메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 140, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 3300-3326

The impact of forcing datasets on the high-resolution simulation of tropical storm ivan (2004) in the southern appalachians

Author keywords

Hurricanes typhoons; Mesoscale models; Model evaluation performance; Mountain meteorology; North America; Tropical cyclones

Indexed keywords

ALABAMA; APPALACHIANS; DATA SETS; FORCED SIMULATION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; HIGH RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; MESOSCALE MODEL; MODEL EVALUATION; NORTH AMERICA; NORTH AMERICAN; RAIN GAUGES; RAINBANDS; REANALYSIS; SATELLITE DATA; SPATIAL FILTERINGS; STORM STRUCTURE; SURFACE ROUGHNESS LENGTH; SURFACE WIND FIELDS; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPICAL STORMS; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS;

EID: 84867963742     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: 15200493     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00345.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 32444440675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the downscaling ability of a one-way nested regional climate model in regions of complex topography
    • Antic, S., R. Laprise, B. Denis, and R. de Elía, 2006: Testing the downscaling ability of a one-way nested regional climate model in regions of complex topography. Climate Dyn.,26,305-325.
    • (2006) Climate Dyn. , vol.26 , pp. 305-325
    • Antic, S.1    Laprise, R.2    Denis, B.3    Deelía, R.4
  • 2
    • 0020969818 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale and convective structure of a hurricane rainband
    • Barnes, G. M., E. J. Zipser, D. Jorgensen, and F. Marks Jr., 1983:Mesoscale and convective structure of a hurricane rainband.J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2125-2137.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2125-2137
    • Barnes, G.M.1    Zipser, E.J.2    Jorgensen, D.3    Marks, F.4
  • 3
    • 14344258777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing orographic controls in the Himalayas during the monsoon using satellite imagery
    • Barros, A. P., G. Kim, E. Williams, and S. W. Nesbitt, 2004:Probing orographic controls in the Himalayas during the monsoon using satellite imagery. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.,4, 29-51.
    • (2004) Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 29-51
    • Barros, A.P.1    Kim, G.2    Williams, E.3    Nesbitt, S.W.4
  • 4
    • 84875000194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From weather to climate-Seasonal and interannual variability of storms and implications for erosion processes in the Himalaya
    • Geological Society of America SpecialPaper
    • Barros, A. P., S. Chiao, T. J. Lang, D. Burbank, and J. Putkonen, 2006:From weather to climate-Seasonal and interannual variability of storms and implications for erosion processes in the Himalaya. Tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution, Geological Society of America Special Paper 398, 17-38.
    • (2006) Tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution , vol.398 , pp. 17-38
    • Barros, A.P.1    Chiao, S.2    Lang, T.J.3    Burbank, D.4    Putkonen, J.5
  • 5
    • 78650001118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General circulation of LakeSuperior: Mean, variability, and trends from 1979 to 2006
    • C12015,doi:10.1029/2010JC006261
    • Bennington, V., G. A. McKinley, N. Kimura, and C. H. Wu, 2010:General circulation of LakeSuperior: Mean, variability, and trends from 1979 to 2006. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12015,doi:10.1029/2010JC006261.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Bennington, V.1    Mckinley, G.A.2    Kimura, N.3    Wu, C.H.4
  • 6
    • 0033911828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disaggregation of rainfall for one-way coupling of atmospheric and hydrological models in regions of complex terrain
    • Change
    • Bindlish, R., and A. P. Barros, 2000: Disaggregation of rainfall for one-way coupling of atmospheric and hydrological models in regions of complex terrain. Global Planet. Change,25,111-132.
    • (2000) Global Planet. , vol.25 , pp. 111-132
    • Bindlish, R.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 7
    • 0034463812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of Hurricane Danny (1997)at landfall: Doppler-observed eyewall replacement, vortex contraction/intensification, and low-level wind maxima
    • Blackwell, K. G., 2000: The evolution of Hurricane Danny (1997)at landfall: Doppler-observed eyewall replacement, vortex contraction/intensification, and low-level wind maxima. Mon.Wea. Rev., 128, 4002-4016.
    • (2000) Mon.Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 4002-4016
    • Blackwell, K.G.1
  • 8
    • 84943426871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of turbulence on hurricane intensity. Preprints, 29th Conf
    • on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Tucson, AZ,7,Available online at
    • Bryan, G. H., R. Rotunno, and Y. Chen, 2010: The effects of turbulence on hurricane intensity. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor.Soc., 8C.7. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/29Hurricanes/techprogram/paper_167282.htm.]
