Cytomegalovirus viremia in dried blood spots is associated with an increased risk of death in HIV-infected patients: A cohort study from rural Tanzania

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Brantsæter, Arne B ^a   Johannessen, Asgeir ^a   Holberg Petersen, Mona ^a   Sandvik, Leiv ^a   Naman, Ezra ^b   Kivuyo, Sokoine L ^c   Rollag, Halvor ^a,d   Bruun, Johan N ^a,e   Kvale, Dag ^a,d  

^a OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b HAYDOM LUTHERAN HOSPITAL   (Tanzania)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Tanzania)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cytomegalovirus; Dried blood spots; HIV; Seroprevalence; Survival

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DEATH; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DRIED BLOOD SPOT TESTING; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SURVIVAL; TANZANIA; VIREMIA; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES, VIRAL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; COHORT STUDIES; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; TANZANIA; VIRAL LOAD; VIREMIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84869208531     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Pertel P., Hirschtick R., Phair J., Chmiel J., Poggensee L., Murphy R. Risk of developing cytomegalovirus retinitis in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1992, 5:1069-1074.
2. Brantsaeter A.B., Liestol K., Goplen A.K., Dunlop O., Bruun J.N. CMV disease in AIDS patients: incidence of CMV disease and relation to survival in a population-based study from Oslo. Scand J Infect Dis 2002, 34:50-55.
3. Mocroft A., Sabin C.A., Youle M., Madge S., Tyrer M., Devereux H., et al. Changes in AIDS-defining illnesses in a London Clinic, 1987-1998. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999, 21:401-407.
4. Yust I., Fox Z., Burke M., Johnson A., Turner D., Mocroft A., et al. Retinal and extraocular cytomegalovirus end-organ disease in HIV-infected patients in Europe: a EuroSIDA study, 1994-2001. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004, 23:550-559.
5. Goossens V.J., Wolffs P.F., van Loo I.H., Bruggeman C.A., Verbon A. CMV DNA levels and CMV gB subtypes in ART-naive HAART-treated patients: a 2-year follow-up study in the Netherlands. AIDS 2009, 23:1425-1429.
6. Cannon M.J., Schmid D.S., Hyde T.B. Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection. Rev Med Virol 2010, 20:202-213.
7. Adjei A., Armah H., Gbagbo F., Boamah I., Adu-Gyamfi C., Asare I. Seroprevalence of HHV-8, CMV, and EBV among the general population in Ghana, West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:111.
8. Ali F., Abdel-Aziz A., Helmy M.F., Abdel-Mobdy A., Darwish M. Prevalence of certain sexually transmitted viruses in Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1998, 73:181-192.
9. Cochereau I., Mlika-Cabanne N., Godinaud P., NiyongaboT, Poste B., Ngayiragije A., et al. AIDS related eye disease in Burundi, Africa. Br J Ophthalmol 1999, 83:339-342.
10. Compston L.I., Li C., Sarkodie F., Owusu-Ofori S., Opare-Sem O., Allain J.P. Prevalence of persistent and latent viruses in untreated patients infected with HIV-1 from Ghana, West Africa. J Med Virol 2009, 81:1860-1868.
11. Ghebrekidan H., Ruden U., Cox S., Wahren B., Grandien M. Prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus infections in Eritrea. J Clin Virol 1999, 12:53-64.
12. Rodier M.H., Berthonneau J., Bourgoin A., Giraudeau G., Agius G., Burucoa C., et al. Seroprevalences of Toxoplasma, malaria, rubella, cytomegalovirus, HIV and treponemal infections among pregnant women in Cotonou, Republic of Benin. Acta Trop 1995, 59:271-277.
13. Nissapatorn V. Lessons learned about opportunistic infections in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2008, 39:625-641.
14. Chakravarti A., Kashyap B., Matlani M. Cytomegalovirus infection: an Indian perspective. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009, 27:3-11.
15. Micol R., Buchy P., Guerrier G., Duong V., Ferradini L., Dousset J.P., et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on outcome of cytomegalovirus replication in serum of Cambodian HIV-infected patients (2004-2007). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009, 51:486-491.
16. Bowen E.F., Wilson P., Cope A., Sabin C., Griffiths P., Davey C., et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients: influence of cytomegaloviral load on response to ganciclovir, time to recurrence and survival. AIDS 1996, 10:1515-1520.
17. Nigro G., Krzysztofiak A., Gattinara G.C., Mango T., Mazzocco M., Porcaro M.A., et al. Rapid progression of HIV disease in children with cytomegalovirus DNAemia. AIDS 1996, 10:1127-1133.
18. Erice A., Tierney C., Hirsch M., Caliendo A.M., Weinberg A., Kendall M.A., et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden, CMV end-organ disease, and survival in subjects with advanced HIV infection (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 360). Clin Infect Dis 2003, 37:567-578.
