Update on the health effects of outdoor air pollution

Clinics in Chest Medicine

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 763-775

  Vedal, Sverre ^a  

^a NATIONAL JEWISH MEDICAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; OZONE;

AIR POLLUTION; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; CITY; EXHAUST GAS; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; OBSERVATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TOXICOLOGY; VALIDATION PROCESS;

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; ANIMALS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

EID: 0036951632     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0272-5231(02)00028-X     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Samet JM. Air pollution and epidemiology: "Déjà vu all over again?" Epidemiol 2002;13:118-9.
2. Holgate ST, Samet JM, Koren HS, et al, editors. Air pollution and health. London: Academic Press; 1999.
3. Bascom R, Bromberg PA, Costa DA, et al. Health effects of outdoor air pollution: State of the art (part 1). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:3-50.
4. Bascom R, Bromberg PA, Costa DA, et al. Health effects of outdoor air pollution: State of the art (part 2). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:477-98.
5. Gong Jr H. Health effects of air pollution: A review of clinical studies. Clin Chest Med 1992;13:201-14.
6. Sioutas C, Koutrakis P, Ferguson ST. Development and evaluation of a prototype ambient particle concentrator for inhalation exposure studies. Inhal Toxicol 1995;7:633-44.
7. Koenig JQ, Covert DS, Larson TV, et al. The effect of duration of exposure on sulfuric acid-induced pulmonary function changes in asthmatic adolescent subjects: A dose-response study. Toxicol Industr Health 1992;8:285-96.
8. Salvi S, Blomberg A, Rudell B, et al. Acute inflammatory responses in the airways and peripheral blood after short-term exposure to diesel exhaust in healthy human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:702-9.
9. Ghio AJ, Silbajoris R, Carson JL, Samet JM. Biologic effects of oil fly ash. Environ Health Perspect Suppl 2002;110:89-102.
10. Samet JM, Zeger SL, Dominici F, et al. The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study. Part 11: Morbidity and Mortality from Air Pollution in the United States. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #94 (Pt 2); June 2000.
11. Avol EL, Gauderman WJ, Tan SM, et al. Respiratory effects of relocation to areas of differing air pollution levels. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2067-72.
12. Maclure M. The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:144-53.
13. Navidi W, Weinhandl E. Risk set sampling for case-crossover designs. Epidemiol 2002;13:100-5.
14. Bates DV. Health indices of the adverse effects of air pollution: The question of coherence. Environ Res 1992;59:336-49.
15. Ostro B. The association of air pollution and mortality: Examining the case for inference. Arch Environ Health 1993;48:336-42.
16. Dominici F, Daniels M, Zeger SL, et al. Air pollution and mortality: Estimating regional and national doseresponse relationships. J Am Stat Assoc 2002;97:100-11.
17. Brauer MB, Brunn J, Vedal S, et al. Exposure misclassification and threshold concentrations in time series analyses of air pollution health effects. Risk Anal 2002;22:1183-93.
18. Vedal S. Health effects of ambient particles: Lines that divide. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1997;47:551-81.
19. Peters A, Doting A, Wichmann HE, et al. Increased plasma viscosity during an air pollution episode: A link to mortality? Lancet 1997;349:1582-7.
20. Seaton A, Soutar A, Crawford V, et al. Particulate air pollution and the blood. Thorax 1999;54:1027-34.
21. Pope III CA, Verrier RL, Lovett EG, et al. Heart rate variability associated with particulate air pollution. Am Heart J 1999;138:890-9.
22. Pope III CA, Hill RW, Villegas GM. Particulate air pollution and daily mortality on Utah's Wasatch Front. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:567-73.
23. Gold DR, Litonjua A, Schwartz J, et al. Ambient pollution and heart rate variability. Circulation 2000;101:1267-73.
24. Liao D, Creason J, Shy C, et al. Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in the elderly. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:521-5.
25. Creason J, Neas L, Walsh D, et al. Particulate matter and heart rate variability among elderly retirees: The Baltimore 1998 PM study. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001;11:116-22.
26. Peters A, Liu E, Verrier RL, et al. Air pollution and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Epidemiol 2000;11:11-7.
27. Peters A, Dockery DW, Muller JE, et al. Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2001;103:2810-5.
28. Neas LM, Schwartz J, Dockery D. A case-crossover analysis of air pollution and mortality in Philadelphia. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:629-31.
