Sodium chloride sorption in sulfonated polymers for membrane applications

Journal of Membrane Science

Volumn 423-424, Issue , 2012, Pages 195-208

  Geise, Geoffrey M ^a   Falcon, Linda P ^a   Freeman, Benny D ^a   Paul, Donald R ^a  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

Donnan exclusion; Ion exchange; Ion sorption; Salt partitioning; Solution diffusion

Indexed keywords

AQUEOUS NACL SOLUTIONS; ASHING TECHNIQUES; CATION EXCHANGES; CHARGED POLYMERS; CHLORIDE ION CONCENTRATION; CHLORIDE IONS; DIACRYLATES; DONNAN EXCLUSION; FLAME ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ION SORPTION; MOLAR CONCENTRATION; NEUTRAL PH; PENTABLOCK COPOLYMERS; RANDOM COPOLYMER; SIMPLE SALTS; SOLUTION-DIFFUSION; SORPTION DATA; SULFONATE GROUPS; SULFONATED POLYSULFONE; TWO PHASE; UNCHARGED POLYMERS; WATER SORPTION; WATER UPTAKE;

COPOLYMERS; DESORPTION; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; ION EXCHANGE; POLYMER FILMS; POSITIVE IONS; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

POLYMERS;

CHLORIDE; COPOLYMER; MACROGOL DERIVATIVE; POLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL DIACRYLATE); POLYSULFONE; SODIUM; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STYRENE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WATER;

ADSORPTION; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; DILUTION; ION EXCHANGE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WATER TRANSPORT;

