메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 141-153

Advances in antifungal susceptibility testing of candida, 2010-2012

Author keywords

Antifungal agents; Candida; CLSI; ECVs and Clinical Breakpoints

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; ANIDULAFUNGIN; CASPOFUNGIN; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; GLUCAN SYNTHASE; ITRACONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1; POSACONAZOLE; STEROL 14ALPHA DEMETHYLASE; VORICONAZOLE;

EID: 84869115052     PISSN: 19363761     EISSN: 1936377X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12281-012-0092-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (77)
  • 2
    • 40549124325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.1: Method for the determination of broth dilution MICs of antifungal agents for fermentative yeasts
    • Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Arendrup MC, Barchiesi F, et al. EUCAST definitive document EDef 7.1: Method for the determination of broth dilution MICs of antifungal agents for fermentative yeasts. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:398-405.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect. , vol.14 , pp. 398-405
    • Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L.1    Arendrup, M.C.2    Barchiesi, F.3
  • 3
    • 73849119181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species: Comparison of EUCAST EDef 7.1, CLSI M27-A3, Etest, disk diffusion, and agar dilution methods with RPMI and isosensitest media
    • A very comprehensive and useful investigation of several different methods to detect in vitro resistance to the echinocandins
    • Arendrup MC, Garcia-Effron G, Lass-Florl C, et al. Echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species: Comparison of EUCAST EDef 7.1, CLSI M27-A3, Etest, disk diffusion, and agar dilution methods with RPMI and isosensitest media. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:426-439. A very comprehensive and useful investigation of several different methods to detect in vitro resistance to the echinocandins.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 426-439
    • Arendrup, M.C.1    Garcia-Effron, G.2    Lass-Florl, C.3
  • 4
    • 77951786826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) and etest methods with the clsi broth microdilution method for echinocandin susceptibility testing of candida species
    • Pfaller MA, Castanheira M, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Moet GJ, Jones RN. Comparison of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Etest methods with the CLSI broth microdilution method for echinocandin susceptibility testing of Candida species. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:1592-9.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1592-1599
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Castanheira, M.2    Diekema, D.J.3    Messer, S.A.4    Moet, G.J.5    Jones, R.N.6
  • 5
    • 79952347827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the broth microdilution (BMD) method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) with the 24-h CLSI BMD method for fluconazole, posaconzole, and voriconazole susceptibility testing of Candida species using epidemiological cutoff values
    • An extensive comparison of the EUCAST and CLSI BMD methods for testing Candida versus azole antifungal agents demonstrating the harmonization of the methods
    • Pfaller MA, Espinel-Ingroff A, Boyken L, et al. Comparison of the broth microdilution (BMD) method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) with the 24-h CLSI BMD method for fluconazole, posaconzole, and voriconazole susceptibility testing of Candida species using epidemiological cutoff values. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:845-850. An extensive comparison of the EUCAST and CLSI BMD methods for testing Candida versus azole antifungal agents demonstrating the harmonization of the methods.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 845-850
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Espinel-Ingroff, A.2    Boyken, L.3
  • 6
    • 80052219362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic issues, clinical characteristics, and outcomes for patients with fungemia
    • Arendrup MC, Sulim S, Holm A, et al. Diagnostic issues, clinical characteristics, and outcomes for patients with fungemia. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3300-8.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 3300-3308
    • Arendrup, M.C.1    Sulim, S.2    Holm, A.3
  • 7
    • 77649283879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current role of the reference procedures by CLSI and EUCAST in the detection of resistance to antifungal agents in vitro
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Rodriguez-Tudela JL. The current role of the reference procedures by CLSI and EUCAST in the detection of resistance to antifungal agents in vitro. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:267-76.
    • (2010) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. , vol.8 , pp. 267-276
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L.2
  • 8
    • 33750505426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of antifungal susceptibility testing in patient management
    • Forrest G. Role of antifungal susceptibility testing in patient management. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:538-43.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Infect Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 538-543
    • Forrest, G.1
  • 9
    • 41949105136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in antifungal susceptibility testing
    • Johnson EM. Issues in antifungal susceptibility testing. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61 Suppl 1:i13-8.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Johnson, E.M.1
  • 10
    • 77958179496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility testing in fungi: What is its role in clinical practice?