    • (2010) Amer. Meteor.Soc. , vol.8 C
    • Bryan, G.H.1    Rotunno, R.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 9
    • 20444437216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamical downscaling: Assessmentof value retained and added using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)
    • D05108,doi:10.1029/2004JD004721
    • Castro, C. L., R. A. Pielke Sr., and G. Leoncini, 2005: Dynamical downscaling: Assessmentof value retained and added using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS).J. Geophys. Res., 110, D05108, doi:10.1029/2004JD004721.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Castro, C.L.1    Pielke, R.A.2    Leoncini, G.3
  • 10
    • 77957722495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A QuikSCAT climatology of tropical cyclone size
    • L18816,doi:10.1029/2010GL044558
    • Chavas, D. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 2010: A QuikSCAT climatology of tropical cyclone size. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18816,doi:10.1029/2010GL044558.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Chavas, D.R.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 11
    • 0035303091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with thePenn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity
    • Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land surface-hydrology model with thePenn State-NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon.Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585.
    • (2001) Mon.Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 569-585
    • Chen, F.1    Dudhia, J.2
  • 12
    • 0037109249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of moving spiral bands in tropical cyclones
    • Chow, K. C., K. L. Chan, and A. K. H. Lau, 2002: Generation of moving spiral bands in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 59,2930-2950.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2930-2950
    • Chow, K.C.1    Chan, K.L.2    Lau, A.K.H.3
  • 13
    • 0034055560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the PacificNorthwest: Sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts
    • Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 2000: The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the PacificNorthwest: Sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea.Rev., 128, 593-617.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea.Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 593-617
    • Colle, B.A.1    Mass, C.F.2
  • 14
    • 0034463694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-99 cool seasons
    • Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, and K. J. Westrick, 2000: MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-99 cool seasons.Wea. Forecasting, 15, 730-744.
    • (2000) Wea. Forecasting , vol.15 , pp. 730-744
    • Colle, B.A.1    Mass, C.F.2    Westrick, K.J.3
  • 15
    • 0028552275 scopus 로고
    • A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain
    • Daly, C., R. P. Neilson, and D. L. Phillips, 1994: A statistical-topographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 140-158.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 140-158
    • Daly, C.1    Neilson, R.P.2    Phillips, D.L.3
  • 16
    • 0036646448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral decomposition of two-dimensional atmospheric fields on limited-area domains using the discrete cosine transform (DCT)
    • Denis, B., J. Côté, and R. Laprise, 2002: Spectral decomposition of two-dimensional atmospheric fields on limited-area domains using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Mon.Wea. Rev.,130, 1812-1829.
    • (2002) Mon.Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 1812-1829
    • Denis, B.1    Côté, T.2    Laprise, R.3
  • 17
    • 70449108896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective-scale downdrafts in the principal rainband of Hurricane Katrina (2005)
    • Didlake, A. C., and R. A. Houze, 2009: Convective-scale downdrafts in the principal rainband of Hurricane Katrina (2005).Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 3269-3293.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3269-3293
    • Didlake, A.C.1    Houze, R.A.2
  • 18
    • 0024921060 scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model
    • Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3077-3107
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 20
    • 84855803203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity in the overland reintensification of Tropical Cyclone Erin (2007) to near-surface soil moisture characteristics
    • Evans, C., R. S. Schumacher, and T. J. Galarneau Jr., 2011: Sensitivity in the overland reintensification of Tropical Cyclone Erin (2007) to near-surface soil moisture characteristics. Mon.Wea. Rev., 139, 3848-3870.
    • (2011) Mon.Wea. Rev. , vol.139 , pp. 3848-3870
    • Evans, C.1    Schumacher, R.S.2    Galarneau, T.J.3
  • 21
    • 42049106010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamical downscaling case study for typhoons in Southeast Asia using a regional climate model
    • Feser, F., and H. von Storch, 2008: A dynamical downscaling case study for typhoons in Southeast Asia using a regional climate model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1806-1815.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 1806-1815
    • Feser, F.1    Storch, H.V.2
  • 22
    • 65549117952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatological perspectives on the rainfall characteristics associated with landslides in western North Carolina
    • Fuhrmann, C. F., C. E. Konrad II, and L. E. Band, 2008: Climatological perspectives on the rainfall characteristics associated with landslides in western North Carolina. Phys. Geogr., 29,289-305.
