Creating a Flexible Organizational Culture to Attract and Retain Talented Workers Across Generations

Advances in Developing Human Resources

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 607-625

  Eversole, Barbara A W ^a   Venneberg, Donald L ^b   Crowder, Cindy L ^a  

^a INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

multigenerational workforce; workplace flexibility

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868028417     PISSN: 15234223     EISSN: 15523055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1523422312455612     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Ahlrichs N. S.Managing the generations differently to improve performance and profitability.Employee Relations Today. 2007;34 (1): 21-31.
2. Anderson S. E.,Coffey B. S.,Byerly R. T.Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job related outcomes.Journal of Management. 2002;28:787-811.
3. Atchley R. C.,Barusch A. S.Social forces and aging: An introduction to social gerontology. 2004). Social forces and aging: An introduction to social gerontology (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning; 2004:.
4. Bailyn L.Breaking the mold: Women, men, and time in the new corporate world. New York, NY: The Free Press; 1993:.
5. Bankert E. C.,Googins B. K.Family-friendly: Says who?.Across the Board. 1996;33 (7): 45-49.
6. Barnett R. C.Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature.Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs. 1998;124 (2): 125-182.
7. Batt R.,Valcour P. M.Human resource practices as predictors of work-family outcomes and employee turnover.Industrial Relations. 2003;42:189-220.
8. Beekman T.Fill in the generation gap.Strategic Finance. 2011;93 (3): 15-17.
9. Blair-Loy M.,Wharton A. S.Employees' use of work-family policies and the workplace social context.Social Forces. 2002;80:813-845.
10. Bruce W.,Reed C.Preparing supervisors for the future workforce-the dual-income couple and the work-family dichotomy.Public Administration Review. 1994;54 (1): 36-43.
11. Bunch K. J.Training failure as a consequence of organizational culture.Human Resource Development Review. 2007;6:142-163.
12. Older workers: Are there older people in the workforce?. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2008:.
13. Burke W. W.Organization development: A process of learning and changing. Reading, UK: Addison-Wesley; 2002:.
14. Carnevale A.,Fry R.The economic and demographic roots of education and training. Washington, DC: Center for Workforce Success and National Center on Education and the Economy; 2001:.
15. Casper W. J.,Harris C. M.Work-life benefits and organizational attachment: Self-interest utility and signaling theory models.Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2008;72:95-109.
16. Challenger J. A.The coming labor shortage.Futurist. 2003;37:24-28.
17. Charles K. K.,Decicca P.Hours flexibility and retirement.Economic Inquiry. 2007;45:251-267.
18. Clark S. C.Communicating across the work/home border.Community, Work and Family. 2002;5:23-49.
19. Collins M. H.,Hair J. F.,Rocco T. S.The older-worker-younger-supervisor dyad: A test of the reverse Pygmalion effect.Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2009;20:21-41.
20. New opportunities for older workers: A statement by the research and policy committee of the Committee for Economic Development. New York, NY: Author; 1999:.
21. Business impacts for flexibility: An imperative for expansion. Washington, DC: Author; 2005:.
22. Diehl M.The self and society in aging processes. Ryff C.Marshall V. W., ed. New York, NY: Springer; 1999:150-183.
23. Dychtwald K.Age power: How the 21st century will be ruled by the new old. New York, NY: Tarcher/Putnam; 1999:.
24. Building the business case for workplace flexibility. Edelman K. A., ed. New York, NY: The Conference Board; 1996:.
25. Erikson E. H.The life cycle completed. New York, NY: Norton; 1997:.
26. Erikson E. H.,Erikson J. M.,Kivnick H. Q.Vital involvement in old age. New York, NY: Norton; 1986:.
27. Evans P. A. L.,Bartolome F.Must success cost so much?. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1990:.
28. Fornes S. L.,Rocco T. S.,Wollard K. K.Workplace commitment: A conceptual model developed from integrative review of the research.Human Resource Development Review. 2008;7:339-357.