    • Perkhofer S, Mrazek C, Hartl L, Lass-Florl C. In vitro susceptibility testing in fungi: What is its role in clinical practice? Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12:401-8.
    • (2010) Curr Infect Dis Rep. , vol.12 , pp. 401-408
    • Perkhofer, S.1    Mrazek, C.2    Hartl, L.3    Lass-Florl, C.4
  • 11
    • 84055199809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal drug resistance: Mechanisms, epidemiology, and consequences for treatment
    • Pfaller MA. Antifungal drug resistance: Mechanisms, epidemiology, and consequences for treatment. Am J Med. 2012;125:S3-S13.
    • (2012) Am J Med. , vol.125
    • Pfaller, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 0037108380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has antifungal susceptibility testing come of age?
    • Rex JH, Pfaller MA. Has antifungal susceptibility testing come of age? Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:982-9.
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 982-989
    • Rex, J.H.1    Pfaller, M.A.2
  • 13
    • 33646839918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal drug resistance: Limited data, dramatic impact?
    • Rogers TR. Antifungal drug resistance: Limited data, dramatic impact? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006;27 Suppl 1:7-11.
    • (2006) Int J Antimicrob Agents. , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 7-11
    • Rogers, T.R.1
  • 14
    • 78650208968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole and Candida: Time for new clinical breakpoints?
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema D. Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole and Candida: Time for new clinical breakpoints? Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2010;4:168-74.
    • (2010) Curr Fungal Infect Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 168-174
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.2
  • 15
    • 73949126140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for the echinocandins and Candida spp
    • Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, et al. Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for the echinocandins and Candida spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:52-6.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 52-56
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Boyken, L.2    Hollis, R.J.3
  • 16
    • 79951499139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for posaconazole and voriconazole and Candida spp. as determined by 24-hour CLSI broth microdilution
    • Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, et al. Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for posaconazole and voriconazole and Candida spp. as determined by 24-hour CLSI broth microdilution. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:630-7.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 630-637
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Boyken, L.2    Hollis, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 80355137208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triazole and echinocandin wild-type MIC distributions with epidemiological cutoff values for six uncommon species of Candida
    • Pfaller MA, Castanheira M, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Jones RN. Triazole and echinocandin wild-type MIC distributions with epidemiological cutoff values for six uncommon species of Candida. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3800-4.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 3800-3804
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Castanheira, M.2    Diekema, D.J.3    Messer, S.A.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 18
    • 84862098899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itraconazole and Candida spp. as determined by CLSI broth microdilution
    • A comprehensive study to determine the ECVs for 3 older antifungal agents and 8 different species of Candida
    • Pfaller MA, Espinel-Ingroff A, Castanheira M, et al. Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itraconazole and Candida spp. as determined by CLSI broth microdilution. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:2040-6. A comprehensive study to determine the ECVs for 3 older antifungal agents and 8 different species of Candida.
    • (2012) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.50 , pp. 2040-2046
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Espinel-Ingroff, A.2    Castanheira, M.3
  • 19
    • 77957893941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values and species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida: Time for harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST broth microdilution methods
    • A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida
    • Pfaller MA, Andes D, Diekema DJ, Espinel-Ingroff A, Sheehan D. Wild-type MIC distributions, epidemiological cutoff values and species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida: Time for harmonization of CLSI and EUCAST broth microdilution methods. Drug Resist Updates. 2010;13:180-195. A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida.
    • (2010) Drug Resist Updates. , vol.13 , pp. 180-195
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Andes, D.2    Diekema, D.J.3    Espinel-Ingroff, A.4    Sheehan, D.5
  • 20
    • 79959193758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida spp. revisited: Review of microbiologic, molecular, pharmaclodynamic, and clinical data as they pertain to the development of species-specific interpretive criteria
    • A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida
    • Pfaller MA, Andes D, Arendrup MC, et al. Clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida spp. revisited: Review of microbiologic, molecular, pharmaclodynamic, and clinical data as they pertain to the development of species-specific interpretive criteria. Diagn Microbiol infect Dis. 2011;70:330-343. A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for voriconazole and Candida.