    • (2008) Phys. Geogr. , vol.29 , pp. 289-305
    • Fuhrmann, C.F.1    Konrad, C.E.2    Band, L.E.3
  • 25
    • 77649291360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of simulated tropical cyclonestructure and intensity to horizontal resolution
    • Gentry M S., and G. M. Lackmann, 2010: Sensitivity of simulated tropical cyclone structure and intensity to horizontal resolution.Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 688-704.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 688-704
    • Gentry, M.S.1    Lackmann, G.M.2
  • 27
    • 65349169002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing regional orographic controls of precipitation and cloudiness in the central Andes using satellite data
    • Giovannettone, J. P., and A. P. Barros, 2009: Probing regional orographic controls of precipitation and cloudiness in the central Andes using satellite data. J. Hydrometeor., 10,167-182.
    • (2009) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.10 , pp. 167-182
    • Giovannettone, J.P.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 28
    • 68049097275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic structure of convective-scale elementsin the rainbands of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005)
    • D15108,doi:10.1029/2007JD009429
    • Hence, D. A., and R. A. Houze Jr., 2008: Kinematic structure of convective-scale elementsin the rainbands of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005). J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15108,doi:10.1029/2007JD009429.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Hence, D.A.1    Houze, R.A.2
  • 29
    • 33749016495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes
    • Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes.Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-2341.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 2318-2341
    • Hong, S.-Y.1    Noh, Y.2    Dudhia, J.3
  • 30
    • 77953188770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clouds in tropical cyclones
    • Houze, R. A., 2010: Clouds in tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev.,138, 293-344.
    • (2010) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.138 , pp. 293-344
    • Houze, R.A.1
  • 31
    • 0025662461 scopus 로고
    • The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package
    • Janjić,Z. I., 1990: The step-mountain coordinate: Physical package.Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1429-1443.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1429-1443
    • Janjić, Z.I.1
  • 32
    • 34547565356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 scheme in the NCEP Meso model
    • Janjić,Z. I., 2002: Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 scheme in the NCEP Meso model. NCEP Office Note 437, 61 pp.
    • (2002) NCEP Office Note , vol.437 , pp. 61
    • Janjić, Z.I.1
  • 33
    • 1342310488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization:An update
    • Kain, J. S., 2004: The Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization:An update. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 170-181.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.43 , pp. 170-181
    • Kain, J.S.1
  • 34
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Coauthors
    • Kalnay, E.,and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 35
    • 0344286974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiyear regional climate hindcast for the western United States using the mesoscale atmospheric simulation model
    • Kim, J., and J. E. Lee, 2003: A multiyear regional climate hindcast for the western United States using the mesoscale atmospheric simulation model. J. Hydrometeor., 4, 878-890.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.4 , pp. 878-890
    • Kim, J.1    Lee, J.E.2
  • 36
    • 0033611338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution shortterm quantitative precipitation forecasting in mountainous regions using a nested model
    • Kuligowski, R. J., and A. P. Barros, 1999: High-resolution shortterm quantitative precipitation forecasting in mountainous regions using a nested model. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D24),31 553-31 564.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , Issue.D24 , pp. 31553-31564
    • Kuligowski, R.J.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 38
    • 0016964237 scopus 로고
    • On the development of spiral bands in a tropical cyclone
    • Kurihara, Y., 1976: On the development of spiral bands in a tropical cyclone. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 940-958.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 940-958
    • Kurihara, Y.1
  • 39
    • 0027832956 scopus 로고
    • An initialization scheme of hurricane models by vortex specification
    • Kurihara, Y., M. A. Bender, and R. J. Ross, 1993: An initialization scheme of hurricane models by vortex specification. Mon. Wea. Rev.,121, 2030-2045.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.121 , pp. 2030-2045
    • Kurihara, Y.1    Bender, M.A.2    Ross, R.J.3
  • 40
    • 0001498534 scopus 로고
    • Improvements in the GFDL hurricane prediction system
    • Kurihara, Y., M. A. Bender, and R. J. Ross,1995: Improvements in the GFDL hurricane prediction system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2791-2801.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2791-2801
    • Kurihara, Y.1    Bender, M.A.2    Ross, R.J.3
  • 41
    • 77955499932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global forest canopy height map from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
    • L15401,doi:10.1029/2010GL043622
    • Lefsky, M. A., 2010: A global forest canopy height map from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,L15401, doi:10.1029/2010GL043622.
