Occurrence and human exposure of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (Parabens), bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their hydrolysis products in indoor dust from the United States and three east Asian countries

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 46, Issue 21, 2012, Pages 11584-11593

  Wang, Lei ^a,b   Liao, Chunyang ^a   Liu, Fang ^a   Wu, Qian ^a   Guo, Ying ^a   Moon, Hyo Bang ^c   Nakata, Haruhiko ^d   Kannan, Kurunthachalam ^a,e  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b NANKAI UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c Hanyang University   (South Korea)

^d KUMAMOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^e HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS; ASIAN COUNTRIES; BISPHENOL-A-DIGLYCIDYL ETHERS; DAILY INTAKE; DUST INGESTION; DUST SAMPLES; EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES; FOOD PACKAGE; GEOMETRIC MEAN; HUMAN EXPOSURES; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; INDOOR DUST; MATERIAL COATINGS; NANOGRAMS; P-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; PARABENS; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TARGET COMPOUND;

DUST; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; ETHERS;

HYDROLYSIS;

2,2 BIS(4 GLYCIDYLOXYPHENYL)PROPANE; 4 HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID ESTER; 4,4' ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER;

AIR SAMPLING; DUST; ESTER; FOOD INTAKE; HEALTH RISK; HYDROLYSIS; INDOOR AIR; PHENOLIC COMPOUND; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ARTICLE; ASIA; ASIAN; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHINA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; INDOOR DUST; INGESTION; JAPAN; KOREA; QUALITY CONTROL; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; BENZHYDRYL COMPOUNDS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHINA; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EPOXY COMPOUNDS; HUMANS; HYDROLYSIS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; JAPAN; PARABENS; REPUBLIC OF KOREA; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