    • (2011) Diagn Microbiol infect Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 330-343
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Andes, D.2    Arendrup, M.C.3
  • 21
    • 79955538785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida revisited: Integration of molecular, clinical, and microbiological data to arrive at species-specific interpretive criteria
    • A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Andes D, et al. Clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida revisited: Integration of molecular, clinical, and microbiological data to arrive at species-specific interpretive criteria. Drug Resist Updates. 2011;14:164-176. A description of the new CLSI species-specific clinical breakpoints for the echinocandins and Candida.
    • (2011) Drug Resist Updates. , vol.14 , pp. 164-176
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Andes, D.3
  • 22
    • 34547402464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints
    • Turnidge J, Paterson DL. Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20:391-408.
    • (2007) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 391-408
    • Turnidge, J.1    Paterson, D.L.2
  • 23
    • 0041527129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European harmonization of MIC breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria
    • Kahlmeter G, Brown DF, Goldstein FW, et al. European harmonization of MIC breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52:145-8.
    • (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.52 , pp. 145-148
    • Kahlmeter, G.1    Brown, D.F.2    Goldstein, F.W.3
  • 24
    • 37549034223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential confusion regarding the term 'resistance' in epidemiological surveys
    • Simjee S, Silley P, Werling HO, Bywater R. Potential confusion regarding the term 'resistance' in epidemiological surveys. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61:228-9.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.61 , pp. 228-229
    • Simjee, S.1    Silley, P.2    Werling, H.O.3    Bywater, R.4
  • 25
    • 65649132752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakpoints for susceptibility testing should not divide wild-type distributions of important target species
    • Arendrup MC, Kahlmeter G, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Donnelly JP. Breakpoints for susceptibility testing should not divide wild-type distributions of important target species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1628-9.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 1628-1629
    • Arendrup, M.C.1    Kahlmeter, G.2    Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L.3    Donnelly, J.P.4
  • 26
    • 32644437364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical characterisation of bacterial wild-type MIC value distributions and the determination of epidemiological cut-off values
    • Turnidge J, Kahlmeter G, Kronvall G. Statistical characterisation of bacterial wild-type MIC value distributions and the determination of epidemiological cut-off values. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12:418-25.
    • (2006) Clin Microbiol Infect. , vol.12 , pp. 418-425
    • Turnidge, J.1    Kahlmeter, G.2    Kronvall, G.3
  • 27
    • 79951502711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of epidemiological cutoff values to examine 9-year trends in susceptibility of Candida species to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin
    • Pfaller M, Boyken L, Hollis R, et al. Use of epidemiological cutoff values to examine 9-year trends in susceptibility of Candida species to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:624-9.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 624-629
    • Pfaller, M.1    Boyken, L.2    Hollis, R.3
  • 28
    • 0030857007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphotericin B resistance testing of Candida spp.: A comparison of methods
    • Law D, Moore CB, Denning DW. Amphotericin B resistance testing of Candida spp.: A comparison of methods. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997;40:109-12.
    • (1997) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 109-112
    • Law, D.1    Moore, C.B.2    Denning, D.W.3
  • 29
    • 33645777826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of amphotericin B interpretive breakpoints for Candida bloodstream isolates by correlation with therapeutic outcome
    • Park BJ, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Hajjeh RA, et al. Evaluation of amphotericin B interpretive breakpoints for Candida bloodstream isolates by correlation with therapeutic outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:1287-92.
    • (2006) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.50 , pp. 1287-1292
    • Park, B.J.1    Arthington-Skaggs, B.A.2    Hajjeh, R.A.3
  • 30
    • 0034758558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal susceptibility testing: Practical aspects and current challenges
    • Rex JH, Pfaller MA, Walsh TJ, et al. Antifungal susceptibility testing: Practical aspects and current challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:643-58.
    • (2001) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 643-658
    • Rex, J.H.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Walsh, T.J.3
  • 31
    • 0028046352 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute
    • Rex JH, Bennett JE, Sugar AM, et al. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1325-30.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med. , vol.331 , pp. 1325-1330
    • Rex, J.H.1    Bennett, J.E.2    Sugar, A.M.3
  • 33
    • 0037137576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis
    • Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:2020-9.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med. , vol.347 , pp. 2020-2029
    • Mora-Duarte, J.1    Betts, R.2    Rotstein, C.3
  • 34
    • 0021711853 scopus 로고
    • British Society for Mycopathology. Laboratory methods for flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine). Report of a Working Group of the British Society for Mycopathology
    • British Society for Mycopathology. Laboratory methods for flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine). Report of a Working Group of the British Society for Mycopathology. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984;14:1-8.
