Incidence, prevalence, risk factor and outcome of delirium in intensive care unit: A study from India

General Hospital Psychiatry

Volumn 34, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 639-646

  Sharma, Akhilesh ^a   Malhotra, Savita ^a   Grover, Sandeep ^a   Jindal, Surinder Kumar ^a  

^a POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH   (India)

Author keywords

Delirium; Incidence; Intensive care; Outcome; Prevalence; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; INSULIN; MIDAZOLAM; SEDATIVE AGENT; STEROID;

ACIDOSIS; ADULT; AGE; APACHE; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; DELIRIUM; DELIRIUM RATING SCALE REVISED 98; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; HYPERURICEMIA; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; INCIDENCE; INDIA; INTENSIVE CARE; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; POLYPHARMACY; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; RISK FACTOR; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; VENTILATED PATIENT;

EID: 84867869802     PISSN: 01638343     EISSN: 18737714     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.009     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Ely E.W., Inouye S.K., Bernard G.R., et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA 2001, 286:2703-2710.
2. Bergeron N., Dubois M.J., Dumont M., et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med 2001, 27:859-864.
3. Pandharipande P., Cotton B., Shintani A., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients. J Trauma 2008, 65:34-41.
4. Lat I., McMillian W., Taylor S., et al. The impact of delirium on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated surgical and trauma patients. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:1898-1905.
5. Lin S.M., Liu C.Y., Wang C.H. The impact of delirium on the survival of mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:2254-2259.
6. Ely E.W., Gautam S., Margolin R., et al. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensive Care Med 2001, 27:1892-1900.
7. Ely E.W., Inouye S.K., Bernard G.R. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of confusion assessment methods for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). JAMA 2001, 286:2703-2710.
8. Ely E.W., Margolin R., Francis J. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med 2001, 29:1370-1379.
9. Milbrandt E.B., Deppen S., Harrison P.L., et al. Costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:955-962.
10. Jackson J.C., Gordon S.M., Hart R.P., et al. The association between delirium and cognitive decline: a review of the empirical literature. Neuropsychol Rev 2004, 14:87-98.
11. McNicoll L., Pisani M.A., Zhang Y., et al. Delirium in the intensive care unit: occurrence and clinical course in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:591-598.
12. Pandharipande P., Shintani A., Peterson J.F., et al. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 2006, 104:21-26.
13. Dubois M.J., Bergeron N., Dumont M., et al. Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med 2001, 27:1297-1304.
14. Aldemir M., Ozen S., Kara I.H., et al. Predisposing factors for delirium in the surgical intensive care unit. Crit Care 2001, 5:265-270.
15. Ouimet S., Riker R., Bergeon N., et al. Subsyndromal delirium in the ICU: evidence for a disease spectrum. Intensive Care Med 2007, 33:1007-1013.
16. Girard T.D., Pandharipande P.P., Ely E.W. Delirium in the intensive care unit: review. Crit Care 2008, 12(Suppl. 3):S3.
17. Rompaey B.V., Schuurmans M.J., Shortridge-Baggett L.M., et al. Risk factors for intensive care delirium: a systematic review. Intensive Crit Care Nursing. 2008, 24:98-107.
18. Bruno J.J., Warren M.L. Intensive care unit delirium. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2010, 22:161-178.
19. Mattoo S.K., Grover S., Gupta N. Delirium in general practice. Indian J Med Res 2010, 131:387-398.
20. Shehabi Y., Riker R.R., Bokesch P.M., et al. Delirium duration and mortality in lightly sedated, mechanically ventilated intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:2311-2318.
21. Inouye S.K., Rushing J.T., Foreman M.D., et al. Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes? A three-site epidemiologic study. J Gen Intern Med 1998, 13:234-242.
22. Grover S., Shah R., Aarya K.R. The mortality rate among patients with delirium 6 months after diagnosis by a consultation-liaison psychiatric team. Turkish J Psychiatry 2012, (in press).
23. Ely E.W., Shintani A., Truman B. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA 2004, 291:1753-1762.
24. Grover S., Chakrabarti S., Shah R., et al. A factor analytic study of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 in untreated patients with delirium. J Psychosom Res 2011, 70:473-478.
25. Grover S., Kate N., Agarwal M., et al. Delirium in elderly: a study from a psychiatric liaison service in North India. Int Psychogeriatr 2012, 24:117-127.
26. Grover S., Kumar V., Chakrabarti S. Comparative efficacy study of haloperidol, olanzapine and risperidone in delirium. J Psychosomatic Res 2011, 71:277-281.
27. Grover S., Malhotra S., Bharadwaj R., et al. Delirium in children and adolescents. Int J Psychiatry Med 2009, 39:179-187.
28. Grover S., Subodh B.N., Avasthi A., et al. Prevalence and clinical profile of delirium: a study from a tertiary-care hospital in north India. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2009, 31:25-29.