CHINA; JAPAN; KOREA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84868598007     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es303516u     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Kavlock, R. J. Research needs for risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: A review of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop Environ. Health Perspect. 1996, 104, 715-740
2. U.S. EPA. Special report on environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis. Office of Research and Development, EPA/630/R-96/012, Washington D.C. 1997, [cited July 23, 2012]; Available from: http://www.epa.gov/raf/publications/pdfs/ENDOCRINE.PDF
3. USEPA. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development C. 2011, [cited July 23, 2012]; Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/ efh-complete.pdf.
4. Halden, R. U. Plastics and health risks Annu. Rev. Publ. Health 2010, 31, 179-194
5. Dodson, R. E.; Nishioka, M.; Standley, L. J.; Perovich, L. J.; Brody, J. G.; Rudel, R. A. Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120, 935-943
6. Harrad, S.; de Wit, C. A.; Abdallah, M. A.; Bergh, C.; Björklund, J. A.; Covaci, A.; Darnerud, P. O.; de Boer, J.; Diamond, M.; Huber, S.; Leonards, P.; Mandalakis, M.; Ostman, C.; Haug, L. S.; Thomsen, C.; Webster, T. F. Indoor contamination with hexabromocyclododecanes, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and perfluoroalkyl compounds: An important exposure pathway for people? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3221-3231
7. Rudel, R. A.; Dodson, R. E.; Perovich, L. J.; Morello-Frosch, R.; Camann, D. E.; Zuniga, M. M.; Yau, A. Y.; Just, A. C.; Brody, J. G. Semivolatile endocrine-disrupting compounds in paired indoor and outdoor air in two northern California communities Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 6583-6590
8. Guo, G.; Kannan, K. Comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from house dust in China and the United States Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 3788-3794
9. Loganathan, S. N.; Kannan, K. Occurrence of bisphenol A in indoor dust from two locations in the eastern United States Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2011, 61, 68-73
10. Rudel, R. A.; Camann, D. E.; Spengler, J. D.; Korn, L. R.; Brody, J. G. Phthalates, alkylphenols, pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and other endocrine-disrupting compounds in indoor air and dust Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 4543-4553
11. Soni, M. G.; Carabin, I. G.; Buradock, G. A. Safety assessment of esters of p -hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) Food Chem. Toxicol. 2005, 43, 985-1015
12. SCCS. Clarification on Opinion SCCS/1348/10 in the light of the Danish clause of safeguard banning the use of parabens in cosmetic products intended for children under three years of age. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), 2011. [cited July 23, 2012]; Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ scientific-committees/consumer-safety/docs/ sccs-o-069.pdf
13. JECFA. 17th Report of the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 539. 1974.
14. Darbre, P. D.; Aljarrah, A.; Miller, W. R.; Coldham, N. G.; Sauer, M. J.; Pope, G. S. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumors J. Appl. Toxicol. 2004, 24, 5-13
15. Golden, R.; Gandy, J.; Vollmer, G. A review of the endocrine activity of parabens and implications for potential risks to human health Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2005, 35, 435-458
16. Routledge, E. J.; Parker, J.; Odum, J.; Ashby, J.; Sumpter, J. P. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1998, 153, 12-19
17. Miller, D.; Wheals, B. B.; Beresford, N.; Sumpter, J. P. Estrogenic activity of phenolic additives determined by an in vitro yeast bioassay Environ. Health Perspect. 2001, 109, 133-138
18. Nishihara, T.; Nishikawa, J.; Kanayama, T.; Dakeyama, F.; Saito, K.; Imagawa, M.; Takatori, S.; Kitagawa, Y.; Hori, S.; Utsumi, H. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay J. Health Sci. 2000, 46, 282-298
19. Vinggaard, A. M.; Korner, W.; Lund, K. H.; Bolz, U.; Petersen, J. H. Identification and quantification of estrogenic compounds in recycled and virgin paper for household use as determined by an in vitro yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2000, 13, 1214-1222
20. Byford, J. R.; Shaw, L. E.; Drew, M. G. B.; Pope, G. S.; Sauer, M. J.; Darbre, P. D. Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells J. Steroid Biochem. 2002, 80, 49-60
21. Darbre, P. D.; Byford, J. R.; Shaw, L. E.; Hall, S.; Coldham, N. G.; Pope, G. S.; Sauer, M. J. Oestrogenic activity of benzyl paraben J. Appl. Toxicol. 2003, 23, 43-51
22. Okubo, T.; Yokoyama, Y.; Kano, K.; Kano, I. ER-dependent estrogenic activity of parabens assessed by proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and expression of ERα and PR Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001, 39, 1225-1232
23. Oishi, S. Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002, 40, 1807-1813
24. Oishi, S. Effects of butyl paraben on the male reproductive system in mice Arch. Toxicol. 2002, 76, 423-429
25. Ramilo, G.; Valverde, I.; Lago, J.; Vieites, J. M.; Cabado, A. G. Cytotoxic effects of BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) and BFDGE (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether) on Caco-2 cells in vitro Arch. Toxicol. 2006, 80, 748-755
26. May, C. A. Epoxy Resins Chemistry and Technology; Marcel Dekker: New York; 1988.
