Comparison between low doses of TMT and cat odor exposure in anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in mice

Behavioural Brain Research

Volumn 238, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 227-231

  Hacquemand, R ^a   Choffat, N ^a   Jacquot, L ^a   Brand, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE COMTÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Cat odor; Elevated plus maze; Fear; Open field; TMT

Indexed keywords

2,4,5 TRIMETHYL 3 THIAZOLINE; WATER;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CAT; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; FEAR; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL DISSOCIATION; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; MAZE TEST; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; ODOR; OPEN FIELD TEST; PREDATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; VELOCITY;

ANIMALS; ANXIETY; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CATS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEAR; FEMALE; FREEZING REACTION, CATALEPTIC; MICE; ODORS; SMELL; THIAZOLES;

EID: 84868708447     PISSN: 01664328     EISSN: 18727549     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.014     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Morrow B.A., Redmont A.J., Roth R.H., Elsworth J.D. The predator odor, TMT, displays a unique, stress-like pattern of dopaminergic and endocrinological activation in the rat. Brain Research 2000, 864:146-151.
2. Redmond A.J., Morrow B.A., Elsworth J.D., Roth R.H. Selective activation of the A10, but not A9, dopamine neurons in the rat by the predator odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline. Neuroscience Letters 2002, 328:209-212.
3. Rea K., Roche M., Finn D.P. Modulation of conditioned fear, fear-conditioned analgesia, and brain regional c-fos expression following administration of muscimol into the rat basolateral amygdala. The Journal of Pain 2011, 12(6):712-721.
4. Blanchard D.C., Blanchard R.J. Defensive behaviors, fear and anxiety. Handbook of Anxiety and Fear 2008, Academic Press, Amsterdam. R.J. Blanchard, D.C. Blanchard, G. Griebel, D. Nutt (Eds.).
5. Buron G., Hacquemand R., Pourié G., Lucarz A., Jacquot L., Brand G. Comparative behavioral effects between synthetic 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) and the odor of natural fox feces in mice. Behavioral Neuroscience 2007, 121(5):1063-1072.
6. Hacquemand G., Pourie G., Jacquot L., Brand G. Postnatal exposure to synthetic predator odor (TMT) induces quantitative modification in fear-related behaviors during adulthood without change in corticosterone levels. Behavioural Brain Research 2010, 215:58-62.
7. 4 treatment in mice. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2010, 4:188.
8. Fendt M., Endres T., Lowry C.A., Apfelbach R., McGregor I.S. TMT-induced autonomic and behavioral changes and the neural basis of its processing. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2005, 29:1145-1156.
9. Morrow B.A., Elsworth J.D., Roth R.H. Fear-like biochemical and behavioral responses in rats to the predator odor, TMT, are dependent on the exposure environment. Synapse 2002, 46:11-18.
10. Day H.E., Masini C.V., Campeau S. The pattern of brain c-fos mRNA induced by a component of fox odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), in rats, suggests both systemic and processive stress characteristics. Brain Research 2004, 1025:139-151.
11. Vendruscolo L.F., Vendruscolo J.C.M., Terenina-Rigaldie E., Raba F., Ramos A., Takahashi R.N., Mormède P. Genetic influences on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to predator-odor stress in rats. Neuroscience Letters 2006, 409:89-94.
12. Endres T., Apfelbach R., Fendt T. Behavioral changes induced in rats by exposure to trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox odor. Behavioral Neuroscience 2005, 119(4):1004-1010.
13. Nikaido Y., Nakashima T. Effects of environmental novelty on fear-related behavior and stress responses of rats to emotionally relevant odors. Behavioural Brain Research 2009, 199:241-246.
14. Brennan F.X., Beck K.D., Servatius R.J. Predator odor exposure facilitates acquisition of a leverpress avoidance response in rats. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2006, 2(1):65-69.
15. Endres T., Fendt M. Conditioned behavioral responses to a context paired with the predator odor trimethylthiazoline. Behavioral Neuroscience 2007, 121(3):594-601.
16. Blanchard R.J., Nikulina J.N., Sakai R.R., McKittrick C., McEwen N., Blanchard D.C. Behavioral and endocrine change following chronic predatory stress. Physiology & Behaviour 1998, 63(4):561-569.
17. Hubbard D.T., Blanchard D.C., Yang M., Markham C.M., Gervacio A., Blanchard R.J., Chun-I L. Development of defensive behavior and conditioning to cat odor in the rat. Physiology & Behavior 2004, 80(4):525-530.
18. Blanchard D.C., Markham C., Yang M., Hubbard D., Madarang E., Blanchard R.J. Failure to produce conditioning with low-dose trimethylthiazoline or cat feces as unconditioned stimuli. Behavioral Neuroscience 2003, 117(2):360-368.
19. Dielenberg R.A., McGregor I.S. Defensive behavior in rats towards predatory odors: a review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2001, 25:597-609.
20. McGregor I.S., Schrama L., Ambermoon P., Dielenberg R.A. Not all " predator odours" are equal: cat odour but not 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT; fox odour) elicits specific defensive behaviours in rats. Behavioural Brain Research 2002, 129:1-16.
21. Staples L.G., McGregor I.S. Defensive responses of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats to cat odour and TMT. Behavioural Brain Research 2006, 172(2):351-354.