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Lefsky, M.A.1
  • 42
    • 58049103786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model performance of downscaling 1999-2004 hydrometeorological fields to the upper Rio Grande basin using different forcing datasets
    • Li, J., X. Gao, and S. Sorooshian, 2008: Model performance of downscaling 1999-2004 hydrometeorological fields to the upper Rio Grande basin using different forcing datasets.J. Hydrometeor., 9, 677-694.
    • (2008) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.9 , pp. 677-694
    • Li, J.1    Gao, X.2    Sorooshian, S.3
  • 43
    • 52149109080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution simulation of Typhoon Rananim (2004) with MM5. Part I: Model verification, inner-core shear, and asymmetric convection
    • Li, Q., Y. Duan, H. Yu, and G. Fu, 2008: A high-resolution simulation of Typhoon Rananim (2004) with MM5. Part I: Model verification, inner-core shear, and asymmetric convection.Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2488-2506.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 2488-2506
    • Li, Q.1    Duan, Y.2    Yu, H.3    Fu, G.4
  • 44
    • 64149131866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of numerical simulation of early rapid intensification of Hurricane Emily (2005) to cloud microphysical and planetary boundary layer parameterizations
    • Li, X., and Z. Pu, 2008: Sensitivity of numerical simulation of early rapid intensification of Hurricane Emily (2005) to cloud microphysical and planetary boundary layer parameterizations.Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 4819-4838.
    • (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.136 , pp. 4819-4838
    • Li, X.1    Pu, Z.2
  • 45
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl.Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl.Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Farley, R.D.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 46
    • 34548734312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale simulation of an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai, India, using a high-resolutionMM5model
    • Litta, A. J., B. Chakrapani, and K. Mohankumar, 2007: Mesoscale simulation of an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai, India, using a high-resolutionMM5model.Meteor.Appl., 14, 291-295.
    • (2007) Meteor.Appl. , vol.14 , pp. 291-295
    • Litta, A.J.1    Chakrapani, B.2    Mohankumar, K.3
  • 47
    • 0036243674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts
    • Mass, C. F., D. Ovens, K. Westrick, and B. A. Colle, 2002: Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts?Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 407-430.
    • (2002) Bull, Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 407-430
    • Mass, C.F.1    Ovens, D.2    Westrick, K.3    Colle, B.A.4
  • 48
    • 0033133351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of spiral rainbands in tropical cyclones
    • May, P. T., and G. J. Holland, 1999: The role of spiral rainbands in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1224-1228.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 1224-1228
    • May, P.T.1    Holland, G.J.2
  • 51
    • 0000453046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiativetransfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres:RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave
    • Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A.Clough, 1997: Radiativetransfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres:RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D14), 16 663-16 682.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , Issue.D14 , pp. 16663-16682
    • Mlawer, E.J.1    Taubman, S.J.2    Brown, P.D.3    Iacono, M.J.4    Clough, S.A.5
  • 52
    • 0343621498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal roughness length of a boreal forest
    • Molder, M., and A. Lindroth, 1999: Thermal roughness length of a boreal forest. Agric. For. Meteor., 98-99, 659-670.
    • (1999) Agric. For. Meteor. , vol.98-99 , pp. 659-670
    • Molder, M.1    Lindroth, A.2
  • 53
    • 0031434821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atheory for vortex Rossby waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes
    • Montgomery, M. T., and R. J.Kallenbach, 1997:Atheory for vortex Rossby waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes. Quart. J.Roy.Meteor. Soc., 123, 535-565.
    • (1997) Quart. J.Roy.Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 535-565
    • Montgomery, M.T.1    Kallenbach, R.J.2
  • 54
    • 77649276736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of planetary boundary layer parameterizations in tropical cyclones by comparison of in situ observations and high-resolution simulations of Hurricane Isabel (2003). Part I: Initialization, maximum winds, and the outer-core boundary layer
    • Nolan, D. S., J. A. Zhang, and D. P. Stern, 2009: Evaluation of planetary boundary layer parameterizations in tropical cyclones by comparison of in situ observations and high-resolution simulations of Hurricane Isabel (2003). Part I: Initialization, maximum winds, and the outer-core boundary layer. Mon. Wea.Rev., 137, 3651-3674.
