Free versus forced exposure to an elevated plus-maze: Evidence for new behavioral interpretations during test and retest

Psychopharmacology

Volumn 203, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 131-141

  Roy, Vincent ^a   Chapillon, Pierre ^a   Jeljeli, Mustapha ^b   Caston, Jean ^a   Belzung, Catherine ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN   (France)

^b University of Carthage   (Tunisia)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE TOURS   (France)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Elevated plus maze; Emotional reactivity; Free exposure; One trial tolerance; Rats

Indexed keywords

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFECT; ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST; EMOTION; EXPOSURE; MALE; MAZE TEST; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STANDARD; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY;

ANIMALS; ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; ANXIETY; AVOIDANCE LEARNING; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; MALE; MAZE LEARNING; MODELS, ANIMAL; RATS; RATS, INBRED STRAINS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 60449114778     PISSN: 00333158     EISSN: 14322072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1378-2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. C Belzung 1999
2. C Belzung F Berton 1997 Further pharmacological validation of the BALB/c neophobia in the free exploratory paradigm as an animal model of trait anxiety Behav Pharmacol 8 541 548
3. C Belzung G Griebel 2001 Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review Behav Brain Res 125 141 149
4. LJ Bertoglio AP Carobrez 2000 Previous maze experience required to increase open arms avoidance in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety Behav Brain Res 108 197 203
5. LJ Bertoglio AP Carobrez 2002 Prior maze experience required to alter midazolam effects in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze Pharmacol Biochem Behav 72 449 455
6. Boissier JR, Simon P (1969) Evaluation of experimental techniques in the psychopharmacology of emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 159
7. MB Calzavara CL Patti GB Lopez VC Abilio RH Silva R Frussa-Filho 2005 Role of learning of open arm avoidance in the phenomenon of one-trial tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide in mice Life Sci 76 2235 2246
8. AP Carobrez LJ Bertoglio 2005 Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: the elevated plus-maze model 20 years on Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29 1193 1205
9. P Chapillon V Patin V Roy A Vincent J Caston 2002 Effects of pre- and postnatal stimulation on developmental, emotional, and cognitive aspects in rodents: a review Dev Psychobiol 41 373 387
10. AP Cruz F Frei FG Graeff 1994 Ethopharmacological analysis of rat behavior on the elevated plus-maze Pharmacol Biochem Behav 49 171 176
11. GR Dawson SP Crawford N Collinson SD Iversen MD Tricklebank 1995 Evidence that the anxiolytic-like effects of chlordiazepoxide on the elevated plus maze are confounded by increases in locomotor activity Psychopharmacology (Berl) 118 316 323
12. VH Denenberg 1969 Open-field behavior in the rat: what does it mean? Ann N Y Acad Sci 159 852 859
13. EF Espejo 1997 Structure of the mouse behaviour on the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety Behav Brain Res 86 105 112
14. U Falter AJ Gower J Gobert 1992 Resistance of baseline activity in the elevated plus-maze to exogenous influences Behav Pharmacol 3 123 128
15. SE File H Zangrossi Jr 1993 "One-trial tolerance" to the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines in the elevated plus-maze, or the development of a phobic state? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 110 240 244
16. SE File H Zangrossi Jr M Viana FG Graeff 1993 Trial 2 in the elevated plus-maze: a different form of fear? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 111 491 494
17. R Frussa-Filho A Ribeiro Rde 2002 One-trial tolerance to the effects of chlordiazepoxide in the elevated plus-maze is not due to acquisition of a phobic avoidance of open arms during initial exposure Life Sci 71 519 525
18. LE Gonzalez SE File 1997 A five minute experience in the elevated plus-maze alters the state of the benzodiazepine receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus J Neurosci 17 1505 1511
19. G Griebel C Belzung R Misslin E Vogel 1993 The free-exploratory paradigm: an effective method for measuring neophobic behaviour in mice and testing potential neophobia-reducing drugs Behav Pharmacol 4 637 644