29. Lee JT, Schwartz J. Reanalysis of the effects of air pollution on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea: A case-crossover design. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:633-6.
30. Sunyer J, Schwartz J, Tobias A, et al. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk of death associated with urban particle air pollution: A case-crossover analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:50-6.
31. Levy D, Sheppard L, Checkoway H, et al. A case-crossover analysis of particulate matter air pollution and out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest. Epidemiol 2001;12:193-9.
32. 10 pollution in Utah, Salt Lake, and Cache Valleys. Arch Environ Health 1991;46:90-7.
33. 10 on hospital admissions for heart and lung disease. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:43-9.
34. Schwartz J, Dockery DW. Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:600-4.
35. Goldberg M, Bailar III JC, Burnett RT, et al. Identifying Subgroups of the General Population that may be Susceptible to Short-Term Increases in Particulate Air Pollution: A Time-Series Study in Montreal, Quebec, Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #9, October 2000.
36. Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Are diabetics more susceptible to the health effects of airborne particles? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:831-3.
37. Dockery DW, Pope III CA, Xu X, et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1753-9.
38. Pope CA, Thun MJ, Namboodiri MM, et al. Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:669-74.
39. Abbey DE, Nishino N, McDonnell WF, et al. Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in non-smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:373-82.
40. Lipfert FW, Perry Jr HM, Miller JP, et al. The Washington University-EPRI veterans' cohort mortality study: Preliminary results. Inhal Toxicol 2000;12(Suppl 4):41-73.
41. Krewski D, Burnett RT, Goldberg MS, et al. Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Special Report; July 2000.
42. Pope III CA, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 2002;287:1132-41.
43. Peters J, Avol E, Gauderman W, et al. A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution: II. Effects on pulmonary function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:768-75.
44. Peters J, Avol E, Navidi W, et al. A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution: I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:760-7.
45. Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Gilliland F, et al. Association between air pollution and lung function in southern California children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1383-90.
46. Schwartz J, Dockery DW, Neas LM. Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles? J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1996;46:927-39.
47. Lippmann M, Ito K, Nadas A, et al. Association of Particulate Matter Components with Daily Mortality and Morbidity in Urban Populations. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #95; August 2000.
48. Mar TF, Norris GA, Koenig JQ, et al. Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix, 1995-1997. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:347-53.
49. Lipsett M, Hurley S, Ostro B. Air pollution and emergency room visits for asthma in Santa Clara County, California. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105:216-22.
50. Gordian ME, Ozkaynak H, Xue J, et al. Particulate air pollution and respiratory disease in Anchorage, Alaska. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104:290-7.
51. Wichmann HE, Spix C, Tuch T, et al. Daily Mortality and Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Erfurt, Germany. Part I: Role of Particle Number and Particle Mass. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #98; November 2000.
52. Moolgavkar SH. Air pollution and daily mortality in three U.S. counties. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:777-84.
53. Vedal S, Brauer M, White R, et al. Air pollution and mortality in a city with low pollution concentrations. Environ Health Perspect, in press.
54. Goldberg M, Burnett RT, Brook J, et al. Associations between daily cause-specific mortality and concentrations of ground-level ozone in Montreal, Quebec. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:817-26.
55. Yu O, Sheppard L, Lumley T, et al. Effects of ambient air pollution on symptoms of asthma in Seattle-area children enrolled in the CAMP study. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:1209-14.
56. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, et al. Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: A cohort study. Lancet 2002;359:386-91.
57. Galizia A, Kinney PL. Long-term residence in areas of high ozone: Associations with respiratory health in a nationwide sample of nonsmoking young adults. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:675-9.
58. Künzli N, Lurmann F, Segal M, et al. Association between lifetime ambient ozone exposure and pulmonary function in college freshman: Results of a pilot study. Environ Res 1997;72:8-23.