    • (2009) Mon. Wea.Rev. , vol.137 , pp. 3651-3674
    • Nolan, D.S.1    Zhang, J.A.2    Stern, D.P.3
  • 55
    • 84858249964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM)
    • Note NCAR/TN-4781STR
    • Oleson, K. W., and Coauthors, 2010: Technical description of version 4.0 of the Community Land Model (CLM). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4781STR, 257 pp.
    • (2010) NCAR Tech. , pp. 257
    • Oleson, K.W.1    Coauthors, C.2
  • 56
    • 0025657129 scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer structure and dynamics in outer hurricane rainbands. Part I: Mesoscale rainfall and kinematic structure
    • Powell, M. D., 1990a: Boundary layer structure and dynamics in outer hurricane rainbands. Part I: Mesoscale rainfall and kinematic structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 891-917.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 891-917
    • Powell, M.D.1
  • 57
    • 0025661308 scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer structure and dynamics in outer hurricane rainbands. Part II: Downdraft modification and mixed layer recovery
    • Powell, M. D.,1990b: Boundary layer structure and dynamics in outer hurricane rainbands. Part II: Downdraft modification and mixed layer recovery. Mon. Wea. Rev.118, 918-938.
    • (1990) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 918-938
    • Powell, M.D.1
  • 58
    • 77956187515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground observations to characterize the spatial gradients and vertical structure of orographic precipitation-Experiments in the inner regionof the Great Smoky Mountains
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.013
    • Prat, O. P.,and A. P. Barros, 2010a: Ground observations to characterize the spatial gradients and vertical structure of orographic precipitation-Experiments in the inner regionof the Great Smoky Mountains. J. Hydrol., 391, 141-156,doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.013.
    • (2010) J. Hydrol. , vol.391 , pp. 141-156
    • Prat, O.P.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 59
    • 79958753958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing satellite-based precipitation estimates in the Southern Appalachian Mountains using rain gauges and TRMM PR
    • Prat, O. P., and A. P. Barros, 2010b: Assessing satellite-based precipitation estimates in the Southern Appalachian Mountains using rain gauges and TRMM PR. Adv. Geosci., 25, 143-153.
    • (2010) Adv. Geosci. , vol.25 , pp. 143-153
    • Prat, O.P.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 60
    • 77956884355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface temperature spatial and temporal variations in North America from homogenized satellite SMMR-SSM/I microwave measurements and reanalysis for 1979-2008
    • D08110,doi:10.1029/2009JD012760
    • Royer, A., and S. Poirier, 2010: Surface temperature spatial and temporal variations in North America from homogenized satellite SMMR-SSM/I microwave measurements and reanalysis for 1979-2008. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D08110,doi:10.1029/2009JD012760.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Royer, A.1    Poirier, S.2
  • 61
    • 0021505988 scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones
    • XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands
    • Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1984: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands.J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 2949-2972.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 2949-2972
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 64
    • 41649098230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of landatmosphere interactions within the eastern United States
    • D02101,doi:10.1029/2006JD008277
    • Steyaert, L. T., and R. G. Knox, 2008: Reconstructed historical land cover and biophysical parameters for studies of landatmosphere interactions within the eastern United States.J. Geophys. Res., 113, D02101, doi:10.1029/2006JD008277.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Steyaert, L.T.1    Knox, R.G.2
  • 65
    • 77953337780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the statistics of rainfall extremes in rain gauge observations, and satellitebased and reanalysis products using universal multifractals
    • Sun, X., and A. P. Barros, 2010: An evaluation of the statistics of rainfall extremes in rain gauge observations, and satellitebased and reanalysis products using universal multifractals.J. Hydrometeor., 11, 388-404.
    • (2010) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.11 , pp. 388-404
    • Sun, X.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 66
    • 77952994746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal downscaling of satellite precipitation products for hydrometeorological applications
    • Tao, K., and A. P. Barros, 2010: Fractal downscaling of satellite precipitation products for hydrometeorological applications.J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 27, 409-427.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.27 , pp. 409-427
    • Tao, K.1    Barros, A.P.2
  • 67
    • 0024843895 scopus 로고
    • An ice-water saturation adjustment
    • Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, and M. McCumber, 1989: An ice-water saturation adjustment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 231-235.