    • (1984) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.14 , pp. 1-8
  • 36
    • 2542436013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cladespecific flucytosine resistance is due to a single nucleotide change in the FUR1 gene of Candida albicans
    • Dodgson AR, Dodgson KJ, Pujol C, Pfaller MA, Soll DR. Cladespecific flucytosine resistance is due to a single nucleotide change in the FUR1 gene of Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:2223-7.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.48 , pp. 2223-2227
    • Dodgson, A.R.1    Dodgson, K.J.2    Pujol, C.3    Pfaller, M.A.4    Soll, D.R.5
  • 38
    • 0347992029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flucytosine resistance is restricted to a single genetic clade of Candida albicans
    • Pujol C, Pfaller MA, Soll DR. Flucytosine resistance is restricted to a single genetic clade of Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:262-6.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.48 , pp. 262-266
    • Pujol, C.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Soll, D.R.3
  • 39
    • 78049272779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of flucytosine resistance in Candida glabrata
    • Edlind TD, Katiyar SK. Mutational analysis of flucytosine resistance in Candida glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:4733-8.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 4733-4738
    • Edlind, T.D.1    Katiyar, S.K.2
  • 40
    • 78650511059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in laboratory mutants of Candida glabrata
    • An excellent discussion of the mechanisms of resistance to flucytosine in C. glabrata
    • Vandeputte P, Pineau L, Larcher G, et al. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorocytosine in laboratory mutants of Candida glabrata. Mycopathologia. 2011;171:11-21. An excellent discussion of the mechanisms of resistance to flucytosine in C. glabrata.
    • (2011) Mycopathologia. , vol.171 , pp. 11-21
    • Vandeputte, P.1    Pineau, L.2    Larcher, G.3
  • 41
    • 70350329242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Ser29Leu substitution in the cytosine deaminase Fca1p is responsible for clade-specific flucytosine resistance in Candida dubliniensis
    • McManus BA, Moran GP, Higgins JA, Sullivan DJ, Coleman DC. A Ser29Leu substitution in the cytosine deaminase Fca1p is responsible for clade-specific flucytosine resistance in Candida dubliniensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53: 4678-85.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 4678-4685
    • McManus, B.A.1    Moran, G.P.2    Higgins, J.A.3    Sullivan, D.J.4    Coleman, D.C.5
  • 42
    • 67649972486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsense and missense mutations in FCY2 and FCY1 genes are responsible for flucytosine resistance and flucytosine-fluconazole crossresistance in clinical isolates of Candida lusitaniae
    • Florent M, Noel T, Ruprich-Robert G, et al. Nonsense and missense mutations in FCY2 and FCY1 genes are responsible for flucytosine resistance and flucytosine-fluconazole crossresistance in clinical isolates of Candida lusitaniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:2982-90.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 2982-2990
    • Florent, M.1    Noel, T.2    Ruprich-Robert, G.3
  • 43
    • 38949191482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azole antifungal drug cross-resistance: Mechanisms epidemiology, and clinical significance
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Azole antifungal drug cross-resistance: Mechanisms epidemiology, and clinical significance. J Invasive Fungal Infect. 2007;1:74-92.
    • (2007) J Invasive Fungal Infect. , vol.1 , pp. 74-92
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2
  • 44
    • 0032882718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal agents: Mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance
    • Ghannoum MA, Rice LB. Antifungal agents: Mode of action, mechanisms of resistance, and correlation of these mechanisms with bacterial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:501-17.
    • (1999) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 501-517
    • Ghannoum, M.A.1    Rice, L.B.2
  • 45
    • 0036488166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: Molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences
    • Sanglard D, Odds FC. Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: Molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:73-85.