29. Fredriksen-Goldsen K. I.,Scharlach A. E.Families and work: New directions in the twenty-first century. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001:.
30. Friedman D. E.Family supportive policies: The corporate decision-making process. New York, NY: The Conference Board; 1987:.
31. Friedman S. D.,Christensen P.,DeGroot J.Work and life: The end of the zero-sum game.Harvard Business Review. 1998;76 (6): 119-129.
32. Friedman S. D.,Greenhaus J. H.Work and family - allies or enemies?: What happens when business professionals confront life choices. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2000:.
33. Geiger K.Avoiding a culture clash.Across the Board. 1993;30 (3): 49.
34. Golden L.Flexible work schedules: Which workers get them?.American Behavioral Scientist. 2001;44:1157-1178.
35. Googins B. K.Work/family conflicts: Private lives-public responses. New York, NY: Auburn House; 1991:.
36. Greenleaf R. K.Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press; 2002:.
37. Hall D. T.Moving beyond the "mommy track:" An organizational change approach.Personnel. 1989;66 (12): 23-29.
38. Hall D. T.,Parker V. A.The role of workplace flexibility in managing diversity.Organizational Dynamics. 1993;22 (1): 4-18.
39. Halpern D. F.How time-flexible work policies can reduce stress, improve health, and save money.Stress and Health. 2005;21:157-168.
40. Harris P.Flexible work policies mean business.Training & Development. 2007;61 (4): 32-36.
41. Helman R.,Greenwald M.,Copeland C.,VanDerhei J.The 2009 retirement confidence survey: Economy drives confidence to record lows; Many looking to work longer. Washington, DC: Employee Benefit Research Institute; 2009:.
42. Herman R. E.,Olivo T. G.,Gioia J. L.Impending crisis: Too many jobs too few people. Winchester, VA: Oakhill Press; 2003:.
43. Hewlett S. A.,Sherbin L.,Sumberg K.How Gen Y and Boomers will reshape your agenda.Harvard Business Review. 2009;87:76.
44. Hines A.A dozen surprises about the future of work.Employment Relations Today. 2011;38 (1): 1-15.
45. Horning K. H.,Gerhard A.,Michailow M.Time pioneers: Flexible working time and new lifestyles. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; 1995:.
46. Hopkins K.Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives. Kossek E. E.Lambert S. J., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2005:445-468.
47. Howe N.,Strauss W.13th Gen; Abort, retry, ignore, fail. New York, NY: Vintage Books; 1993:.
48. Howe N.,Strauss W.Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York, NY: Vintage Books; 2000:.
49. Jacobs J. A.,Gerston K.The time divide: Work, family, and gender inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2004:.
50. Jang S. J.The relationships of flexible work schedules, workplace support, supervisory support, work-life balance, and the well-being of working parents.Journal of Social Service Research. 2009;35:93-104.
51. Karp H.,Fuller C.,Sirias D.Bridging the Boomer-Xer gap: Creating authentic teams for high performance at work. Palo Alto, CA: Davis-Black; 2002:.
52. Kelliher C.,Anderson D.Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work.Human Relations. 2010;63:83-106.
53. Kelly E. L.,Dahlin E. C.,Spencer D.,Moen P.Making sense of a mess: Phased retirement policies and practices in the United States.Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health. 2008;23:147-164.
54. Kofodimos J.Beyond work-family programs: Confronting and resolving the underlying causes of work-personal life conflict. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership; 1995:.
55. Kormanik M. B.,Rocco T. S.Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review of the locus of control construct.Human Resource Development Review. 2009;8:463-483.
56. Kossek E. E.,Lee M. D.Implementing a reduced-workload arrangement to retain high talent: A case study.Psychologist-Manager Journal. 2008;11:49-64.
57. Kossek E. E.,Noe R. A.,DeMarr B. J.Work-family role synthesis: Individual and organizational determinants.International Journal of Conflict Management. 1999;10 (2): 102-129.
