Evaluation of the potential airborne release of carbon nanofibers during the preparation, grinding, and cutting of epoxy-based nanocomposite material

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 308-318

  Methner, M ^a   Crawford, C ^a   Geraci, C ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon nanofiber; Composite; Cutting; Exposure; Grinding; Nanomaterials; Release; Sanding

Indexed keywords

CARBON; NANOFIBER;

AIR CONDITIONING; AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EXPOSURE; GAS MASK; HUMAN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

AIR POLLUTANTS, OCCUPATIONAL; CARBON; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; NANOFIBERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES; VENTILATION;

EID: 84867587125     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: 15459632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2012.670790     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Shvedova, A.A., E.R. Kisin, R. Mercer, et al.: Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 289:L698–L708 (2005).
2. Shvedova, A.A., E. Kisin, A.R. Murray, et al.: Inhalation versus aspiration of single walled carbon nanotubes in C57BL/6 mice: Inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress andmutagenesis. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 295: L552–L565 (2008).
3. Muller, J., F. Huaux, N. Moreau, et al.: Respiratory toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207(3):221–231 (2005).
4. Porter, D.W., A.F. Hubbs, R.R. Mercer, et al.: Mouse pulmonary doseand time course-responses induced by exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicology 269:136–147 (2010).
5. Pauluhn, J.: Subchronic 13-week inhalation exposure of rats to multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Toxic effects are determined by density of agglomerate structures, not fibrillar structures. Toxicol. Sci. 113(1):226–242 (2010).
6. Mercer, R.R., A.F. Hubbs, J.F. Scabilloni, et al.: Distribution and persistence of pleural penetrations by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 7(28):1–11 (2010).
7. Ostrowski, A.D., T. Martin, J. Conti, et al.: Nanotoxicology: Characterizing the scientific literature, 2000–2007. J. Nanopart. Res. 11:251–257 (2009).
8. Ajayan, P.M., and J.M. Tour: Materials science: Nanotube composites. Nature 447(7148):1066–1068 (2007).
9. Thostenson, E.T., C. Li, and W. Chou: Nanocomposites in context. Comp. Sci. Tech. 65:491–516 (2005).
10. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Evaluating the potential for release of carbon nanotubes and subsequent occupational exposure during processing of a nanocomposite, by A. Gupta, D.J.Gaspar, M.G. Yost, et al. In Nanotechnology Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety. Cincinnati, Ohio: DHHS, NIOSH, 2006.
11. Bello, D., B. Wardle, N. Yamamoto, et al.: Exposure to nanoscale particles and fibers during machining of hybrid advanced composites containing carbon nanotubes. J. Nanopart. Res. 11:231–249 (2009).
12. Bello, D., J.A. Hart, K. Ahn, et al.: Particle exposure levels during CVD growth and subsequent handling of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films. Carbon (46):974–981 (2008).
13. Tsai, S., M. Hofmann, M. Hallock, E. Ada, J. Kong, and M. Ellenbecker: Characterization and evaluation of nanoparticle release during the synthesis of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:6017–6023 (2009).
14. Methner, M.M., M.E. Birch, D.E. Evans, B.K. Ku, K.G. Crouch, and M.D. Hoover: Case Study: Identification and characterization of potential sources of worker exposure to carbon nanofibers during polymer composite laboratory operations. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 4:D125–D130 (2007).
15. Methner, M., L. Hodson, and C. Geraci: Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique (NEAT) for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials. Part A. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7:127–132 (2010).
16. Methner, M., L. Hodson, A. Dames, and C. Geraci: Nanoparticle Emission Assessment Technique (NEAT) for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials. Part B: Results from 12 field studies. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7:163–176 (2010).
17. Evans, D.E., B.K. Ku, M.E. Birch, and K.H. Dunn: Aerosolmonitoring during carbon nanofiber production: mobile direct-reading sampling. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 54(5):514–531 (2010).
18. Cena, L.G., and T.M. Peters: Characterization and control of airborne particles emitted during the production of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8:86–92 (2011).
19. Han, J.H., E.J. Lee, J.H. Lee et al.: Monitoring multiwalled carbon nanotube exposure in carbon nanotube research facility. Inhalat. Toxicol. 20:741–749 (2008).
20. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Method 5040, Elemental carbon; Method 7402, Asbestos by TEM. In NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4th ed., Issue 1. (DHHS/NIOSH Pub. No. 94-113). Cincinnati, Ohio: DHHS, NIOSH, 2006.
21. Hinds, W.C.: Condensation, evaporation and optical properties. In Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
22. Schmoll, L.H., T.M. Peters, and P.T. O’Shaughnessy: Use of a condensation particle counter and an optical particle counter to assess the number concentration of engineered nanoparticles. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7:535–545 (2010).
23. Bello, D., B. Wardle, J. Zhang, N. Yamamoto, C. Santeufemio, M. Hallock, and A. Virjiet: Characterization of exposures to nanoscale particles and fibers during solid core drilling of hybrid carbon nanotube advanced composites. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health. 16:434–450 (2010).
24. Johnson, D.R., M.M. Methner, A.J. Kennedy, and J. A. Steevens: Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 118(1):49–54 (2010).
25. Kim, T., and M. Flynn: Airflow pattern around a worker in a uniform freestream. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 52:287–296 (1991).
26. Tsai, S., R.F. Huang, and M.J. Ellenbecker: Airborne nanoparticle exposures while using constant-flow, constant-velocity, and air-curtainisolated fume hoods. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 54(1):78–87(2010).
27. Methner, M.M.: Effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in controlling engineered nanomaterials emissions during reactor cleanout operations. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 5:D63–D69 (2008).
28. Methner, M.M.: Effectiveness of a custom-fitted flange and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system in controlling the release of nanoscale metal oxide particulates during reactor cleanout operations. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health. 16:475–487 (2010).
29. Tinkle, S., J. Antonini, B. Rich, et al.: Skin as a route of exposure and sensitization in chronic beryllium disease. Environ. Health Perspect. 111(9):1202–1208 (2003).
30. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: Managing the Health and Safety Concerns Associated with Engineered Nanomaterials (Pub. No. 2009-125). Cincinnati, Ohio: NIOSH, 2009.