Contextual Influences on Faculty Diversity Conceptualizations When Working With Trainee Competence Problems

The Counseling Psychologist

Volumn 40, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1181-1219

  Shen Miller, David S ^a   Forrest, Linda ^b   Burt, Michelle ^b  

^a TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

difficult conversations; diversity; multicultural; professional competence problems; trainee impairment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867789068     PISSN: 00110000     EISSN: 15523861     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011000011431832     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. American Psychological Association (APA). (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 377–402. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.5.377
2. Betancourt H., Lopez S. R. (1993). The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology. American Psychologist, 48(6), 629–637. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.48.6.629
3. Boxley R., Drew C. R., Rangel D. M. (1986). Clinical trainee impairment in APA-approved internship programs. The Clinical Psychologist, 39, 49–52.
4. Boysen G. A., Vogel D. L., Cope M. A., Hubbard A. (2009). Incidents of bias in college classrooms: Instructor and student perceptions. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 2, 219–231. doi: 10.1037/a0017538
5. Bronfenbrenner U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
6. Bronfenbrenner U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723–742.
7. Buboltz W. C., Jenkins S. M., Thomas A., Lindley L. D., Schwartz J. P., Loveland J. M. (2005). Research productivity in counseling psychology: An update. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 709–728. doi: 10.1177/0011000005277814
8. Charmaz K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: SAGE.
9. Constantine M. G., Smith L., Redington R. M., Owens D. (2008). Racial microaggressions against Black counseling and counseling psychology faculty: A central challenge in the multicultural counseling movement. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86, 348–355.
10. Cook D. A. (1994). Racial identity in supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 34, 132–141.
11. Council of Counseling Psychology Training Programs. (2006). Surveys of doctoral training programs 1995–96 through 2004–05. Retrieved March 6, 2006, from http://www454.outtech.com/council/Reports/survey.aspx
12. Creswell J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
13. Elman N. S., Forrest L. (2004). Psychotherapy in the remediation of psychology trainees: Exploratory interviews with training directors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 123–130. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.35.2.123
14. Elman N. S., Forrest L. (2007). From trainee impairment to professional competence problems: Seeking terminology that facilitates effective action. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 501–509. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.38.5.501
15. Elman N. S., Forrest L., Vacha-Haase T., Gizara S. (1999). A systems perspective on trainee impairment: Continuing the dialogue. The Counseling Psychologist, 27, 712–721. doi: 10.1177/0011000099275005
16. Fassinger R. E. (2005). Paradigms, praxis, problems and promise: Grounded theory in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 156–166. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.156
17. Forrest L., Elman N., Gizara S., Vacha-Haase T. (1999). Trainee impairment: A review of identification, remediation, dismissal, and legal issues. The Counseling Psychologist, 27, 627–686. doi: 10.1177/0011000099275001
18. Forrest L., Elman N. S., Shen-Miller D. S. (2008). Psychology trainees with competence problems: From individual to ecological conceptualizations. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 2, 183–192. doi: 10.1037/1931-3918.2.4.183
19. Gaubatz M. D., Vera E. M. (2006). Trainee competence in masters-level counseling programs: A comparison of counselor educators’ and students’ views. Counselor Education and Supervision, 46, 32–43.
20. Geertz C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In Geertz C. (Ed.), The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays (pp. 3–32). New York: Basic Books.
21. Gizara S. S. (1997). Supervisors’ construction of intern impairment at APA-accredited internship sites (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Michigan State University, East Lansing.
22. Gizara S. S., Forrest L. (2004). Supervisors’ experiences of trainee impairment and incompetence at APA-accredited internship sites. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 131–140. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.35.2.131
23. Glaser B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press.
24. Glaser B. G., Strauss A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.
25. Guba E. G., Lincoln Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In Denzin N. K., Lincoln Y. S. (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
26. Hall C.C.I. (1997). Cultural malpractice: The growing obsolescence of psychology with the changing U.S. population. American Psychologist, 52, 642–651.
27. Helms J. E., Jernigan M., Mascher J. (2005). The meaning of race in psychology and how to change it: A methodological perspective. American Psychologist, 60, 27–36.
28. Helms J. E., Richardson T. Q. (1997). How “multiculturalism” obscures race and culture as differential aspects of counseling competency. In Pope-Davis D. B., Coleman H.L.K. (Eds.), Multicultural counseling competencies: Assessment, education and training, and supervision (pp. 60–79). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
29. Jacobs S. C., Huprich S. K., Cage E., Elman N. S., Forrest L., Grus C. L.,… Kaslow N. J. (2011). Trainees with competence problems: Difficult but necessary conversations. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 5(3), 175–184.
30. Johnson W. B., Elman N. S., Forrest L., Robiner W. N., Rodolfa E., Schaffer J. B. (2008). Addressing professional competence problems in trainees: Some ethical considerations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 589–599. doi: 10.1037/a0014264
31. Kaslow N. J., Rubin N. J., Forrest L., Elman N. S., Van Horne B. A., Jacobs S. C.,… Thorn B. E. (2007). Recognizing, assessing and intervening with problems of professional competence. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 479–492. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.38.5.479
32. Lincoln Y. S., Guba E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.
