
78. Minelli C., Wei I., Sagoo G., et al. Interactive effects of antioxidant genes and air pollution on respiratory function and airway disease: a HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol 2011, 173:603-620.
79. Li N., Hao M., Phalen R.F., et al. Particulate air pollutants and asthma. A paradigm for the role of oxidative stress in PM-induced adverse health effects. Clin Immunol 2003, 109:250-265.
80. Gilliland F.D., Li Y.F., Saxon A., et al. Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Lancet 2004, 363:119-125.
81. Curjuric I., Imboden M., Schindler C., et al. HMOX1 and GST variants modify attenuation of FEF25-75% decline due to PM10 reduction. Eur Respir J 2010, 35:505-514.
82. Schroer K.T., Biagini Myers J.M., Ryan P.H., et al. Associations between multiple environmental exposures and Glutathione S-Transferase P1 on persistent wheezing in a birth cohort. J Pediatr 2009, 154:401-408. 408.e1.
83. Castro-Giner F., Kunzli N., Jacquemin B., et al. Traffic-related air pollution, oxidative stress genes, and asthma (ECHRS). Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1919-1924.
84. Romieu I., Ramirez-Aguilar M., Sienra-Monge J.J., et al. GSTM1 and GSTP1 and respiratory health in asthmatic children exposed to ozone. Eur Respir J 2006, 28:953-959.
85. Carlsten C., Dybuncio A., Becker A., et al. GSTP1 polymorphism modifies risk for incident asthma associated with nitrogen dioxide in a high-risk birth cohort. Occup Environ Med 2011, 68:308.
86. Becker S., Mundandhara S., Devlin R.B., et al. Regulation of cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in response to ambient air pollution particles: further mechanistic studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005, 207:269-275.
87. Becker S., Fenton M.J., Soukup J.M. Involvement of microbial components and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cytokine responses to air pollution particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002, 27:611-618.
88. Kerkhof M., Postma D.S., Brunekreef B., et al. Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 genes influence susceptibility to adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution on childhood asthma. Thorax 2010, 65:690-697.
89. Salam M.T., Gauderman W.J., McConnell R., et al. Transforming growth factor- 1 C-509T polymorphism, oxidant stress, and early-onset childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007, 176:1192-1199.
90. Baccarelli A., Wright R.O., Bollati V., et al. Rapid DNA methylation changes after exposure to traffic particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009, 179:572-578.
91. Madrigano J., Baccarelli A., Mittleman M.A., et al. Prolonged exposure to particulate pollution, genes associated with glutathione pathways, and DNA methylation in a cohort of older men. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:977-982.
92. Ji H., Khurana Hershey G.K. Genetic and epigenetic influence on the response to environmental particulate matter. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012, 129:33-41.
93. Tarantini L., Bonzini M., Apostoli P., et al. Effects of particulate matter on genomic DNA methylation content and iNOS promoter methylation. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:217-222.
94. Soberanes S., Gonzalez A., Urich D., et al. Particulate matter air pollution induces hypermethylation of the p16 promoter via a mitochondrial ROS-JNK-DNMT1 pathway. Sci Rep 2012, 2:275.
95. Jardim M.J., Fry R.C., Jaspers I., et al. Disruption of microRNA expression in human airway cells by diesel exhaust particles is linked to tumorigenesis-associated pathways. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1745-1751.
96. Gilliland F.D. Outdoor air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and asthma management: opportunities for intervention to reduce the burden of asthma. Pediatrics 2009, 123(Suppl 3):S168-S173.
97. Tashakkor A.Y., Chow K.S., Carlsten C. Modification by antioxidant supplementation of changes in human lung function associated with air pollutant exposure: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:532.
98. Giles L.V., Barn P., Kunzli N., et al. From good intentions to proven interventions: effectiveness of actions to reduce the health impacts of air pollution. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:29-36.
99. Sublett J.L. Effectiveness of air filters and air cleaners in allergic respiratory diseases: a review of the recent literature. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2011, 11:395-402.
100. Zuurbier M., Hoek G., Oldenwening M., et al. In-traffic air pollution exposure and CC16, blood coagulation, and inflammation markers in healthy adults. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:1384-1389.
101. Balmes J., Pinkerton K. Clearing the air. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012, 185:1-2.
102. Brunekreef B., Annesi-Maesano I., Ayres J.G., et al. Ten principles for clean air. Eur Respir J 2012, 39:525-528.