19. Deayton J.R., Sabin C.A., Johnson M.A., Emery V.C., Wilson P., Griffiths P.D. Importance of cytomegalovirus viraemia in risk of disease progression and death in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 2004, 363:2116-2121.
20. Wohl D.A., Zeng D., Stewart P., Glomb N., Alcorn T., Jones S., et al. Cytomegalovirus viremia, mortality, and end-organ disease among patients with AIDS receiving potent antiretroviral therapies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005, 38:538-544.
21. El Amari E.B., Combescure C., Yerly S., Calmy A., Kaiser L., Hasse B., et al. Clinical relevance of cytomegalovirus viraemia. HIV Med 2011, 12:394-402.
22. Johannessen A., Troseid M., Calmy A. Dried blood spots can expand access to virological monitoring of HIV treatment in resource-limited settings. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009, 64:1126-1129.
23. Johannessen A., Garrido C., Zahonero N., Sandvik L., Naman E., Kivuyo S.L., et al. Dried blood spots perform well in viral load monitoring of patients who receive antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:976-981.
24. Snijdewind I.J., van Kampen J.J., Fraaij P.L., van der Ende M.E., Osterhaus A.D., Gruters R.A. Current and future applications of dried blood spots in viral disease management. Antiviral Res 2012, 93:309-321.
25. 903 Protein Saver Cards. Whatman Ltd; 2012. Available at: (accessed May 23, 2012). http://www.whatman.com/903ProteinSaverCards.aspx.
26. Soetens O., Vauloup-Fellous C., Foulon I., Dubreuil P., De Saeger B., Grangeot-Keros L., et al. Evaluation of different cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA PCR protocols for analysis of dried blood spots from consecutive cases of neonates with congenital CMV infections. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:943-946.
27. Ngowi B.J., Mfinanga S.G., Bruun J.N., Morkve O. Immunohaematological reference values in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adolescent and adults in rural northern Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2009, 9:1.
28. Kestelyn P. The epidemiology of CMV retinitis in Africa. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 1999, 7:173-177.
29. Maartens G. Opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection in Africa. Oral Dis 2002, 8(Suppl 2):76-79.
30. Heiden D., Ford N., Wilson D., Rodriguez W.R., Margolis T., Janssens B., et al. Cytomegalovirus retinitis: the neglected disease of the AIDS pandemic. PLoS Med 2007, 4:e334.
31. Balo K.P., Amoussou Y.P., Bechetoille A., Mihluedo H., Djagnikpo P.A., Akpandja S.M., et al. [Cytomegalovirus retinitis and ocular complications in AIDS patients in Togo]. J Fr Ophtalmol 1999, 22:1042-1046.
32. Griffiths P.D. CMV as a cofactor enhancing progression of AIDS. J Clin Virol 2006, 35:489-492.
33. Naeger D.M., Martin J.N., Sinclair E., Hunt P.W., Bangsberg D.R., Hecht F., et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells persist at very high levels during long-term antiretroviral treatment of HIV disease. PLoS One 2010, 5:e8886.
34. Hunt P.W., Martin J.N., Sinclair E., Epling L., Teague J., Jacobson M.A., et al. Valganciclovir reduces T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2011, 203:1474-1483.
35. Barbi M., Binda S., Caroppo S. Diagnosis of congenital CMV infection via dried blood spots. Rev Med Virol 2006, 16:385-392.
36. Johansson P.J., Jonsson M., Ahlfors K., Ivarsson S.A., Svanberg L., Guthenberg C. Retrospective diagnostics of congenital cytomegalovirus infection performed by polymerase chain reaction in blood stored on filter paper. Scand J Infect Dis 1997, 29:465-468.
37. Lisboa L.F., Asberg A., Kumar D., Pang X., Hartmann A., Preiksaitis J.K., et al. The clinical utility of whole blood versus plasma cytomegalovirus viral load assays for monitoring therapeutic response. Transplantation 2011, 91:231-236.
38. Garrigue I., Doussau A., Asselineau J., Bricout H., Couzi L., Rio C., et al. Prediction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) plasma load from evaluation of CMV whole-blood load in samples from renal transplant recipients. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:493-498.
39. Koidl C., Bozic M., Marth E., Kessler H.H. Detection of CMV DNA: is EDTA whole blood superior to EDTA plasma?. J Virol Methods 2008, 154:210-212.
40. Waggoner J., Ho D.Y., Libiran P., Pinsky B.A. Clinical significance of low CMV DNA levels in human plasma. J Clin Microbiol 2012, 50:2378-2383.
41. Barbi M., MacKay W.G., Binda S., van Loon A.M. External quality assessment of cytomegalovirus DNA detection on dried blood spots. BMC Microbiol 2008, 8:2.
42. Fielding K., Koba A., Grant A.D., Charalambous S., Day J., Spak C., et al. Cytomegalovirus viremia as a risk factor for mortality prior to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected gold miners in South Africa. PLoS One 2011, 6:e25571.