    • (2002) Lancet Infect Dis. , vol.2 , pp. 73-85
    • Sanglard, D.1    Odds, F.C.2
  • 46
    • 2542494102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of real-time quantitative PCR to molecular analysis of Candida albicans strains exhibiting reduced susceptibility to azoles
    • Chau AS, Mendrick CA, Sabatelli FJ, Loebenberg D, McNicholas PM. Application of real-time quantitative PCR to molecular analysis of Candida albicans strains exhibiting reduced susceptibility to azoles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:2124-31.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.48 , pp. 2124-2131
    • Chau, A.S.1    Mendrick, C.A.2    Sabatelli, F.J.3    Loebenberg, D.4    McNicholas, P.M.5
  • 47
    • 0031755686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct patterns of gene expression associated with development of fluconazole resistance in serial Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis
    • Lopez-Ribot JL, McAtee RK, Lee LN, et al. Distinct patterns of gene expression associated with development of fluconazole resistance in serial Candida albicans isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:2932-7.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.42 , pp. 2932-2937
    • Lopez-Ribot, J.L.1    McAtee, R.K.2    Lee, L.N.3
  • 48
    • 0028006489 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Candida albicans to fluconazole during treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in a patient with AIDS: Documentation by in vitro susceptibility testing and DNA subtype analysis
    • Redding S, Smith J, Farinacci G, et al. Resistance of Candida albicans to fluconazole during treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in a patient with AIDS: Documentation by in vitro susceptibility testing and DNA subtype analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:240-2.
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 240-242
    • Redding, S.1    Smith, J.2    Farinacci, G.3
  • 49
    • 0030757227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased MRNA Levels Of ERG16 CDR And MDR1 correlate with increases in azole resistance in candida albicans isolates from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • White TC. Increased mRNA levels of ERG16, CDR, and MDR1 correlate with increases in azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:1482-7.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 1482-1487
    • White, T.C.1
  • 50
    • 0030761555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans causing disseminated infection in a patient undergoing marrow transplantation
    • Marr KA, White TC, van Burik JA, Bowden RA. Development of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans causing disseminated infection in a patient undergoing marrow transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:908-10.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 908-910
    • Marr, K.A.1    White, T.C.2    Van Burik, J.A.3    Bowden, R.A.4
  • 51
    • 0031687814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid, transient fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is associated with increased mRNA levels of CDR
    • Marr KA, Lyons CN, Rustad TR, Bowden RA, White TC. Rapid, transient fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is associated with increased mRNA levels of CDR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42:2584-9.
    • (1998) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.42 , pp. 2584-2589
    • Marr, K.A.1    Lyons, C.N.2    Rustad, T.R.3    Bowden, R.A.4    White, T.C.5
  • 52
    • 0031451282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myelofibrosis complicated by infection due to Candida albicans: Emergence of resistance to antifungal agents during therapy
    • Mori T, Matsumura M, Kanamaru Y, et al. Myelofibrosis complicated by infection due to Candida albicans: Emergence of resistance to antifungal agents during therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:1470-1.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 1470-1471
    • Mori, T.1    Matsumura, M.2    Kanamaru, Y.3
  • 53
    • 0031035553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of fluconazole-and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans from blood of two patients with leukemia
    • Nolte FS, Parkinson T, Falconer DJ, et al. Isolation and characterization of fluconazole-and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans from blood of two patients with leukemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:196-9.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 196-199
    • Nolte, F.S.1    Parkinson, T.2    Falconer, D.J.3
  • 54
    • 77950180902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of azole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans and their validation in a mouse model of disseminated infection
    • A very useful demonstration of the impact of azole resistance mechanisms in C. albicans
    • MacCallum DM, Coste A, Ischer F, Jacobsen MD, Odds FC, Sanglard D. Genetic dissection of azole resistance mechanisms in Candida albicans and their validation in a mouse model of disseminated infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54:1476-1483. A very useful demonstration of the impact of azole resistance mechanisms in C. albicans.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.54 , pp. 1476-1483
    • MacCallum, D.M.1    Coste, A.2    Ischer, F.3    Jacobsen, M.D.4    Odds, F.C.5    Sanglard, D.6
  • 55
    • 0031969879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance
    • White TC, Marr KA, Bowden RA. Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998;11:382-402.