22. Staples L.G., McGregor I.S., Apfelbach R., Hunt G.E. Cat odor, but not trimethylthiazoline (fox odor), activates accessory olfactory and defense-related brain regions in rats. Neuroscience 2008, 151:937-947.
23. Takahashi L.K., Nakashima B.R., Hong H., Watanabe K. The smell of danger: a behavioral and neural analysis of predator odor-induced fear. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2005, 29:1157-1167.
24. Muñoz-Abellán C., Armario A., Nadal R. Do odors from different cats induce equivalent unconditioned and conditioned responses in rats?. Physiology & Behavior 2010, 99(3):388-394.
25. Giovenardi M., de Azevedo M.S., da Silva S.P., Hermel E., Gomes C.M., Lucion A.B. Neonatal handling increases fear and agression in lactating rats. Physiology & Behavior 2005, 86:209-217.
26. Zangrossi H., File S.E. Behavioral consequences in animal tests of anxiety and exploration of exposure to cat odor. Brain Research Bulletin 1992, 29:381-388.
27. Adamec R.E., Burton P., Shallow T., Budgell J. NMDA receptors mediate lasting increases in anxiety-like behavior produced by the stress of predator exposure - implications for anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Physiology & Behavior 1999, 65:723-737.
28. Blundell J., Adamec R. Elevated pCREB in the PAG after exposure to the elevated plus maze in rats previously exposed to a cat. Behavioural Brain Research 2006, 175:285-295.
29. Roy V., Belzung C., Delarue C., Chapillon P. Environmental enrichment in BALB/c mice. Effects in classical tests of anxiety and exposure to a predatory odor. Physiology & Behavior 2001, 74:313-320.
30. Wallace K.J., Rosen J.B. Predator odor as un unconditioned fear stimulus in rats. Elicitation of freezing by trimethylthiazoline, a compenent of fox faeces. Behavioral Neuroscience 2000, 114:912-922.
31. Endres T., Fendt M. Aversion- vs fear-inducing properties of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline, a component of fox odor, in comparison with those of butyric acid. The Journal of Experimental Biology 2009, 212:2324-2327.
32. Dielenberg R.A., Leman S., Carrive P. Effect of dorsal periaqueducal gray lesions on cardiovascular and behavioral responses to cat odor exposure in rats. Behavioural Brain Research 2004, 153:487-496.
33. Park C.R., Zoladz P.R., Conrad C.D., Fleshner M., Diamond D.M. Acute predator stress impairs the consolidation and retrieval of hippocampus-dependent memory in male and female rats. Learning & Memory 2008, 15:271-280.
34. Rosen J.B., Pagani J.H., Rolla K.L., Davis C. Analysis of behavioral constraints and the neuroanatomy of fear to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline: a model for animal phobias. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2008, 32:1267-1276.
35. Roy V., Chapillon P., Jeljeli M., Caston J., Belzung G. Free versus forced exposure to an elevated plus-maze: evidence for new behavioral interpretations during test and re-test. Psychopharmacology 2009, 203:131-141.
36. Siviy S.M. Effects of pre-pubertal social experiences on the responsiveness of juvenile rats to predator odors. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2008, 32:1249-1258.
37. Dielenberg R.A., Carrive P., McGregor I.S. The cardiovascular and behavioral response to cat odor in rats: unconditioned and conditioned effects. Brain Research 2001, 897:228-237.
38. Fanselow M.S., Lester L.S. A functional behavioristic approach to aversively motivated behavior. Predatory imminence as a determinant of the topography of defensive behavior. Evolution and Learning 1988, 185-211. LEA: Hillsdale, NJ. M. Beecher (Ed.).
39. Walker D.L., Davis M. Role of the extended amygdala in short-duration versus sustained fear: a tribute to Dr. Lennart Heimer. Brain Structure and Function 2008, 213:29-42.
40. Walker D.L., Miles L.A., Davis M. Selective participation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and CRF in sustained anxiety-like versus phasic fear-like responses. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2009, 33:1291-1308.
41. Rosen J.B. The neurobiology of conditioned and unconditioned fear: a neurobehavioral system analysis of the amygdala. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 2004, 3:23-41.
42. Fendt M., Endres T., Apfelbach R. Temporary inactivation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis but not of the amygdala blocks freezing induced by trimethylthiazoline, a component of fox feces. Journal of Neuroscience 2003, 23:23-28.
43. Blanchard D.C., Griebel G., Blanchard R.J. The mouse defense test battery: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic. European Journal of Pharmacology 2003, 463:97-116.
44. Galliot E., Laurent L., Hacquemand R., Pourie G., Millot J.L. Fear-like behavioral responses in mice in different odorant environments: trigeminal versus olfactory mediation under low doses. Behavioural Processes 2012, 90:161-166.
45. Hacquemand R., Jacquot L., Brand G. Postnatal exposure to predator odor (TMT) enhances spatial learning in mice adulthood. Behavioural Brain Research 2012, 229:113-117.
46. Müller M., Fendt M. Temporary inactivation of the medial and basolateral amygdala differentially affects TMT-induced fear behavior in rats. Behavioural Brain Research 2005, 167:57-62.
47. Muños-Abellán C., Daviu N., Rabasa C., Nadal R., Armario A. Cat odor causes long-lasting contextual fear conditioning and increases piuitary-adrenal activation, without modifying anxiety. Hormones and Behavior 2009, 56:465-471.
48. Pellow S., File S.E. Anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug effects on exploratory activity in an elevated plus-maze: a novel test of anxiety in the rat. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1986, 24(3):525-529.