59. Grievink L, Zijlstra AG, Ke X, et al. Double-blind intervention trial on modulation of ozone effects on pulmonary function by antioxidant supplements. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:306-14.
60. Romieu I, Meneses F, Ramirez M, et al. Antioxidant supplementation and respiratory functions among workers exposed to high levels of ozone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:226-32.
61. Brunekreef B, Janssen NA, de Hartog J, et al. Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways. Epidemiol 1997;8:298-303.
62. English P, Neutra R, Scalf R, et al. Examining associations between childhood asthma and traffic flow using a geographic information system. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:761-7.
63. van Vliet P, Knape M, de Hartog J, et al. Motor vehicle exhaust and chronic respiratory symptoms in children living near freeways. Environ Res 1997;74:122-32.
64. Venn AJ, Lewis SA, Cooper M, et al. Living near a main road and the risk of wheezing in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2177-80.
65. Waldron G, Pottle B, Dod J. Asthma and the motorways - One district's experience. J Pub Health Med 1995;17:85-9.
66. Laden F, Neas LM, Dockery DW, et al. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:941-7.
67. Seaton A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, et al. Particulate air pollution and acute health effects. Lancet 1995;345:176-8.
68. Utell MJ, Samet JM. Particulate air pollution: New evidence on an old problem. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:1334-5.
69. Ghio AJ, Devlin RB. Inflammatory lung injury after bronchial instillation of air pollution particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:704-8.
70. Dye JA, Lehmann JR, McGee JK, et al. Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: Coherence with epidemiologic studies in Utah Valley residents. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109(Suppl 3):395-403.
71. 10 from the Utah Valley on human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1999;277:L960-7.
72. 2.5 does not modulate host defense or immune parameters in blood or lung of normal human subjects. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109(Suppl 4):599-604.
73. Holgate ST, Sandström T, Frew AJ, et al. Health Effects of Acute Exposure to Air Pollution. Part I. Healthy and Asthmatic Subjects Exposed to Diesel Exhaust. Boston (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #112 (in press).
74. 2.5 with and without ozone in mild asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:A239.
75. 2.5 with and without ozone in mild asthmatics: A pilot study using controlled human exposures. Inhal Toxicol 2000;12(Suppl 1):173-88.
76. Gong H, Sioutas C, Linn WS, et al. Controlled human exposures to concentrated ambient fine particles in metropolitan Los Angeles: Methodology and preliminary health-effect findings. Inhal Toxicol 2000;12(Suppl 1):107-19.
77. Kodavanti UP, Mebane R, Ledbetter A, et al. Variable pulmonary responses from exposure to concentrated ambient air particles in a rat model of bronchitis. Toxicol Sci 2000;54:441-51.
78. Clarke RW, Coull B, Reinisch U, et al. Inhaled concentrated ambient particles are associated with hematologic and bronchoalveolar lavage changes in canines. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:1179-87.
79. Clarke RW, Catalano PJ, Koutrakis P, et al. Urban air particulate inhalation alters pulmonary function and induces pulmonary inflammation in a rodent model of chronic bronchitis. Inhal Toxicol 1999;11:637-56.
80. Kobzik L, Goldsmith CW, Ning YY, et al. Effects of Combined Ozone and Air Pollution Particle Exposure in Mice. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #106; December 2001.
81. Gordon T, Nadziejko C, Chen LC, et al. Affects of Concentrated Ambient Particles in Rats and Hamsters: An Exploratory Study. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #93; April 2000.
82. Godleski JJ, Berrier RL, Koutrakis P, et al. Mechanisms of Morbidity and Mortality from Exposure to Ambient Air Particles. Cambrisge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #91; February 2000.
83. Lisnevskaia L, Urch B, Dorian P, et al. Acute effects of controlled exposure to concentrated particles (CAP) with/without added oxone (03) on heart rate variability (HRV): Preliminary study results. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:B16.
84. Bouthillier L, Vincent R, Goegan P, et al. Acute effects of inhaled urban particles and ozone. Am J Pathol 1998;153:1873-84.
85. Vincent R, Kumarathasan P, Goegan P, et al. Inhalation Toxicology of Urban Ambient Particulate Matter: Acute Cardiovascular Effects in Rats. Cambridge (MA): Health Effects Institute Research Report #104; October 2001.
86. 2.5) causes elevations of the plasma vasopeptides endothelin (ET) - 1 dnd ET-3 in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001b;163:A313.