33. Maton K. I., Kohout J. L., Wicherski M., Leary G. E., Vinokurov A. (2006). Minority students of color and the psychology graduate pipeline: Disquieting and encouraging trends, 1989–2003. American Psychologist, 61, 117–131.
34. Mintz L. B., Jackson A. P., Neville H. A., Illfelder-Kaye J., Winterowd C. L., Loewy M. (2009). The need for a counseling psychology model training values statement addressing diversity. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 644–675. doi: 10.1177/0011000009331931
35. Moradi B., Neimeyer G. J. (2005). Diversity in the ivory White tower: A longitudinal look at faculty race/ethnicity in counseling psychology academic training programs. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 655–675. doi: 10.1177/0011000005277823
36. Morrow S. L. (2005). Quality and trustworthiness in qualitative research in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 250–260. doi: 10.1037/00220167.52.2.250
37. Morrow S. L., Rakhsha G., Castaneda C. L. (2001). Qualitative research methods for multicultural counseling. In Ponterotto J. G., Casas J. M., Suzuki L. A., Alexander C. M. (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (2nd ed., pp. 575–603). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
38. Morrow S. L., Smith M. L. (2000). Qualitative research for counseling psychology. In Brown S. D., Lent R. W. (Eds.), Handbook of counseling psychology (3rd ed., pp. 199–230). New York: Wiley & Sons.
39. Munoz-Dunbar R., Stanton A. L. (1999). Ethnic diversity in clinical psychology: Recruitment and admission practices among doctoral programs. Teaching of Psychology, 26, 259–263.
40. Nelson M. L., Englar-Carlson M., Tierney S. C., Hau J. M. (2006). Class jumping into academia: Multiple identities for counseling academics. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 1–14. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.1
41. Neville H. A., Lilly R. L., Duran G., Lee R. M., Browne L. (2000). Construction and initial validation of the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (CoBRAS). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 59–70. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.59
42. Norton R. A., Coleman H.L.K. (2003). Multicultural supervision: The influence of race-related issues in supervision process and outcome. In Pope-Davis D. B., Coleman H.L.K., Liu W. M., Toporek R. L. (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural competencies in counseling and psychology (pp. 114–134). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
43. Patton M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
44. Phinney J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918–927. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.51.9.918
45. Plaut V. C., Thomas K. M., Goren M. J. (2009). Is multiculturalism or color blindness better for minorities? Psychological Science, 20, 444–446. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02318.x
46. Seidman I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
47. Shen-Miller D. S., Forrest L. (2009). Cross-cultural supervision, diversity, and problems of professional competence. In Burnes T. (Chair), Reaching for the stars with counseling supervision: Training the new generation. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, ON.
48. Shen-Miller D. S., Forrest L., Elman N. (2009). Training directors’ conceptualizations of the intersections of diversity and trainee competence problems: A preliminary analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 483–518. doi: 10.1177/0011000008316656
49. Solórzano D., Ceja M., Yosso T. (2000). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus racial climate: The experiences of African American college students. Journal of Negro Education, 69, 60–73.
50. Steele C. M., Aronson J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797–811. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
51. Sue D. W., Arredondo P., McDavis R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 477–486.
52. Sue D. W., Bingham R. P., Porche-Burke L., Vasquez M. (1999). The diversification of psychology: A multicultural revolution. American Psychologist, 54, 1061–1069.
53. Sue D. W., Lin A. I., Torino G. C., Capodilupo C. M., Rivera D. P. (2009). Racial microaggressions and difficult dialogues on race in the classroom. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15, 183–190. doi: 10.1037/a0014191
54. Sue D. W., Torino G. C., Capodilupo C. M., Rivera D. P., Lin A. I. (2009). How White faculty perceive and react to difficult dialogues about race. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 1090–1115. doi: 10.1177/0011000009340443
55. Swann C. R. (2003). Students’ perceptions of due process: Policies, procedures, and trainee problematic functioning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
56. Tedesco J. F. (1982). Premature termination of psychology interns. Professional Psychology, 13, 695–698. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.13.5.695
57. Thomas A. J., Witherspoon K. M., Speight S. L. (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 307–314. doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.307
58. Thompson C. E., Shin C. E., Stephens J. (2005). Race and research evidence. In Carter R. T. (Ed.), Handbook of racial-cultural psychology and counseling: Theory and research (Vol. 1) (pp. 277–294). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons.
59. Utsey S. O., Gernat C. A., Hammar L. (2005). Examining White counselor trainees’ reactions to racial issues in counseling and supervision dyads. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 449–478.
60. Vacha-Haase T. (1995, August). Impaired graduate students in APA-accredited clinical, counseling, and school psychology programs (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Texas A&M University, College Station.
61. Vasquez M.J.T. (1999). Trainee impairment: A response from a feminist/ multicultural retired trainer. The Counseling Psychologist, 27, 687–692. doi: 10.1177/ 0011000099275002
62. Wheeler S. (1996). The limits of tolerance in assessing the competence of counselling trainees. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 18, 173–188. doi: 10.1007/BF01407961
63. Yee A. H., Fairchild H. H., Weizmann F., Wyatt G. E. (1993). Addressing psychology’s problems with race. American Psychologist, 48, 1132–1140.
64. Young G. (2004). Dealing with difficult classroom dialogues. In Bronstein P., Quina K. (Eds.), Teaching gender and multicultural awareness (pp. 437–460). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.