58. Laabs J. J.They want more support-inside and outside of work.Workforce. 1998;77 (11): 54-56.
59. Lancaster L. C.,Stillman D.From a gold clock to founder's stock: Rewarding the generations.Potentials. 2002;35 (5): 26.
60. Lautsch B. A.,Kossek E. E.,Eaton S. C.Supervisory approaches and paradoxes in managing telecommuting implementation.Human Relations. 2009;62:795-827.
61. Lauzun H. M.,Morganson V. J.,Major D. A.,Green A. P.Seeking work-life balance: Employees' requests, supervisors' responses, and organizational barriers.Psychologist-Manager Journal. 2010;13 (3): 184-205.
62. Lerman R. I.,Schmidt S. R.An overview of economic, social and demographic trends affecting the US labor market. Washington, DC: Urban Institute; 2002:.
63. Mackavey M. G.,Levin R. J.Shared purpose: Working together to build strong families and high-performance companies. New York, NY: AMACOM; 1998:.
64. Magid R. Y.The work and family challenge: No ordinary employees no ordinary managers. New York, NY: American Management Association; 1990:.
65. Maltby T.The future of older workers. Loretto W.Vickerstaff S.White P., ed. Bristol, UK: Policy Press; 2007:161-183.
66. Marshall V. W.,Mueller M. M.Rethinking social policy for an aging workforce and society: Insights from the life course perspective. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Canadian Policy Research Networks; 2002:.
67. Martin C. A.From high maintenance to high productivity: What managers need to know about Generation Y.Industrial and Commercial Training. 2005;37 (1): 39-45.
68. McMurray A. J.,Scott D. R.,Pace R. W.The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational climate in manufacturing.Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2004;15:473-488.
69. Melchar D. E.,Bosco S. M.Achieving organizational performance through servant leadership.Journal of Business Inquiry: Research, Education and Applications. 2010;9:74-88.
70. Montenegro X.,Fisher L.,Remez S.Staying ahead of the curve: The AARP work and career study conducted for AARP by Roper ASW. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons; 2002:.
71. Morris B.,Curry S. R.,Warner M.Is your family wrecking your career?.Fortune. 1997;135 (5): 70-80.
72. Mosely J. L.,Dessinger J. C.Training older workers and learners: Maximizing the performance of an aging workforce. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer; 2007:.
73. O'Daniell E. E.Energizing corporate culture and creating competitive advantage: A new look at workforce programs.Benefits Quarterly. 1999;15 (2): 18-25.
74. Olshansky S. J.,Goldman D. F.,Zheng Y.,Rowe J. W.Aging in America in the twenty-first century: Demographic forecasts from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an aging society.The Milbank Quarterly. 2009;87:842-862.
75. Overman S.Make family-friendly initiatives fly.HR Focus. 1999;76 1 (7): 14-15.
76. PayneJ. W. (2006). Cross-generational issues in organizations. Boston, MA: Work-Family Encyclopedia, Sloan Work and Family Researchers Network, Boston College. Retrieved from www.wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia_entry.php?id=4156&area=academics.
77. PennerR. G.PerunP.SteuerleE. (2002). Legal and institutional impediments to partial retirement and part-time work by older workers. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=410587.
78. Perlow L. A.Putting the work back into work/family.Group & Organization Management. 1995;20:227-239.
79. Pitt-Catsouphes M.Between a twentieth- and a twenty-first-century workforce: Employers at the tipping point.Generations. 2007;31 (1): 50-56.
80. Prince M.Work culture at heart of work/family programs.Business Insurance. 1998;32 (43): 72.
81. Raabe P.,Gessner J. C.Employer family-supportive policies: Diverse variations on the theme.Family Relations. 1988;37:196-202.
82. Rapoport R.,Bailyn L.Relinking life and work: Toward a better future. New York, NY: The Ford Foundation; 1996:.
83. Rau B. L.,Adams G. A.Attracting retirees to apply: Desired organizational characteristics of bridge employment.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2005;26:649-660.