EID: 84867744081     PISSN: 03767388     EISSN: 18733123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.08.014     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Geise G.M., Lee H.-S., Miller D.J., Freeman B.D., McGrath J.E., Paul D.R. Water purification by membranes: the role of polymer science. J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 2010, 48:1685-1718.
2. Greenlee L.F., Lawler D.F., Freeman B.D., Marrot B., Moulin P. Reverse osmosis desalination: water sources, technology, and today's challenges. Water Res. 2009, 43:2317-2348.
3. Lee K.P., Arnot T.C., Mattia D. A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for desalination-development to date and future potential. J. Membr. Sci. 2011, 370:1-22.
4. Kalogirou S.A. Seawater desalination using renewable energy sources. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2005, 31:242-281.
5. Cath T., Childress Y., A.E., Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments. J. Membr. Sci. 2006, 281:70-87.
6. McCutcheon J.R., McGinnis R.L., Elimelech M. A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process. Desalination 2005, 174:1-11.
7. McGinnis R.L., McCutcheon J.R., Elimelech M. A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation. J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 305:13-19.
8. Thorsen T., Holt T. The potential for power production from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 335:103-110.
9. Skilhagen S.E., Dugstad J.E., Aaberg R.J. Osmotic power-power production based on the osmotic pressure difference between waters with varying salt gradients. Desalination 2008, 220:476-482.
10. Achilli A., Cath T.Y., Childress A.E. Power generation with pressure retarded osmosis: an experimental and theoretical investigation. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 343:42-52.
11. Post J.W., Veerman J., Hamelers H.V.M., Euverink G.J.W., Metz S.J., Nymeijer K., Buisman C.J.N. Salinity-gradient power: evaluation of pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis. J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 288:218-230.
12. Xu T.W. Ion exchange membranes: state of their development and perspective. J. Membr. Sci. 2005, 263:1-29.
13. Nagarale R.K., Gohil G.S., Shahi V.K. Recent developments on ion-exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006, 119:97-130.
14. Grimm J., Bessarabov D., Sanderson R. Review of electro-assisted methods for water purification. Desalination 1998, 115:285-294.
15. DŁugołecki P., Anet B., Metz S.J., Nijmeijer K., Wessling M. Transport limitations in ion exchange membranes at low salt concentrations. J. Membr. Sci. 2010, 346:163-171.
16. Veerman J., de Jong R.M., Saakes M., Metz S.J., Harmsen G.J. Reverse electrodialysis: comparison of six commercial membrane pairs on the thermodynamic efficiency and power density. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 343:7-15.
17. DŁugołecki P., Gambier A., Nijmeijer K., Wessling M. Practical potential of reverse electrodialysis as process for sustainable energy generation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:6888-6894.
18. Turek M., Bandura B. Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis. Desalination 2007, 205:67-74.
19. Biesheuvel P.M., van der Wal A. Membrane capacitive deionization. J. Membr. Sci. 2010, 346:256-262.
20. TM: an alternative desalination solution. Desalination 2005, 183:327-340.
21. Lee J.-B., Park K.-K., Eum H.-M., Lee C.-W. Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization. Desalination 2006, 196:125-134.
22. Biesheuvel P.M., van Limpt B., van der Wal A. Dynamic adsorption/desorption process model for capacitive deionization. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113:5636-5640.
23. Jung H.-H., Hwang S.-W., Hyun S.-H., Lee K.-H., Kim G.-T. Capacitive deionization characteristics of nanostructured carbon aerogel electrodes synthesized via ambient drying. Desalination 2007, 216:377-385.
24. 3 solutions with carbon aerogel electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 143:159-169.
25. Lonsdale H.K., Merten U., Riley R.L. Transport properties of cellulose acetate osmotic membranes. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 1965, 9:1341-1362.
26. Yasuda H., Lamaze C.E., Ikenberry L.D. Permeability of solutes through hydrated polymer membranes. Part I. Diffusion of sodium chloride. Die Makromol. Chem. 1968, 118:19-35.
27. Paul D.R. Reformulation of the solution-diffusion theory of reverse osmosis. J. Membr. Sci. 2004, 241:371-386.
28. Wijmans J.G., Baker R.W. The solution-diffusion model: a review. J. Membr. Sci. 1995, 107:1-21.
29. Ju H., Sagle A.C., Freeman B.D., Mardel J.I., Hill A.J. Characterization of sodium chloride and water transport in poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels. J. Membr. Sci. 2010, 358:131-141.
30. Sagle A.C., Ju H., Freeman B.D., Sharma M.M. PEG-based hydrogel membrane coatings. Polymer 2009, 50:756-766.
31. Glueckauf E. A new approach to ion-exchange polymers. Proc. R. Soc. London A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 1962, 268:350-370.
32. Glueckauf E., Watts R.E. The Donnan law and its application to ion-exchanger polymers. Proc. R. Soc. London A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 1962, 268:339-349.
33. Mauritz K.A., Moore R.B. State of understanding of Nafion. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104:4535-4585.
34. Helfferich F. Ion Exchange 1995, Dover Publications, New York.
35. Strathmann H. Ion exchange membranes. Membrane Handbook 1992, 230-245. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. W.S. Winston Ho, K.K. Sirkar (Eds.).
36. DŁugołecki P., Nijmeijer K., Metz S., Wessling M. Current status of ion exchange membranes for power generation from salinity gradients. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 319:214-222.