27. The Commission of the European Communities (CEC). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1895/2005 of 18 November 2005 on the restriction of use of certain epoxy derivatives in materials and articles intended to come into contact with food (Text with EEA relevance). 2005. [cited July 23, 2012]; Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2005:302:0028:0028: EN:PDF
28. Suárez, S.; Sueiro, R. A.; Garrido, J. Genotoxicity of the coating lacquer on food cans, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis products and a chlorohydrin of BADGE Mutat. Res. 2000, 470, 221-228
29. Nakazawa, H.; Yamaguchi, A.; Inoue, K.; Yamazaki, T.; Kato, K.; Yoshimura, Y.; Makino, T. In vitro assay of hydrolysis and chlorohydroxy derivatives of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether for estrogenic activity Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002, 40, 1827-1832
30. Satoh, K.; Ohyama, K.; Aoki, N.; Iida, M.; Nagai, F. Study on anti-androgenic effects of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives using cells stably transfected with human androgen receptor, AR-EcoScreen Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42, 983-993
31. Vanhoutte, K.; Joos, P.; Lemière, F.; van Dongen, W.; Esmans, E. L.; Claeys, M.; van den Eeckhout, E. Thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the DNA adducts formed between 2′-deoxynucleosides and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether J. Mass Spectrom. 1995, 30, 1453-1461
32. Hyoung, U. J.; Yang, Y. J.; Kwon, S. K.; Yoo, J. H.; Myoung, S. C.; Kim, S. C.; Hong, Y. P. Developmental toxicity by exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether during gestation and lactation period in Sprague-Dawley male rats J. Prev. Med. Public Health 2007, 40, 155-161
33. Poole, A.; van Herwijnen, P.; Weideli, H.; Thomas, M. C.; Ransbotyn, G.; Vance, C. Review of the toxicology, human exposure and safety assessment for bisphenol A diglycidylether (BADGE) Food Addit. Contam. 2004, 21, 905-919
34. Schmalz, G.; Preiss, A.; Arenholt-Bindslev, D. Bisphenol-A content of resin monomers and related degradation products Clin. Oral Invest. 1999, 3, 114-119
35. Sendón García, R.; Paseiro Losada, P. Determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its hydrolysis and chlorohydroxy derivatives by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry J. Chromatogr., A 2004, 1032, 37-43
36. Søeborg, T.; Hansen, S. H.; Halling-Sørensen, B. Determination of bisphenol diglycidyl ethers in topical dosage forms J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2006, 40, 322-330
37. Losada, P. P.; Lozano, J. S.; Abuín, S. P.; Mahía, P. L.; Gandara, J. S. Kinetics of the hydrolysis of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in water-based food stimulants Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1993, 345, 527-532
38. Brausch, J. M.; Rand, G. M. A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: Environmental concentrations and toxicity Chemosphere 2011, 82, 1518-1532
39. Blaug, S. M.; Grant, D. E. Kinetics of degradation of parabens J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 1974, 25, 495-506
40. Valkova, N.; Lépine, F.; Valeanu, L.; Dupont, M.; Labrie, L.; Bisaillon, J. G.; Beaudet, R.; Shareck, F.; Villemur, R. Hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and their aerobic transformation into phenol by the resistant Enterobacter cloacae strain EM Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2001, 67, 2404-2409
41. Gatidou, G.; Thomaidis, N. S.; Stasinakis, A. S.; Lekkas, T. D. Simultaneous determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, triclosan and bisphenol A in wastewater and sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J. Chromatogr., A 2007, 1138, 32-41
42. Global Insight, Inc. A study of the European cosmetics industry. 2007. [cited September 23, 2012]; Available from: http://edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/ daten/edz-h/gdb/07/study-eu-cosmetics-industry.pdf
43. U.S. Commercial Service South Korea. Medical, health and cosmetics products in South Korea, cosmetics industry in South Korea. [cited September 23, 2012]; Available from: http://www.globaltrade.net/f/market-research/text/South- Korea/Hygiene-Cosmetics-Health-Medical-Equipment-Cosmetics-Industry-in-South- Korea.html
44. Ramírez, N.; Marcé, R. M.; Borrull, F. Determination of parabens in house dust by pressurised hot water extraction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry J. Chromatogr., A 2011, 1218, 6226-6231
45. Liao, C.; Liu, F.; Guo, Y.; Moon, H. B.; Nakata, H.; Wu, Q.; Kannan, K. Occurrence of eight bisphenol analogues in indoor dust from the United States and several asian countries: implications for human exposure Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 9138-9145
46. Ye, X.; Bishop, A. M.; Reidy, J. A.; Needham, L. L.; Calafat, A. M. Parabens as urinary biomarkers of exposure in humans Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 1843-1846
47. Frederiksen, H.; Jørgensen, N.; Andersson, A. M. Parabens in urine, serum and seminal plasma from healthy Danish men determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 2011, 21, 262-271
48. Dionisi, G.; Oldring, P. K. Joint Industry Group (JIG). Estimates of per capita exposure to substances migrating from canned foods and beverages Food Addit. Contam. 2002, 19, 891-903
49. Consulting & Advisory Ltd. China Food Market 2010. [cited July 23, 2012]; Available from: http://www.jjica.com/pdf/Canned-food-market-2010.pdf