    • (1989) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 231-235
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Simpson, J.2    Mccumber, M.3
  • 68
    • 84455171742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution numerical simulation of the extreme rainfall associated with Typhoon Morakot. Part I: Comparing the impact of microphysics and PBL parameterizations with observations
    • Tao, W.-K., and Coauthors, 2011a: High-resolution numerical simulation of the extreme rainfall associated with Typhoon Morakot. Part I: Comparing the impact of microphysics and PBL parameterizations with observations. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 22, 673-696.
    • (2011) Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 673-696
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Coauthors, C.2
  • 70
    • 0028570121 scopus 로고
    • Tropical storm development and decay: Sensitivity to surface boundary conditions
    • Tuleya, R. E.,1994: Tropical storm development and decay: Sensitivity to surface boundary conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122,291-304.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 291-304
    • Tuleya, R.E.1
  • 71
    • 0036965890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An explicit simulation of tropical cyclones with a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model:TCM3. Part II: Some model refinements and sensitivity to cloud microphysics parameterization
    • Wang, Y.,2002: An explicit simulation of tropical cyclones with a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model:TCM3. Part II: Some model refinements and sensitivity to cloud microphysics parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130,3022-3036.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.130 , pp. 3022-3036
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 72
    • 0001093017 scopus 로고
    • A possible mechanism for the formation of hurricane rainbands
    • Willoughby, H. E.,1978: A possible mechanism for the formation of hurricane rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 836-848.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 836-848
    • Willoughby, H.E.1
  • 73
    • 0021639136 scopus 로고
    • Stationary and moving convective bands in hurricanes
    • Willoughby, H. E., F. D. Marks Jr., and R. J. Feinberg, 1984: Stationary and moving convective bands in hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 41,3189-3211.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 3189-3211
    • Willoughby, H.E.1    Marks, F.D.2    Feinberg, R.J.3
  • 74
    • 39349094695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County
    • North Carolina, southeastern USA
    • Wooten, R. M., K. A. Gillon, A. C. Witt, R. S. Latham, T. J.Douglas, J. B. Bauer, S. J. Fuemmeler, and L. G. Lee, 2008:Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA). Landslides,5, 31-44.
    • (2008) Landslides , vol.5 , pp. 31-44
    • Wooten, R.M.1    Gillon, K.A.2    Witt, A.C.3    Latham, R.S.4    Douglas, T.J.5    Bauer, J.B.6    Fuemmeler, S.J.7    Lee, L.G.8
  • 75
    • 17344369786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modeling study of Typhoon Toraji (2001): Physical parameterization sensitivity and topographic effect
    • Yang, M.-J., and L. Ching, 2005: A modeling study of Typhoon Toraji (2001): Physical parameterization sensitivity and topographic effect. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 16, 177-213.
    • (2005) Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 177-213
    • Yang, M.-J.1    Ching, L.2
  • 76
    • 33746054541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of mesoscale low-level winds obtained by dynamical downscaling of ERA40 over complex terrain
    • žagar, N., M. žagar, J. Cedilnik, G. Gregorič, and J. Rakovec,2006: Validation of mesoscale low-level winds obtained by dynamical downscaling of ERA40 over complex terrain.Tellus,58A, 445-455.
    • (2006) Tellus , vol.58 A , pp. 445-455
    • Žagar, N.1    Žagar, M.2    Cedilnik, J.3    Gregorič, G.4    Rakovec, J.5
  • 77
    • 34848870571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistent parameterization of roughness length and displacement height for sparse and dense canopies in land models
    • Zeng, X., and A. Wang, 2007: Consistent parameterization of roughness length and displacement height for sparse and dense canopies in land models. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 730-737.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 730-737
    • Zeng, X.1    Wang, A.2
  • 78
    • 0020330339 scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-Sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data
    • Zhang, D.,and R. A. Anthes, 1982: A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-Sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data. J. Appl.Meteor., 21, 1594-1609.
    • (1982) J. Appl.Meteor. , vol.21 , pp. 1594-1609
    • Zhang, D.1    Anthes, R.A.2
  • 79
    • 18544368508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of a typhoon with a large eye: Model simulation and verification
    • Zhang, Q. H., S. J. Chen, Y. H. Kuo, K. H. Lau, and R. A. Anthes,2005: Numerical study of a typhoon with a large eye: Model simulation and verification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 725-742.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 725-742
    • Zhang, Q.H.1    Chen, S.J.2    Kuo, Y.H.3    Lau, K.H.4    Anthes, R.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.