    • (1998) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 382-402
    • White, T.C.1    Marr, K.A.2    Bowden, R.A.3
  • 56
    • 0031052377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: Conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and candida infections
    • subcommittee on antifungal susceptibility testing of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards
    • Rex JH, Pfaller MA, Galgiani JN, et al. Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: Conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and candida infections. Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:235-47.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.24 , pp. 235-247
    • Rex, J.H.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Galgiani, J.N.3
  • 57
    • 60549098868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pRACTICE gUIDELINES fOR tHE mANAGEMENT oF cANDIDIASIS: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:503-35.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.48 , pp. 503-535
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Kauffman, C.A.2    Andes, D.3
  • 58
    • 80755153763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echinocandin-resistant Candida: Molecular methods and phenotypes
    • A very clear and complete discussion of the molecular aspects of echinocandin resistance in Candida
    • Perlin DS. Echinocandin-resistant Candida: Molecular methods and phenotypes. Curr Fungal Infect Reports. 2011;5:113-119. A very clear and complete discussion of the molecular aspects of echinocandin resistance in Candida.
    • (2011) Curr Fungal Infect Reports. , vol.5 , pp. 113-119
    • Perlin, D.S.1
  • 59
    • 70349127708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: Implications for the existing susceptibility breakpoint
    • Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS. Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: Implications for the existing susceptibility breakpoint. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:3690-9.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 3690-369
    • Garcia-Effron, G.1    Lee, S.2    Park, S.3    Cleary, J.D.4    Perlin, D.S.5
  • 60
    • 59749090444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: Implications for interpretive breakpoints
    • Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS. Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: Implications for interpretive breakpoints. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:112-22.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.53 , pp. 112-122
    • Garcia-Effron, G.1    Park, S.2    Perlin, D.S.3
  • 61
    • 46249106060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in fks1p in candida parapsilosis candida orthopsilosis and candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility
    • Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS. A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:2305-12.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.52 , pp. 2305-2312
    • Garcia-Effron, G.1    Katiyar, S.K.2    Park, S.3    Edlind, T.D.4    Perlin, D.S.5
  • 62
    • 33646231985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretive breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida revisited: A blueprint for the future of antifungal susceptibility testing
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Sheehan DJ. Interpretive breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida revisited: A blueprint for the future of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:435-47.
    • (2006) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 435-447
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Sheehan, D.J.3
  • 63
    • 33644923857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against voriconazole: Analysis and proposal for interpretive breakpoints
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Rex JH, et al. Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against voriconazole: Analysis and proposal for interpretive breakpoints. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:819-26.
    • (2006) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.44 , pp. 819-826
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Rex, J.H.3
  • 64
    • 53149145998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: Analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Correlation of MIC with outcome for Candida species tested against caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin: Analysis and proposal for interpretive MIC breakpoints. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46: 2620-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 2620-2629
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Ostrosky-Zeichner, L.3
  • 65
    • 0036791194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the antifungal susceptibility testing subcommittee of the european committee on antibiotic susceptibility testing proposed standard and the E-test with the NCCLS broth microdilution method for voriconazole and caspofungin susceptibility testing of yeast species
    • Chryssanthou E, Cuenca-Estrella M. Comparison of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing proposed standard and the E-test with the NCCLS broth microdilution method for voriconazole and caspofungin susceptibility testing of yeast species. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3841-4.
    • (2002) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 3841-3844
    • Chryssanthou, E.1    Cuenca-Estrella, M.2
  • 66
    • 0036838751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST broth microdilution procedures for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Lee-Yang W, Ciblak MA, et al. Comparative evaluation of NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST broth microdilution procedures for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:3644-7.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.46 , pp. 3644-3647
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Lee-Yang, W.2    Ciblak, M.A.3
  • 67
    • 23744453215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International and multicenter comparison of EUCAST and CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution methods for testing susceptibilities of Candida spp. to fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole
    • Espinel-Ingroff A, Barchiesi F, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. International and multicenter comparison of EUCAST and CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution methods for testing susceptibilities of Candida spp. to fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3884-9.