37. Kimura S.G. Reverse osmosis performance of sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene ether) ion exchange membranes. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1971, 10:335-339.
38. Sata T. Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Characterization, Modification and Application 2004, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge.
39. 2 versus NaCl in highly-charged sulfonated polymer membranes. Modern Applications in Membrane Science and Technology 2011, 239-245. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. I.C. Escobar, B. Van der Bruggen (Eds.).
40. Hickner M.A. Ion-containing polymers: new energy & clean water. Mater. Today 2010, 13:34-41.
41. Park H.B., Freeman B.D., Zhang Z.-B., Sankir M., McGrath J.E. Highly chlorine-tolerant polymers for desalination. Angew. Chem. 2008, 120:6108-6113.
42. G.M. Geise, B.D. Freeman, D.R. Paul, Water and ion transport through sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer membranes for reverse osmosis applications, in: ANTEC 2009-Proceedings of the 67th Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, IL, 2009, pp. 97-101.
43. Geise G.M., Freeman B.D., Paul D.R. Characterization of a novel sulfonated pentablock copolymer for desalination applications. Polymer 2010, 51:5815-5822.
44. Xie W., Cook J., Park H.B., Freeman B.D., Lee C.H., McGrath J.E. Fundamental salt and water transport properties in directly copolymerized disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers. Polymer 2011, 52:2032-2043.
45. G.M. Geise, C.L. Willis, C.M. Doherty, A.J. Hill, T.J. Bastow, J. Ford, K.I. Winey, B.D. Freeman, D.R. Paul, Characterization of aluminum-neutralized sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer films, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, , submitted for publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie202546z.
46. Geise G.M., Park H.B., Sagle A.C., Freeman B.D., McGrath J.E. Water permeability and water/salt selectivity tradeoff in polymers for desalination. J. Membr. Sci. 2011, 369:130-138.
47. Merten U. Flow relationships in reverse osmosis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1963, 2:229-232.
48. Helfferich F. Chapter 8: Ion-exchanger membranes, in: Ion Exchange 1995, Dover Publications, New York, pp. 339-420.
49. Cussler E.L. Chapter 17: Membranes, in: Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems 1997, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 427-466.
50. Pusch W. Measurement techniques of transport through membranes. Desalination 1986, 59:105-198.
51. Bason S., Oren Y., Freger V. Characterization of ion transport in thin films using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy II: examination of the polyamide layer of RO membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 302:10-19.
52. H. Yasuda, C.E. Lamaze, Improved membranes for reverse osmosis, Office of Saline Water Research and Development Progress Report No. 473, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1969.
53. H.K. Lonsdale, C.E. Milstead, B.P. Cross, F.M. Graber, Study of rejection of various solutes by reverse osmosis membranes, Office of Saline Water Research and Development Progress Report No. 447, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1969.
54. Matteucci S., Yampolskii Y., Freeman B.D., Pinnau I. Transport of gases and vapors in glassy and rubbery polymers. Materials Science of Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation 2006, 1-47. Wiley, London. Y. Yampolskii, I. Pinnau, B.D. Freeman (Eds.).
55. Donnan F.G. The theory of membrane equilibria. Chem. Rev. 1924, 1:73-90.
56. Pintauro P.N., Bennion D.N. Mass transport of electrolytes in membranes. 2. Determination of sodium chloride equilibrium and transport parameters for Nafion. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1984, 23:234-243.
57. Huang K.-L., Holsen T.M., Selman J.R. Anion partitioning in and diffusion through a Nafion membrane. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42:3620-3625.
58. Petropoulos J.H., Tsimboukis D.G., Kouzeli K. Non-equipotential volume membrane models. Relation between the Glueckauf and equipotential surface models. J. Membr. Sci. 1983, 16:379-389.
59. Petropoulos J.H., Kimura Y., Iijima T. Ionic partition equilibria of a simple organic electrolyte in chemically modified charged cellulosic membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 1988, 38:39-53.
60. Zaikov G.E., Iordanskii A.P., Markin V.S. Diffusion of Electrolytes in Polymers 1988, VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
61. Pintauro P.N., Tandon R., Chao L., Xu W., Evilia R. Equilibrium partitioning of monovalent/divalent cation-salt mixtures in Nafion cation-exchange membranes. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99:12915-12924.
62. Tandon R., Pintauro P.N. Solvent effects during multicomponent ion uptake into a Nafion cation-exchange membrane. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 341:21-29.
63. NEXARTM polymers breathes new life into high performance textiles applications, http://www.kraton.com/Investor_Relations/Press_Releases/PR_20090826/.
64. J. Flood, D. Dubois, C.L. Willis, R. Bening, Sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer membranes for high water transport rate applications, in: ANTEC 2009-Proceedings of the 67th Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, IL, 2009, pp. 107-112.
65. A.K. Kota, K.I. Winey, Morphology of sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymer solutions and membranes, in: ANTEC 2009-Proceedings of the 67th Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition, Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, IL, 2009, pp. 113-116.
66. Choi J.H., Kota A., Winey K.I. Micellar morphology in sulfonated pentablock copolymer solutions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49:12093-12097.