20. G Griebel JL Moreau F Jenk JR Martin R Misslin 1993 Some critical determinants of the behaviour of rats in the elevated plus-maze Behav Processes 29 37 48
21. Handley SL, Mithani S (1984) Effects of alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze exploration model of "fear"-motivated behavior. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 327
22. S Hogg 1996 A review of the validity and variability of the elevated plus-maze as an animal model of anxiety Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54 21 30
23. A Holmes RJ Rodgers 1999 Influence of spatial and temporal manipulations on the anxiolytic efficacy of chlordiazepoxide in mice previously exposed to the elevated plus-maze Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23 971 980
24. Institute of laboratory animal resources-Commission on life sciences-National research council NRC (1996) Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (in French). National Academy Press
25. SM King 1999 Escape-related behaviours in an unstable elevated and exposed environment. I. A new behavioural model of extreme anxiety Behav Brain Res 98 113 126
26. RG Lister 1987 The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse Psychopharmacology 92 180 185
27. RG Lister 1990 Ethologically-based animal models of anxiety disorders Pharmacol Ther 46 321 340
28. AO Mechan PM Moran M Elliott AJ Young MH Joseph R Green 2002 A comparison between Dark Agouti and Sprague-Dawley rats in their behaviour on the elevated plus-maze, open-field apparatus and activity meters, and their response to diazepam Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159 188 195
29. R Misslin R Bouchon P Ropartz 1976 Significance of behavioral parameters in mice in open field Physiol Behav 17 767 770
30. R Misslin F Herzog B Koch P Ropartz 1982 Effects of isolation, handling and novelty on the pituitary-adrenal response in the mouse Psychoneuroendocrinology 7 217 221
31. KC Montgomery 1955 The relationship between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory behaviour J Comp Physiol Psychol 48 254 260
32. EB Ottoni 2000 Ethology 2.2: a tool for the transcription and timing of behavior observation sessions Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 32 446 449
33. V Patin B Lordi A Vincent J Caston 2005 Effects of prenatal stress on anxiety and social interactions in adult rats Brain Res Dev Brain Res 160 265 274
34. S Pellow P Chopin SE File M Briley 1985 Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat J Neurosci Methods 14 149 167
35. RJ Rodgers 1997 Animal models of 'anxiety': where next? Behav Pharmacol 8 477 496 discussion 497-504
36. RJ Rodgers A Dalvi 1997 Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21 801 810
37. RJ Rodgers NJ Johnson 1995 Factor analysis of spatiotemporal and ethological measures in the murine elevated plus-maze test of anxiety Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52 297 303
38. RJ Rodgers JK Shepherd 1993 Influence of prior maze experience on behaviour and response to diazepam in the elevated plus-maze and light/dark tests of anxiety in mice Psychopharmacology (Berl) 113 237 242
39. RJ Rodgers NJ Johnson AJ Champion S Mills 1996 Modulation of plus-maze behaviour in mice by the preferential D3-receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54 79 84
40. RJ Rodgers NJ Johnson JC Cole CV Dewar GR Kidd PH Kimpson 1996 Plus-maze retest profile in mice: importance of initial stages of trial 1 and response to post-trial cholinergic receptor blockade Pharmacol Biochem Behav 54 41 50
41. RJ Rodgers NJ Johnson J Carr TP Hodgson 1997 Resistance of experientially-induced changes in murine plus-maze behaviour to altered retest conditions Behav Brain Res 86 71 77
42. RJ Rodgers J Haller A Holmes J Halasz TJ Walton PF Brain 1999 Corticosterone response to the plus-maze: high correlation with risk assessment in rats and mice Physiol Behav 68 47 53
43. V Roy P Chapillon 2002 The positive effects of postnatal handling on defensive burying are more obvious in a situation that enlarge the potential coping responses Behav Brain Res 136 67 73
44. V Roy P Chapillon 2004 Further evidences that risk assessment and object exploration behaviours are useful to evaluate emotional reactivity in rodents Behav Brain Res 154 439 448
45. V Roy L Lointier P Chapillon 2003 The emotional reactivity increase at mid-pregnancy is attenuated in female rats handled during their infancy Behav Brain Res 145 23 30
46. D Treit J Menard C Royan 1993 Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44 463 469
47. SM Weiss G Wadsworth A Fletcher CT Dourish 1998 Utility of ethological analysis to overcome locomotor confounds in elevated maze models of anxiety Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23 265 271