Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapour cell using bright atomic resonances

Nature Physics

Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 819-824

  Sedlacek, Jonathon A ^a   Schwettmann, Arne ^a   Kübler, Harald ^a,b   Löw, Robert ^b   Pfau, Tilman ^b   Shaffer, James P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROMETERS; MAGNETOMETRY;

ATOMIC RESONANCES; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY-INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; MICROWAVE ELECTRIC FIELD; PHYSICAL QUANTITIES; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; REPRODUCIBILITIES; RUBIDIUM ATOMS; RYDBERG ATOMS;

ATOMS;

EID: 84868705313     PISSN: 17452473     EISSN: 17452481     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2423     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Hall, J. L. Nobel lecture: Defining and measuring optical frequencies. Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1279-1295 (2006). (Pubitemid 44790508)
2. Savukov, I. M., Seltzer, S. J., Romalis, M. V. & Sauer, K. L. Tunable atomic magnetometer for detection of radio-frequency magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 063004 (2005).
3. Balabas, M. V., Karaulanov, T., Ledbetter, M. P. & Budker, D. Polarized alkali-metal vapor with minute-long transverse spin-relaxation time. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 070801 (2010).
4. Wasilewski, W. et al. Quantum noise limited and entanglement-assisted magnetometry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 133601 (2010).
5. Koschorreck, M., Napolitano, M., Dubost, B. & Mitchell, M. W. Sub-projection-noise sensitivity in broadband atomic magnetometry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 093602 (2010).
6. Hanneke, D., Fogwell, S. & Gabrielse, G. New measurement of the electron magnetic moment and the fine structure constant. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 120801 (2008).
7. Tishchenko, V. A., Tokatly, V. I. & Luk'yanov, V. I. The beginning of the metrology of radio frequency electromagnetic fields and the first standards of electric field strength. Meas. Tech. 46, 76-84 (2003).
8. Kanda, M. & Orr, R. D. Generation of standard electromagnetic fields in a TEM cell. NBS Technical note 1319 (1988).
9. Kanda, M. Standard probes for electromagnetic field measurements. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 41, 1349-1364 (1993).
10. Kanda, M. Standard antennas for electromagnetic interference measurements and methods to calibrate them. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 36, 261-273 (1994).
11. Mal'ter, I. G., Pavlovskii, O. P., Korshunov, V. A. & Voronov, V. L. Russian and foreign millimeter band radio measuring instruments. Meas. Tech. 52, 997-1005 (2009).
12. Tishchenko, V. A., Tokalty, V. I. & Luk'yanov, V. I. Upgrading radio frequency electromagnetic field standards part I. Meas. Tech. 46, 796-801 (2003). (Pubitemid 38087471)
13. Tishchenko, V. A., Tokalty, V. I. & Luk'yanov, V. I. Upgrading radio frequency electromagnetic field standards part II. Meas. Tech. 46, 903-911 (2003). (Pubitemid 39017890)
14. Electro-optical Sensor for Detecting Electric Fields; http://www.kyosemi.co.jp/en/.
15. Sriram, S., Kingsley, S. A. & Boyd, J. T. Electro-optical sensor for detecting electric fields. US patent 5,267,336 (1992).
16. Camparo, J. C. Atomic stabilization of electromagnetic field strength using Rabi resonances. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 222-225 (1998). (Pubitemid 128621922)
17. Swan-Wood, T., Coffer, J. G. & Camparo, J. C. Precision measurements of absorption and refractive index using an atomic candle. IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 50, 1229-1233 (2001). (Pubitemid 33105983)
18. Gordon, J. A., Holloway, C. L., Jefferts, S. & Heavner, T. 2010 Int. Symp. on Electromagnetic Compatibility 321-324 (2010).
