Professor age and research assistant ratings of passive-avoidant and proactive leadership: The role of age-related work concerns and age stereotypes

Studies in Higher Education

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 875-896

  Zacher, Hannes ^a   Bal, P Matthijs ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

age; age stereotypes; passive avoidant and proactive leadership; work concerns

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867279994     PISSN: 03075079     EISSN: 1470174X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2011.557829     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Aiken, L. S. and West, S. G. 1991. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions, Newbury Park, CA: SAGE.
2. Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung. 2008. Bildung in Deutschland 2008 [Education in Germany 2008], Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.
3. Avolio, B. J. and Bass, B. M. 1995. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden.
4. Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M. and Jung, D. I. 1999. Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72: 441-62.
5. Avolio, B. J. and Gibbons, T. C. 1988. "Developing transformational leaders: A life span approach". In Charismatic leadership: The elusive factor in organizational effectiveness, Edited by: Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, R. N. 276-308. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
6. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O. and Weber, T. J. 2009. Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 421-49.
7. Baltes, P. B. and Baltes, M. M. 1990. "Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation". In Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, Edited by: Baltes, P. B. and Baltes, M. M. 1-34. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M. and Lindenberger, U. 1999. Lifespan psychology: Theory and application to intellectual functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50: 471-507.
9. Barbuto, J. E., Fritz, S. M., Matkin, G. S. and Marx, D. B. 2007. Effects of gender, education, and age upon leaders' use of influence tactics and full range of leadership behaviors. Sex Roles, 56: 71-83.
10. Baron, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51: 1173-82.
11. Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations, New York: The Free Press.
12. Bass, B. M. 1999. Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8: 9-32.
13. Bass, B. M. and Avolio, B. J. 1994. Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
14. Birren, J. 1999. "Theories of aging: A personal perspective". In Handbook of theories of aging, Edited by: Bengtson, V. L. and Schaie, K. W. New York: Springer.
15. Bryman, A. 2007. Effective leadership in higher education: A literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 32(6): 693-710.
16. Calo, T. J. 2005. The generativity track: A transitional approach to retirement. Public Personnel Management, 34(4): 301-12.
17. Calo, T. J. 2007. Boomer generativity: An organizational resource. Public Personnel Management, 36(4): 387-95.
18. Carstensen, L. L. 1992. Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7: 331-38.
19. Cohen, J. E. 2003. Human population: The next half century. Science, 302: 1172-75.
20. Crant, J. M. and Bateman, T. S. 2000. Charismatic leadership viewed from above: The impact of proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1): 63-75.
21. Davies, J., Hides, M. T. and Casey, S. 2001. Leadership in higher education. Total quality management & business excellence, 12(7): 1025-30.
22. DeArmond, S., Tye, M., Chen, P. Y., Krauss, A., Rogers, D. A. and Sintek, E. 2006. Age and gender stereotypes: New challenges in a changing workplace and workforce. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(9): 2184-214.
23. Den Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J. and Koopman, P. L. 1997. Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70: 19-34.
24. Dorfman, L. T. 2009. Ten years later: A follow-up study of professors still working after age 70. Educational Gerontology, 35(11): 1032-45.
25. Erikson, E. H. 1950. Childhood and society, New York: WW Norton.
26. European Commission. 2010. Green paper: Toward adequate, sustainable and safe European pension systems, Brussels: European Commission.
27. Fay, D. and Frese, M. 2001. The concept of personal initiative: An overview of validity studies. Human Performance, 14(1): 97-124.
28. Frese, M. 2005. "Grand theories and midrange theories: Cultural effects on theorizing and the attempt to understand active approaches to work". In The Oxford handbook of management theory: The process of theory development, Edited by: Smith, K. G. and Hitt, M. 84-108. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Frese, M., Beimel, S. and Schoenborn, S. 2003. Action training for charismatic leadership: Two evaluation studies of a commercial training module on inspirational communication of a vision. Personnel Psychology, 56: 671-97.
30. Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K. and Tag, A. 1997. The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Organizational and Occupational Psychology, 70: 139-61.
31. Griffin, M. A., Neal, A. and Parker, S. K. 2007. A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2): 327-47.
32. Hassell, B. L. and Perrewe, P. L. 1995. An examination of beliefs about older workers: Do stereotypes still exist?. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16: 457-68.
33. Hedge, J. W., Borman, W. C. and Lammlein, S. E. 2006. The aging workforce: Realities, myths, and implications for organizations, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
34. Hogan, R. and Kaiser, R. B. 2005. What we know about leadership. General Review of Psychology, 9(2): 169-80.
35. Hu, L. and Bentler, P. M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1): 1-55.