    • (2005) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 3884-3889
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A.1    Barchiesi, F.2    Cuenca-Estrella, M.3
  • 68
    • 33846202870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analyses of correlation between fluconazole MICs for Candida spp. assessed by standard methods set forth by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EDef. 7.1) and CLSI (M27-A2)
    • Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Donnelly JP, Pfaller MA, et al. Statistical analyses of correlation between fluconazole MICs for Candida spp. assessed by standard methods set forth by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EDef. 7.1) and CLSI (M27-A2). J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:109-11.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 109-111
    • Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L.1    Donnelly, J.P.2    Pfaller, M.A.3
  • 69
    • 9644272376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of in vitro activity of caspofungin on non-Candida albicans yeast strains determined by two methods: M27-A2 and EUCAST
    • Romero M, Canton E, Peman J, Gobernado M. Study of in vitro activity of caspofungin on non-Candida albicans yeast strains determined by two methods: M27-A2 and EUCAST. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2004;17:257-62.
    • (2004) Rev Esp Quimioter. , vol.17 , pp. 257-262
    • Romero, M.1    Canton, E.2    Peman, J.3    Gobernado, M.4
  • 70
    • 55849140118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of 24-hour fluconazole MIC readings versus the CLSI 48-hour broth microdilution reference method: Results from a global Candida antifungal surveillance program
    • Pfaller MA, Boyken LB, Hollis RJ, et al. Validation of 24-hour fluconazole MIC readings versus the CLSI 48-hour broth microdilution reference method: Results from a global Candida antifungal surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3585-90.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 3585-3590
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Boyken, L.B.2    Hollis, R.J.3
  • 71
    • 77951836965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility system with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Broth Microdilution Reference Methods and with the Sensititre YeastOne and Etest techniques for in vitro detection of antifungal resistance in yeast isolates
    • Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, et al. Comparison of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility system with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Broth Microdilution Reference Methods and with the Sensititre YeastOne and Etest techniques for in vitro detection of antifungal resistance in yeast isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:1782-6.
    • (2010) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1782-1786
    • Cuenca-Estrella, M.1    Gomez-Lopez, A.2    Alastruey-Izquierdo, A.3
  • 72
    • 79955527633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter comparison of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing caspofungin, micafungin, and posaconazole against Candida spp
    • Peterson JF, Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Rinaldi MG, Riebe KM, Ledeboer NA. Multicenter comparison of the Vitek 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing caspofungin, micafungin, and posaconazole against Candida spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:1765-71.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 1765-1771
    • Peterson, J.F.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Diekema, D.J.3    Rinaldi, M.G.4    Riebe, K.M.5    Ledeboer, N.A.6
  • 73
    • 5444254295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal plate for antifungal susceptibility testing of the new triazoles voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole
    • Pfaller MA, Espinel-Ingroff A, Jones RN. Clinical evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal plate for antifungal susceptibility testing of the new triazoles voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4577-80.
    • (2004) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 4577-4580
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Espinel-Ingroff, A.2    Jones, R.N.3
  • 74
    • 36348937967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter comparison of the VITEK 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing amphotericin B, flucytosine, and voriconazole against Candida spp
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Procop GW, Rinaldi MG. Multicenter comparison of the VITEK 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing amphotericin B, flucytosine, and voriconazole against Candida spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:3522-8.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 3522-3528
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Procop, G.W.3    Rinaldi, M.G.4
  • 75
    • 33947222103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter comparison of the VITEK 2 yeast susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing fluconazole against Candida spp
    • Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Procop GW, Rinaldi MG. Multicenter comparison of the VITEK 2 yeast susceptibility test with the CLSI broth microdilution reference method for testing fluconazole against Candida spp. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:796-802.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 796-802
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Diekema, D.J.2    Procop, G.W.3    Rinaldi, M.G.4
  • 76
    • 49049093077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of the echinocandins anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin
    • Pfaller MA, Chaturvedi V, Diekema DJ, et al. Clinical evaluation of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of the echinocandins anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46 :2155-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 2155-2159
    • Pfaller, M.A.1    Chaturvedi, V.2    Diekema, D.J.3
  • 77
    • 66749125339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the Vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test for detection of in vitro resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
    • Posteraro B, Martucci R, La Sorda M, et al. Reliability of the Vitek 2 yeast susceptibility test for detection of in vitro resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole in clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1927-30.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol. , vol.47 , pp. 1927-1930
    • Posteraro, B.1    Martucci, R.2    La Sorda, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.