67. Choi J.-H., Willis C.L., Winey K.I. Structure-property relationship in sulfonated pentablock copolymers. J. Membr. Sci., 394-395 2012, 169-174.
68. NEXARTM Polymers, http://www.kraton.com/products/nexar.php.
69. Ju H., McCloskey B.D., Sagle A.C., Wu Y.-H., Kusuma V.A., Freeman B.D. Crosslinked poly(ethyleneoxide) fouling resistant coating materials for oil/water separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2008, 307:260-267.
70. J.E. McGrath, H.B. Park, B.D. Freeman, , Chlorine resistant desalination membranes based on directly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers, US Patent 8,028,842 B2, 2011.
71. Xie W., Park H.B., Cook J., Lee C.H., Byun G., Freeman B.D., McGrath J.E. Advances in membrane materials: desalination membranes based on directly copolymerized disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers. Water Sci. Technol. 2010, 61:619-624.
72. Paul M., Park H.B., Freeman B.D., Roy A., McGrath J.E., Riffle J.S. Synthesis and crosslinking of partially disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers as candidates for chlorine resistant reverse osmosis membranes. Polymer 2008, 49:2243-2252.
73. C.L. Willis, D.L. Handlin, S.R. Trenor, B.D. Mather, Sulfonated block copolymers, method for making same, and various uses for such block copolymers, US Patent 7,737,224 B2, (2010).
74. Wang F., Hickner M., Kim Y.S., Zawodzinski T.A., McGrath J.E. Direct polymerization of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random (statistical) copolymers: candidates for new proton exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 2002, 197:231-242.
75. L.K.R. Passaniti, Solubility measurements in partially disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) for reverse osmosis water purification applications, M.S. Thesis, The University of Texas, Austin, TX.
76. Harrison W.L., Hickner M.A., Kim Y.S., McGrath J.E. Poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers and related systems from disulfonated monomer building blocks: synthesis, characterization, and performance-a topical review. Fuel Cells 2005, 5:201-212.
77. Xie W., Geise G.M., Freeman B.D., Lee C.H., McGrath J.E. Influence of processing history on water and salt transport properties of disulfonated polysulfone random copolymers. Polymer 2012, 53:1581-1592.
78. C.L. Willis, D.L. Handlin, S.R. Trenor, B.D. Mather, Composition containing sulfonated block copolymers and articles made therefrom, US Patent 7,919,565 B2, 2011.
79. C.L. Willis, D.L. Handlin, S.R. Trenor, B.D. Mather, Process for preparing sulfonated block copolymers and various uses for such block copolymers, US Patent Application 2010/0203784 A1, 2010.
80. Stumm W., Morgan J.J. Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters 1996, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 3rd ed.
81. Cussler E.L. Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems 2003, Cambridge University Press, New York. 2nd ed.
82. ASTM, Standard test method for ash in the analysis sample of coal and coke from coal, D3174-11, 2011.
83. Haynes W.M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Internet Version 2011) 2011, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 91st ed.
84. Crompton T.R. Determination of Metals in Natural and Treated Waters 2002, Spon Press, New York.
85. Ewing G.W. Analytical Instrumentation Handbook 1997, Marcel Dekker, New York. 2nd ed.
86. B.E. Poling, G.H. Thomson, D.G. Friend, R.L. Rowley, W.V. Wilding, Section 2: Physical and chemical data, in: Perry's Chemical Engineerings' Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008.
87. Khare A.R., Peppas N. Swelling/deswelling of anionic copolymer gels. Biomaterials 1995, 16:559-567.
88. Pintauro P.N., Bennion D.N. Mass transport of electrolytes in membranes. 1. Development of mathematical transport model. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1984, 23:230-234.
89. Mafe S., Ramirez P., Pellicer J. Activity coefficients and Donnan coion exclusion in charged membranes with weak-acid fixed charge groups. J. Membr. Sci. 1998, 138:269-277.
90. Bandini S., Vezzani D. Nanofiltration modeling: The role of dielectric exclusion in membrane characterization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2003, 58:3303.
91. Schaep J., Vandecasteele C., Mohammad A.W., Bowen W.R. Modelling the retention of ionic components for different nanofiltration membranes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2001, 22-23:169-179.
92. Yaroshchuk A.E. Non-steric mechanisms of nanofiltration: superposition of Donnan and dielectric exclusion. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2001, 22-23:143-158.
93. Schaep J., Van der Bruggen B., Vandecasteele C., Wilms D. Influence of ion size and charge in nanofiltration. Sep. Purif. Technol. 1998, 14:155-162.
94. Couture G., Alaaeddine A., Boschet F., Ameduri B. Polymeric materials as anion-exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011, 36:1521-1557.
95. Petropoulos J.H. Membrane transport properties in relation to microscopic and macroscopic structural inhomogeneity. J. Membr. Sci. 1990, 52:305-323.
96. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker, Chapter 25: Electric Potential, in: Fundamentals of Physics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2003.
97. P.R. Bevington, D.K. Robinson, Chapter 8: Least-squares fit to an arbitrary function, in: Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003, pp. 142-167.
98. Robinson R.A., Stokes R.H. Electrolyte Solutions 2002, Dover, Mineola, NY. 2nd ed.
99. Pitzer K.S., Mayorga G. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. II. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent. J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77:2300-2308.