36. Ilmarinen, J. 2005. Towards a longer worklife! Ageing and the quality of worklife in the European Union, Helsinki: Finish Institute of Occupational Health.
37. Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A. and Rich, B. L. 2006. Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self-and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4): 762-75.
38. Judge, T. A. and Piccolo, R. F. 2004. Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 755-68.
39. Kaiser, R. B., Hogan, J. and Craig, S. B. 2008. Leadership and the fate of organizations. American Psychologist, 63(2): 96-110.
40. Kanfer, R. and Ackerman, P. L. 2004. Aging, adult development, and work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29(3): 440-58.
41. Karp, D. A. 1986. Academics beyond midlife: Some observations on changing consciousness in the fifty to sixty year decade. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 22(2): 81-103.
42. Kearney, E. 2008. Age differences between leader and followers as a moderator of the relationship between transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81: 803-11.
43. Kite, M. E., Stockdale, G. D., Whitley, B. E. and Johnson, B. T. 2005. Attitudes toward younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2): 241-66.
44. Lang, F. R. and Carstensen, L. L. 2002. Time counts: Future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. Psychology and Aging, 17(1): 125-39.
45. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G. and Sivasubramaniam, N. 1996. Effectiveness correlates of transfirmational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. Leadership Quarterly, 7: 385-425.
46. Macfarlane, B. 2011. Professors as intellectual leaders: Formation, identity and role. Studies in Higher Education, 36(1): 57-73.
47. McAdams, D. P. and De St. Aubin, E. 1992. A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(6): 1003-15.
48. McRoy, I. and Gibbs, P. 2009. Leading change in higher education. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(5): 687-704.
49. Mor-Barak, M. E. 1995. The meaning of work for older adults seeking employment: The generativity factor. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 41(4): 325-44.
50. Nelson, T. D. 2002. Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons, Edited by: Nelson, T. D. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
51. Ng, T. W.H. and Feldman, D. C. 2008. The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2): 392-423.
52. Palmore, E. B. 1999. Ageism: Negative and positive, 2, New York: Springer.
53. Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y. and Podsakoff, N. P. 2003. Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5): 879-903.
54. Posthuma, R. A. and Campion, M. A. 2009. Age stereotypes in the workplace: Common stereotypes, moderators, and future research directions. Journal of Management, 35(1): 158-88.
55. Pritchard, R. 2006. Trends in the restructuring of German universities. Comparative Education Review, 50(1): 90-112.
56. Rayner, S., Fuller, M., Mcewen, L. and Roberts, H. 2010. Managing leadership in the UK university: A case for researching the missing professoriate?. Studies in Higher Education, 35(6): 617-31.
57. Rosen, B. and Jerdee, T. H. 1976. The influence on age stereotypes on managerial decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(4): 428-32.
58. Rupp, D. E., Vodanovich, S. J. and Credé, M. 2006. Age bias in the workplace: The impact of ageism and causal attributions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(6): 1337-64.
59. Schafer, J. and Graham, J. 2002. Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2): 147-77.
60. Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M. and Kraimer, M. L. 1999. Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 416-27.
61. Simonton, D. K. 1989. The swan-song phenomenon: Last-works effects for 172 classical composers. Psychology and Aging, 4(1): 42-47.
62. Smola, K. W. and Sutton, C. D. 2002. Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23: 363-82.
63. Stroebe, W. 2010. The graying of academia: Will it reduce scientific productivity?. American Psychologist, 65(7): 660-73.
64. Turnbull, S. and Edwards, G. 2005. Leadership development for organizational change in a new UK university. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(3): 396-413.
65. Vecchio, R. P. 1993. The impact of differences in subordinate and supervisor age on attitudes and performance. Psychology and Aging, 8(1): 112-19.
66. Vecchio, R. P. and Anderson, R. J. 2009. Agreement in self-other ratings of leader effectiveness: The role of demographics and personality. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(2): 165-79.
67. Warr, P. B. 2001. "Age and work behaviour: Physical attributes, cognitive abilities, knowledge, personality traits and motives". In International review of industrial and organizational psychology, Edited by: Cooper, C. L. and Robertson, I. T. 1-36. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
68. Zacher, H. and Frese, M. 2009. Remaining time and opportunities at work: Relationships between age, work characteristics, and occupational future time perspective. Psychology and Aging, 24(2): 487-93.
69. Zacher, H., Heusner, S., Schmitz, M., Zwierzanska, M. M. and Frese, M. 2010. Focus on opportunities as a mediator of the relationships between age, job complexity, and work performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(3): 374-86.
70. Zacher, H., Rosing, K. and Frese, M. 2011. Age and leadership: The moderating role of legacy beliefs. Leadership Quarterly, 22(1): 43-50.
71. Zacher, H., Rosing, K., Henning, T. and Frese, M. 2011. Establishing the next generation at work: Leader generativity as a moderator of the relationships between leader age, leader-member exchange, and leadership success. Psychology and Aging, 26(1): 241-52.