Aerosol monitoring during carbon nanofiber production: Mobile direct-reading sampling

Annals of Occupational Hygiene

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 514-531

  Evans, Douglas E ^a   Ku, Bon Ki ^a   Birch, M Eileen ^a   Dunn, Kevin H ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

carbon monoxide; emissions; exposure; exposure controls; nanofibers; nanomaterial; nanoparticle; nanotubes; occupational; ultrafine; workplace

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; CARBON; CARBON MONOXIDE; COAL COMBUSTION; EXPOSURE CONTROLS; NANOFIBERS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PHOTOELECTRICITY; PHOTOMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; YARN;

EXPOSURE; NANOMATERIAL; OCCUPATIONAL; ULTRAFINE; WORKPLACE;

CARBON NANOFIBERS;

EID: 84894287923     PISSN: 00034878     EISSN: 14753162     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meq015     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. ACGIH. (2007) Industrial ventilation: a manual of recommended practice. 26th edn. Cincinnati, OH. ACGIH Signature Publications.
2. ACGIH. (2008) 2008 TLVs and BEIs threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH Signature Publications.
3. Baltensperger U et al. (2001) Dynamic mass and surface area measurements. In: Baron PA and Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement-principles, techniques, and applications. New York: Wiley-Interscience; pp. 387-418.
4. Brockmann JE. (2001) Sampling and transport of aerosols. In: Baron PA and Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurementprinciples, techniques, and applications. New York: Wiley-Interscience; pp. 143-95.
5. Brouwer DH, Gijsbers JHJ, Lurvink MWM. (2004) Personal exposure to ultrafine particles in the workplace: exploring sampling techniques and strategies. Ann Occup Hyg; 48: 439-53.
6. Burtscher H. (1992) Measurement and characteristics of combustion aerosols with special consideration of photoelectric charging and charging by flame ions. J Aerosol Sci; 23: 549-95.
7. CFR. (1997) 29 CFR 1910.1000, chapter XVII-Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Table Z-1, limits for air contaminants. Washington, DC: US Federal Register.
8. Dasch J et al. (2005) Characterization of fine particles from machinery in automotive plants. J Occup Environ Hyg; 2: 609-25.
9. DeCarlo PE et al. (2004) Particle morphology and density characterization by combined mobility and aerodynamic diameter measurements. Part 1: theory. Aerosol Sci Technol; 38: 1185-204.
10. Evans DE et al. (2008) Ultrafine and respirable particles in an automotive grey iron foundry. Ann Occup Hyg; 52: 9-21.
11. Gebhart J. (2001) Optical direct-reading techniques: light intensity systems. In: Baron PA and Willeke K, editors. Aerosol measurement-principles, techniques, and applications. New York: Wiley-Interscience; pp. 419-54.
12. Hämeri K et al. (2002) The particle detection efficiency of the TSI-3007 condensation particle counter. J Aerosol Sci; 33: 1463-9.
13. Heitbrink WA et al. (2007) The characterization and mapping of very fine particles in an engine machining and assembly facility. J Occup Environ Hyg; 4: 341-51.
14. Heitbrink WA et al. (2009) Relationships among particle number, surface area, and respirable mass concentration in automotive engine manufacturing. J Occup Environ Hyg; 6: 19-31.
15. Hirst N, Brocklebank M, Ryder M. (2002) Containment systems: a design guide. Warwickshire, UK: Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE).
16. Holman MN et al. (2007) The nanotech report. 5th edn. New York: Lux Research.
17. ISO/TS 27687:2008. (2008) Nanotechnologies: terminology and definitions for nano-object; nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standard Organization.
18. Kisin E et al. (2010) Pulmonary response, oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by carbon nanofibers. Toxicologist, 114: 169.
19. Knibbs LD et al. (2007) A simple and inexpensive dilution system for the TSI 3007 condensation particle counter. Atmos Environ; 41: 4553-7.
20. Ku BK, Maynard AD. (2005) Comparing aerosol surface-area measurements of monodisperse ultrafine silver agglomerates by mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy and diffusion charging. J Aerosol Sci; 36: 1108-24.
21. Ku BK et al. (2006) In situ structure characterization of airborne carbon nanofibers by a tandem mobility-mass analysis. Nanotechnology; 17: 3613-21.