19. Kübler, H., Shaffer, J. P., Baluksian, T., Löw, R. & Pfau, T. Coherent excitation of Rydberg atoms in micrometre-sized atomic vapour cells. Nature Photon. 4, 112-116 (2010).
20. Fleischhauer, M., Imamoglu, A. & Marangos, J. P. Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 633-673 (2005). (Pubitemid 41491332)
21. Mohapatra, A. K., Jackson, T. R. & Adams, C. S. Coherent optical detection of highly excited Rydberg states using electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 113003 (2007).
22. Bason, M. G. et al. Enhanced electric field sensitivity of rf-dressed Rydberg dark states. New J. Phys. 12, 065015 (2010).
23. Tanasittikosol, M. et al. Microwave dressing of Rydberg dark states. J. Phys. B 44, 184020 (2011).
24. Gallagher, T. F. Rydberg Atoms 1st edn (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994).
25. Herrmann, P. P., Hoffnagle, J., Schlumpf, N., Telegdi, V. L. & Weis, A. Stark spectroscopy of forbidden two-photon transitions: A sensitive probe for the quantitative measurement of small electric fields. J. Phys. B 19, 1271-1280 (1986).
26. Schramm, A. et al. Laser photoelectron attachment to molecules in a skimmed supersonic beam: Diagnostics of weak electric fields and attachment cross sections down to 20-eV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 778-781 (1998). (Pubitemid 128628647)
27. Tauschinsky, A., Thijssen, R. M. T., Whitlock, S., van Linden van den Heuvell, H. B. & Spreeuw, R. J. C. Spatially resolved excitation of Rydberg atoms and surface effects on an atom chip. Phys. Rev. A 81, 063411 (2010).
28. Frey, M. T., Ling, X., Lindsay, B. G., Smith, K. A. & Dunning, F. B. Use of the Stark effect to minimize residual electric fields in an experimental volume. Rev. Sci. Instum. 64, 3649-3650 (1993).
29. Osterwalder, A. & Merkt, F. Using high Rydberg states as electric field sensors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1831-1834 (1999). (Pubitemid 129571909)
30. Auzinsh, M., Jayasinghe, L., Oelke, L., Ferber, R. & Shafer-Ray, N. Strobe imaging of electric fields by depolarization of Rydberg states of Hg. J. Phys. D 34, 1933-1938 (2001). (Pubitemid 32637020)
31. Figger, H., Leuchs, G., Straubinger, R. & Walther, H. A photon detector for submillimetre wavelengths using Rydberg atoms. Opt. Commun. 33, 37-41 (1980). (Pubitemid 11426772)
32. Goy, P. et al. Rydberg atom masers. II. Triggering by external radiation and applications to millimeter-wave detectors. Phys. Rev. A 27, 2065-2081 (1983).
33. Arora, B., Safronova, M. S. & Clark, C. W. Determination of electric dipole matrix elements in K and Rb from Stark shift measurements. Phys. Rev. A 76, 052516 (2007).
34. Li, W., Mourachko, I., Noel, M. W. & Gallagher, T. F. Millimeter-wave spectroscopy of cold Rb Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap: Quantum defects of the ns, np, and nd series. Phys. Rev. A 67, 052502 (2003).
35. Mack, M. et al. Measurement of absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb to nS and nD Rydberg states by means of electromagnetically induced transparency. Phys. Rev. A 83, 052515 (2011).
36. Steck, D. A. Rubidium 87 D line data. available online at http://steck.us//alkalidata (Revision 2.1.4,23 December 2010).
37. HP 8340B, HP 8341B Synthesized Sweepers, Hewlett-Packard Company, 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway, Santa Rosa, CA (1986).
38. Piotrowicz, M. J. et al. Measurement of the electric dipole moments for transitions to Rubidium Rydberg states via Autler-Townes splitting. New J. Phys. 13, 093012 (2011).
39. Schwettmann, A., Crawford, J., Overstreet, K. R. & Shaffer, J. P. Cold Cs Rydberg-gas interactions. Phys. Rev. A 74, 020701 (2006).
40. Thomas, J. E. & Quivers, W. W. Transit-time effects in optically pumped coupled three-level systems. Phys. Rev. A 22, 2115-2121 (1980).