87. Brook RD, Brook JR, Urch B, et al. Inhalation of fine particulate air pollution and ozone causes acute arterial vasoconstriction in healthy adults. Circulation 2002;105:1534-6.
88. 10) on the bone marrow. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:201-9.
89. Suwa T, Hogg JC, Quinlan KB, et al. Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:935-42.
90. Fujii T, Hayashi S, Hogg JC, et al. Particulate matter induces cytokine expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001;25:265-71.
91. 10). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:826-30.
92. Nemmar A, Hoet P, Vanquickenborne B, et al. Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans. Circulation 2002;105:411-4.
93. Nightingale JA, Maggs R, Cullinan P, et al. Airway inflammation after controlled exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:161-8.
94. Nordenhall C, Pourazar J, Ledin MC, et al. Diesel exhaust enhances airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 2001;17:909-15.
95. Diaz-Sanchez D, Dotson AR, Takenaka H, et al. Diesel exhaust particles induce local IgE production in vivo and alter the pattern of IgE messenger RNA isoforms. J Clin Invest 1994;94:1417-25.
96. Hashimoto KI, Ishii Y, Uchida Y, et al. Exposure to diesel exhaust exacerbates allergen-induced airway responses in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1957-63.
97. Hazucha MJ, Bates DV, Bromberg PA. Mechanism of action of ozone on the human lung. J Appl Physiol 1989;67:1535-41.
98. Schelegle ES, Eldridge MW, Cross CE, et al. Differential effects of airway anesthesia on ozone-induced pulmonary responses in human subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1121-7.
99. Aris RM, Christian D, Heame PQ, et al. Ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects as determined by airway lavage and biopsy. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1363-72.
100. Blomberg A, Mudway IS, Nordenhall C, et al. Ozone-induced lung function decrements do not correlate with early airway inflammatory or antioxidant responses. Eur Respir J 1999;13:1418-28.
101. Jorres RA, Holz O, Zachgo W, et al. The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1855-61.
102. Christian DL, Chen LL, Scannell CH, et al. Ozone-induced inflammation is attenuated with multiday exposure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:532-7.
103. Gong H, Wang R, Sarma RJ, et al. Cardiovascular effects of ozone exposure in human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:538-46.
104. Nightingale JA, Rogers DF, Fan CK, et al. No effect of inhaled budesonide on the response to inhaled ozone in normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:479-86.
105. Samet JM, Hatch GE, Horstman D, et al. Effect of antioxidant supplementation on ozone-induced lung injury in human subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:819-25.
106. Molfino NA, Wright SC, Katz I, et al. Effect of low concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in asthmatic subjects. Lancet 1991;338:199-203.
107. Ball BA, Follinsbee LJ, Peden DB, et al. Allergen bronchoprovocation of patients with mild allergic asthma after ozone exposure. J Allerg Clin Immunol 1996;98:563-72.
108. Hanania NA, Tarlo S, Silverman F, et al. Effect of exposure to low levels of ozone on the response to inhaled allergen in allergic asthmatic patients. Chest 1998;114:752-6.
109. Jenkins HS, Devalia JL, Mister RL, et al. The effect of exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the airway response of atopic asthmatics to inhaled allergen. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:33-9.
110. Tyler WS, Tyler NK, Last JA, et al. Comparison of daily and seasonal exposures of young monkeys to ozone. Toxicology 1988;50:131-44.
111. Hyde DM, Tyler NK, DeHoff RT, et al. Increased alveolar septation and loss of conducting airways in infant rhesus monkeys following inhalation of allergens and air pollutants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;185:A811.
112. Tunnicliffe WS, Hilton MF, Harrison RM, et al. The effect of sulphur dioxide on indices of heart rate variability in normal and asthmatic adults. Europ Respir J 2001;17:604-8.
113. Lloyd-Owen SJ, Patel IS, Roland MJ, et al. Airway and systemic inflammatory responses to nitrogen dioxide exposure in stable COPD patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:A265.
114. Tunnicliffe WS, Burge PS, Ayres JG. Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients. Lancet 1994;344:1733-6.
115. Strand V, Rak S, Svartengren M, et al. Nitrogen dioxide exposure enhances asthmatic reaction to inhaled allergen in subjects with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:881-7.
116. Ghio AJ, Kim C, Devlin RB. Concentrated ambient air particles induce mild pulmonary inflammation in healthy human volunteers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:981-8.
117. Dominici F, McDermott A, Zeger SL, Samet JM, et al. On the use of generalized additive models in time-series studies of air pollution and health. Am J Epidemiol 2002;56:193-203.