84. Reynolds J.When too much is not enough: Actual and preferred work hours in the United States and abroad.Sociological Forum. 2004;19:89-120.
85. Richman A. L.,Civian J. T.,Shannon L. L.,Hill E. J.,Brennan R. T.The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention.Community, Work, & Family. 2008;11:183-197.
86. Rocco T. S.,Stein D.,Lee C.An exploratory examination of the literature on age and HRD policy development.Human Resource Development Review. 2003;2:155-180.
87. Rodgers C. S.The flexible workplace: What have we learned?.Human Resource Management. 1992;31 (3): 183-199.
88. Rubis L.Corporate culture hinders use of work/life benefits.HR Magazine. 1998;43 (6): 24-28.
89. Sampath R.Gen Y to require new recruiting strategies, organization reshaping.Natural Gas and Electricity. 2007;24 (4): 1-27.
90. Scott M. B.Company culture must support work/life initiatives.Employee Benefit Plan Review. 1997;52 (3): 33-34.
91. Seitel S.Benefits of integrated training to balance work and family responsibilities.HR Focus. 1998;75 (8): S8.
92. Sladek C.A guide to offering work-life benefits.Compensation & Benefits Review. 1995;27 (1): 41-46.
93. Smith D. M.Company benefits and policies are only a start to becoming "family-friendly.".Employee Benefit Plan Review. 1992;46 (9): 10-16.
94. Smith J. S.,Gardner D.Factors affecting employee use of work-life balance initiatives.New Zealand Journal of Psychology. 2007;36:3-12.
95. Smola K. W.,Sutton D.Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium.Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2002;23:363-382.
96. Solomon C. M.Workers want a life! Do managers care?.Workforce. 1999;78 (8): 54-57.
97. Starrels M. E.The evolution of workplace family policy research.Journal of Family Issues. 1992;13:259-278.
98. Stebbins L. F.Work and family in America: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio; 2001:.
99. Stein D.,Rocco T.,Goldenetz K.Age and the university workplace: A case study of remaining, retiring and returning older workers.Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2000;11:61-80.
100. StorkD.WilsonF.BowlesA. W.SproullJ.VenaJ. (2005). The new workforce reality: Insights for today, implications for tomorrow. Boston, MA: Simmons School of Management and Bright Horizons Family Solutions. Retrieved from http://www.simmons.edu/som/docs/centers/workforce_reality_study.pdf.
101. Strauss W.,Howe N.Generations: The history of America's future. 1584-2069. New York, NY: William Morrow; 1991:.
102. TahminciogluE. (2007, May10). The quiet revolution: Telecommuting. Retrieved from www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20281475/print/1/displaymode/1098/.
103. Thompson C. A.,Beauvais L. L.,Lyness K. S.When work-family benefits are not enough: the influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict.Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1999;54:392-415.
104. Toosi M.A new look at long term labor force projections to 2050.Monthly Labor Review. 2006;129:19-39.
105. Twenge J. M.Generation me: Why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled and more miserable than ever before. Palo Alto, CA: Free Press; 2006:.
106. Vincola A.Cultural change is the work/life solution.Workforce. 1998;77 (10): 70-73.
107. Vinod S.,Sudhakar B.Servant leadership: A unique art of leadership.Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 2011;2 (11): 456-467.
108. Vroom V. H.Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley; 1964:.
109. Watkins K. E.Changing managers' defensive reasoning about work/family conflicts.Journal of Management Development. 1995;14 (2): 77-88.
110. Yang S.-B.,Guy M. E.Genxers versus Boomers: Work motivators and management implications.Public Performance & Management Review. 2006;29:267-284.
111. Zempke R.,Raines C.,Filipczak P.Generations at work: Managing the clash of veterans, Boomers, Xers and Nexters in your workplace. New York, NY: AMACOM; 2000:.