29. Jain G., Chakrabarti S., Kulhara P. Symptoms of delirium: an exploratory factor analytic study among referred patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2011, 33:377-385.
30. Chrispal A., Mathews K.P., Surekha V. The clinical profile and association of delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures in a tertiary care hospital in India. J Assoc Physicians India 2010, 58:15-19.
31. Khurana P.S., Sharma P.S.V.N., Avasthi A. Prevalence of delirium in geriatric hospitalized general medical population. Indian J Psychiatry 2002, 44:41-46.
32. Khurana P.S., Sharma P.S.V.N., Avasthi A. Risk factors in delirious geriatric general medical inpatients. Indian J Psychiatry 2002, 44:266-272.
33. Khurana V., Gambhir I.S., Kishore D. Evaluation of delirium in elderly: a hospital-based study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011, 11:467-473.
34. Mattoo S.K., Grover S., Chakrabarty K., et al. Symptom profile and etiology of delirium in a referral population in Northern India: factor analysis of the DRS-R98. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012, 24:95-101.
35. Grover S., Kate N., Malhotra S., Chakrabarti S., Mattoo S.K., Avasthi A. Symptom profile of delirium in children and adolescent - Does it differs from adults and elderly?. General Hospital Psychiatry 2012, 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.03.003.
36. Ely E.W., Truman B., Shintani A., et al. Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients; reliability and validity of the Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS). JAMA 2003, 289:2983-2991.
37. Sessler C.N., Gosnell M.S., Grap M.J., Brophy G.M., O'Neal P.V., Keane K.A., Tesoro E.P., Elswick R.K. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:1338-1344.
38. Trzepacz P.T., Mittal D., Torres R., et al. Validation of delirium rating scale revised-98: comparison to the delirium rating scale and cognitive test for delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosciences 2001, 13:229-242.
39. Peterson J.F., Pun B.T., Dittus R.S., et al. Delirium and its motoric subtypes: a study of 614 critically ill patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006, 54:479-484.
40. Nelso J.E., Tandon N., Mercado A.F., et al. Brain Dysfunction: another burden for the chronically critically ill. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1993-1999.
41. Agarwal R., Gupta R., Aggarwal A.N., et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to COPD vs other causes: Effectiveness and predictors of failure in a respiratory ICU in North India. Int J COPD 2008, 3:737-774.
42. Agarwal R., Handa A., Aggarwal A.N., et al. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit in North India. Respir Care 2009, 54:1679-1687.
43. Spronk P.E., Riekerk B., Hofhuis J., et al. Occurrence of delirium is severely underestimated in the ICU during daily care: Brief Report. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35:1466-1468.
44. Lin S.M., Huang C.D., Liu C.Y., et al. Risk factors for the development of early-onset delirium and the subsequent clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients. J Crit Care 2008, 23:372-379.
45. Rompaey B.V., Schuurmans M.J., Shortridge-Baggett L.M., et al. A comparison of the CAM-ICU and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale in intensive care delirium assessment: an observational study in non-intubated patients. Crit Care 2008, 12:R16.
46. Sommer B.R., Wise L.C., Kraemer H.C. Is dopamine administration possibly a risk factor for delirium?. Crit Care Med 2002, 30:1508-1511.
47. Jackson J.C., Gordon S.M., Hart R.P., et al. The association between delirium and cognitive decline: a review of the empirical literature. Neuropsychol Rev 2004, 14:87-98.
48. Chang Y.L., Tsai Y.F., Lin P.J., et al. Prevalence and risk factors for postoperative delirium in a cardiovascular intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 2008, 17:567-575.
49. Thomason J.W., Shintani A., Peterson J.F., et al. Intensive care unit delirium is an independent predictor of longer hospital stay: a prospective analysis of 261 non-ventilated patients. Crit Care 2005, 9:R375-R381.
50. Inouye S.K., Charpentier P.A. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons; a predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA 1996, 275:852-857.
51. Marcantonio E., Simon S., Bergmann M., et al. Delirium symptoms in post-acute care: prevalent, persistent, and associated with poor functional recovery. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:4-9.
52. Schor J.D., Levkoff S.E., Lipsitz L.A., et al. Risk factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly. JAMA 1992, 267:827-831.
53. Vincent F.M. The neuropsychiatric complications of corticosteroid therapy. Compr Ther 1995, 21:524-528.
54. Ogundele O., Yende S. Pushing the envelope to reduce sedation in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2010, 14:339.
55. Leentjens A.F., van der Mast R.C. Delirium in elderly people: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2005, 18:325-330.
56. Liptzin B., Levkoff S.E. An empirical study of delirium subtypes. Br J Psychiatry 1992, 161:843-845.
57. Kiely D.K., Jones R.N., Bergmann M.A., Marcantonio E.R. Association between psychomotor activity delirium subtypes and mortality among newly admitted post-acute facility patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007, 62:174-179.