Normal and Disordered Growth

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology: Fifth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 90-112

  Patel, Leena ^a   Clayton, Peter E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bone age; Fetus; Growth disorders; Growth hormone secretion; Growth velocity

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867833518     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470987117.ch5     Document Type: Chapter

References (52)

1. Freeman JV, Cole TJ, Chinn S, Jones PR, White EM, Preece MA. Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: 17-24.
2. Karlberg J, Fryer JG, Engstrom I, Karlberg P. Analysis of linear growth using a mathematical model. II. From 3 to 21 years of age. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1987; 337: 12-29.
3. Karlberg J, Engstrom I, Karlberg P, Fryer JG. Analysis of linear growth using a mathematical model. I. From birth to three years. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987; 76: 478-88.
4. Tanner JM. Fetus into Man: Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
5. Arey LB. Developmental Anatomy, 7th edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1966.
6. Mark M, Rijli FM, Chambon P. Homeobox genes in embryogenesis and pathogenesis. Pediatr Res 1997; 42: 421-9.
7. Dattani MT, Martinez BJ, Thomas PQ et al. Mutations in the homeobox gene HESX1/Hesx1 associated with septo-optic dysplasia in human and mouse. Nature Genet 1998; 19: 125-33.
8. Rotwein P. Human growth disorders: molecular genetics of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis. Acta Paediatr Scand 1999; 88: 148-51.
9. de Pablo F, Scott LA, Roth J. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in early development: peptides, receptors and biological events. Endocr Rev 1990; 11: 558-77.
10. Gluckman PD. Clinical review 68: the endocrine regulation of fetal growth in late gestation: the role of insulin-like growth factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 1047-50.
11. Barker DJP. Mother, Babies and Disease in Later Life. London: BMJ Publishing, 1994.
12. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH, Takaishi M. Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. Arch Dis Child 1966; 41: 454-71.
13. Hermanussen M. The analysis of short-term growth. Horm Res 1998; 49: 53-64.
14. Lampl M, Veldhuis JD, Johnson ML. Saltation and stasis: a model of human growth. Science 1992; 258: 801-3.
15. Butler GE, McKie M, Ratcliffe SG. The cyclical nature of prepubertal growth. Ann Hum Biol 1990; 17: 177-98.
16. Tanner JM, Buckler JM. Revision and update of Tanner-Whitehouse clinical longitudinal charts for height and weight. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156: 248-9.
17. Rico H, Revilla M, Villa LF, Hernandez ER, Alvarez-de BM, Villa M. Body composition in children and Tanner's stages: a study with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolism 1993; 42: 967-70.
18. Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child 1976; 51: 170-9.
19. Buckler JMH. A Reference Manual of Growth and Development. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1979.
20. Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA. Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: 25-9.
21. Greulich WW, Pyle ST. Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of Hand and Wrist. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959.
22. Bayley N, Pinneau SR. Tables predicting adult height from skeletal age revised for use with the Greulich-Pyle hand standards. J Pediatr 1952; 40: 423-41.
23. Hauspie RC, Vercauteren M, Susanne C. Secular changes in growth and maturation: an update. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997; 423: 20-7.
24. Strobl JS, Thomas MJ. Human growth hormone. Pharmacol Rev 1994; 46: 1-34.
25. Parks JS, Adess ME, Brown MR. Genes regulating hypothalamic and pituitary development. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1997; 423: 28-32.
26. Gluckman PD, Grumbach MM, Kaplan SL. The neuroendocrine regulation and function of growth hormone and prolactin in the mammalian fetus. Endocr Rev 1981; 2: 363-95.
27. Hindmarsh PC, Matthews DR, Brook CG. Growth hormone secretion in children determined by time series analysis. Clin Endocrinol 1988; 29: 35-44.
28. Skinner AM, Price DA, Addison GM et al. The influence of age, size, pubertal status and renal factors on urinary growth hormone excretion in normal children and adolescents. Growth Regul 1992; 2: 156-60.
29. Gevers EF, Wit JM, Robinson IC. Growth, growth hormone (GH)-binding protein, and GH receptors are differentially regulated by peak and trough components of the GH secretory pattern in the rat. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 1013-18.
30. Jaffe CA, Ocampo LB, Guo W et al. Regulatory mechanisms of growth hormone secretion are sexually dimorphic. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 153-64.
31. Hindmarsh PC, Fall CH, Pringle PJ, Osmond C, Brook CG. Peak and trough growth hormone concentrations have different associations with the insulin-like growth factor axis, body composition, and metabolic parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2172-6.
32. Carter SC, Schwartz J, Smit LS. Molecular mechanism of growth hormone action. Annu Rev Physiol 1996; 58: 187-207.
33. Jones JI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Endocr Rev 1995; 16: 3-34.
34. Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BA, Isaksson OG, Andreassen TT, Slootweg MC. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 55-79.
35. Thalange NK, Gill MS, Gill L et al. Infradian rhythms in urinary growth hormone excretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 100-6.
36. Boersma B, Wit JM. Catch-up growth. Endocr Rev 1997; 18: 64661.
37. Lindsay R, Feldkamp M, Harris D, Robertson J, Rallison M. Utah Growth Study: growth standards and the prevalence of growth hormone deficiency. J Pediatr 1994; 125: 29-35.
38. Sandberg DE, Voss LD. The psychological consequences of short stature: a review of the evidence. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 16: 449-63.
39. GH Research Society. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 3990-3.
40. Hintz RL, Attie KM, Baptista J, Roche A. Effect of GH treatment on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature. Genentech Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 502-7.
41. Rao E, Weiss B, Fukami M et al. Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopathic short stature and Turner syndrome. Nature Genet 1997; 16: 54-63.
42. Ross JL, Scott, C, Jr, Marttila P et al. Phenotypes associated with SHOX deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5674-80.
43. Lee PA, Kendig JW, Kerrigan JR. Persistent short stature, other potential outcomes, and the effect of growth hormone treatment in children who are born small for gestational age. Pediatrics 2003; 112: 150-62.
44. Karlberg J, Albertsson-Wikland K. Growth in full-term small-for-gestational age infants: from birth to final height. Pediatr Res 1995; 38: 733-9.
45. Karlberg JPE, Albertsson-Wikland K, Kwan EYW et al. The timing of early postnatal catch-up growth in normal, full-term infants born short for gestational age. Horm Res 1997; 48 (Suppl. 1): 1724.
46. van Pareren et al. Adult height after long-term, continuous growth hormone (GH) treatment in short children born small for gesta-tional age: results of a randomised, double-blind, dose-response GH trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 3584-90.
47. De Benedetti F, Meazza C, Martini A. Role of interleukin-6 in growth failure: an animal model. Hormone Res 2002; 58 (Suppl. 1): 24-7.
48. Bellus GA, McIntosh I, Smith EA et al. A recurrent mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 causes hypochondroplasia. Nature Genet 1995; 10: 357-9.
49. Prinos P, Costa T, Sommer A, Kilpatrick MW, Tsipouras P. A common FGFR3 gene mutation in hypochondroplasia. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4: 2097-101.
50. Elias LL, Huebner A, Metherell LA et al. Tall stature and familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 53: 423-30.
51. Kurotaki N, Imaizumi K, Harada N et al. Haploinsufficiency of NSD1 causes Sotos syndrome. Nature Genet 2002; 30: 365-6.
52. Wright CM. Identification and management of failure to thrive: a community perspective. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82: 5-9.