22. Kuhlbusch TAJ, Neumann S, Fissan H. (2004) Number size distribution, mass concentration and particle composition of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in bag filling areas of carbon black production. J Occup Environ Hyg; 1: 660-71.
23. Leidel NA, Busch KA, Lynch JR. (1977) Occupational exposure sampling strategy manual. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-173. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
24. Lux Research. (2008) Nanomaterials state of the market Q3 2008: stealth success, broad impact. Boston, MA: Available at http://www.luxresearchinc.com/.
25. Maynard AD, Kuempel ED. (2005) Airborne nanostructured particles and occupational health. J Nanoparticle Res; 7: 587-614.
26. Maynard AD et al. (2007) Measuring particle size-dependent physicochemical structure in airborne single walled carbon nanotube agglomerates. J Nanopart Res; 9: 85-92.
27. McKernan JL et al. (2007) Evaluation of a proposed area equation for improved exothermic control. Ann Occup Hyg; 51: 725-83.
28. Methner M, Hodson L, Geraci C. (2010) Nanoparticle emission assessment technique (NEAT) for the identification and measurement of potential inhalation exposure to engineered nanomaterials. Part A. J Occup Environ Hyg; 7: 127-32.
29. Murray AR et al. (2009) Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dermal toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicology; 257: 161-71.
30. NIOSH. (1972) Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to carbon monoxide. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 73-11000. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
31. NIOSH. (1994) Documentation for immediately dangerous to life and concentrations (IDLH). NTIS Publication No. PB-94-195047. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
32. NIOSH. (1998) Method 0600 particles not otherwise regulated-respirable. Cassinelli ME and O'Connor PF, editors. NIOSH manual of analytical methods (NMAM). 4th edn. Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, pp. 1-6.
33. Oberdörster G et al. (2005) Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fiber Toxicol; 2: 8. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-2-8.
34. Old L, Methner MM. (2008) Engineering case report: effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in controlling engineered nanomaterial emissions during reactor cleanout operations. J Occup Environ Hyg; 5: D63-9.
35. Ott WR, Siegmann HC. (2006) Using multiple continuous fine particle monitors to characterize tobacco, incense, candle, cooking, wood burning and vehicular sources in indoor, outdoor, and in-transit settings. Atmos Environ; 40: 821-43.
36. Peters TM et al. (2006) The mapping of fine and ultrafine particle concentrations in an engine machining and assembly facility. Ann Occup Hyg; 50: 249-57.
37. Poland CA et al. (2008) Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nat Nanotechnol; 3: 423-8.
38. Ramachandran G et al. (2005) Mass, surface area and number metrics in diesel occupational exposure assessment. J Environ Monit; 7: 728-35.
39. Roco MC, Bainbridge WS. (2005) Societal implications of nanoscience and nanotechnology: maximizing human benefits. J Nanopart Res; 7: 1-13.
40. Shvedova AA et al. (2005) Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol; 289: 698-708.
41. Shvedova AA et al. (2008) Inhalation versus aspiration of singlewalled carbon nanotubes in C57bl/6mice: inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and mutagenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol; 295: L552-65.
42. Siegmann K, Scherrer L, Siegmann HC. (1999) Physical and chemical properties of airborne nanoscale particles and how to measure impact on health. J Mol Struct; 458: 191-201.
43. TSI. (2006) Model 8520 DustTrak Aerosol Monitor. Operation and service manual. Shoreview, MN.
44. Vincent JH. (1995) Aerosol science for industrial hygienists. Oxford, UK: Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd.
45. Vincent JH. (2007) Aerosol sampling: science, standards, instrumentation and applications. Chichester, UK: JohnWiley and Sons Ltd.
46. Wang H, Xu Z, Eres G. (2006) Order in vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays. Appl Phys Lett; 88: 213111.
47. Wang H et al. (2007) Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes on double-sided metallic substrate by chemical vapor deposition. J Phys Chem C; 111: 12617-24.
48. Yeganeh B et al. (2008) Characterization of airborne particles during production of carbonaceous nanomaterials. Environ Sci Technol; 42: 4600-6.