Effects of environmental change, fisheries and trophodynamics on the ecosystem of the western Scotian Shelf, Canada

Marine Ecology Progress Series

Volumn 464, Issue , 2012, Pages 51-67

  Araújo, Júlio Neves ^a   Bundy, Alida ^a  

^a BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Carrying capacity; Climate change; Ecosystem based management; Groundfish seal interactions; Predation mortality

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; BIOMASS; CARRYING CAPACITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; FISH; FISHERY PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL GROUP; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; MORTALITY; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PINNIPED; PREDATION; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STRATIFICATION; TROPHIC INTERACTION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CANADA; SCOTIA SHELF;

EID: 84866647330     PISSN: 01718630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/meps09792     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Ahrens R, Walters C, Christensen V (2012) Foraging arena theory. Fish Fish 13:41-59
2. Ainsworth CH, Samhouri JF, Busch DS, Cheung WWL, Dunne J, Okey TA (2011) Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries. ICES J Mar. Sci 68:1217-1229
3. Araújo JN, Bundy A (2011) Description of three Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem models developed for the Bay of Fundy, western Scotian Shelf and NAFO Division 4X. Can Tech Rep Fish Aquat Sci 2952: xii + p 189
4. Araújo JN, Mackinson S, Stanford RJ, Sims DW and others (2006) Modelling food web interactions, variation in plankton production, and fisheries in the western English Channel ecosystem. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 309:175-187
5. Beaugrand G, Brander KM, Lindley JA, Souissi S, Reid PC (2003) Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea. Nature 426:661-664
6. Benoît HP, Swain DP (2008) Impacts of environmental change and direct and indirect harvesting effects on the dynamics of a marine fish community. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 65:2088-2104
7. Bowen WD, Harrison GD (1994) Offshore diet of grey seals Halichoerus grypus near Sable Island, Canada. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 112:1-11
8. Bowen WD, Lawson JW, Beck B (1993) Seasonal and geographic variation in the species composition and size of prey consumed by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on the Scotian Shelf. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:1768-1778
9. Boyce DG, Lewis MR, Worm B (2010) Global phytoplankton decline over the past century. Nature 466:591-596
10. Brown CJ, Fulton EA, Hobday AJ, Matear RJ and others (2010) Effects of climate-driven primary production change on marine food webs: implications for fisheries and conservation. Glob Change Biol 16:1194-1212
11. Buckley LJ, Caldarone EM, Lough RG (2004) Optimum temperature and food-limited growth of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank. Fish Oceanogr 13:134-140
12. Bundy A (2001) Fishing on ecosystems: the interplay of fishing and predation in Newfoundland-Labrador. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:1153-1167
13. Bundy A (2005) Structure and functioning of the eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem before and after the collapse of groundfish stocks in the early 1990s. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:1453-1473
14. Bundy A, Fanning LP (2005) Can Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) recover? Exploring trophic explanations for the non-recovery of the cod stock on the eastern Scotian Shelf, Canada. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:1474-1489
15. Bundy A, Heymans JJ, Morissette L, Savenkoff C (2009) Seals, cod and forage fish: a comparative exploration of variations in the theme of stock collapse and ecosystem change in four northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Prog Oceanogr 81:188-206
16. Carruthers EH, Neilson JD, Waters C, Perley P (2005) Longterm changes in the feeding of Pollachius virens on the Scotian Shelf: responses to a dynamic ecosystem. J Fish Biol 66:327-347
17. Choi JS, Frank KT, Leggett WC, Drinkwater K (2004) Transition to an alternate state in a continental shelf ecosystem. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 61:505-510
18. Christensen V, Walters C (2004) Ecopath with Ecosim: methods, capabilities and limitations. Ecol Model 172:109-139
19. Christensen V, Walters C, Pauly D (2005) Ecopath with Ecosim: a user's guide. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
20. Clark DS, Emberley J (2009) Assessment of cod in division 4X in 2008. Sci Advis Sec Res Doc 2009/018. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews
21. DFO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada) (2003) Proceedings of the zonal assessment meeting-Atlantic cod. Sci Advis Sec Proc Ser 2003/021. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews
22. DFO (2011) Impacts of grey seals on fish populations in eastern Canada. Sci Advis Sec Sci Advis Rep 2010/071. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Capital Region
23. Diaz H, Folland C, Manabe T, Parker D, Reynolds R, Woodruff S (2002) Workshop on advances in the use of historical marine climate data. WMO Bull 51:377-380
24. Field JC, Francis RC, Aydin K (2006) Top-down modeling and bottom-up dynamics: linking a fisheries-based ecosystem model with climate. Prog Oceanogr 68:238-270
25. Frank KT, Petrie B, Choi JS, Leggett WC (2005) Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308:1621-1623
26. Frank KT, Petrie B, Shackell NL, Choi JS (2006) Reconciling differences in trophic control in mid-latitude marine ecosystems. Ecol Lett 9:1096-1105
27. Frank KT, Petrie B, Shackell NL (2007) The ups and downs of trophic control in continental shelf ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 22:236-242
28. Fulton EA (2010) Approaches to end-to-end ecosystem models. J Mar. Syst 81:171-183
29. Gaichas SK, Aydin KY, Francis RC (2011) What drives dynamics in the Gulf of Alaska? Integrating hypotheses of species, fishing, and climate relationships using ecosystem modeling. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 68:1553-1578
30. Garcia SM, Kolding J, Rice J, Rochet MJ and others (2012) Reconsidering the consequences of selective fisheries. Science 335:1045-1047
31. Gargett AE (1997) The optimal stability 'window': a mechanism underlying decadal fluctuations in North Pacific salmon stocks? Fish Oceanogr 6:109-117
32. Genner MJ, Sims DW, Wearmouth VJ, Southall EJ, Southward AJ, Henderson PA, Hawkins SJ (2004) Regional climatic warming drives long-term community changes of British marine fish. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 271:655-661
33. Gregg WW, Conkright ME, Ginoux P, O'Reilly JE, Casey NW (2003) Ocean primary production and climate: global decadal changes. Geophys Res Lett 30, 1809, doi: 10.1029/2003GL016889
34. Gröger JP, Fogarty MJ (2011) Broad-scale climate influences on cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment on Georges Bank. ICES J Mar. Sci 68:592-602
35. Guénette S, Stephenson RL (2012) Accounting for predators in ecosystem-based management of herring fisheries of the Western Scotian Shelf. In: Kruse GH, Browman HI, Cochrane KL, Evans D and others (eds) Global progress in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, p 105-128
36. Harvey CJ, Cox SP, Essington TE, Hansson S, Kitchell JF (2003) An ecosystem model of food web and fisheries interactions in the Baltic Sea. ICES J Mar. Sci 60:939-950
37. Head EJH, Pepin P (2010) Spatial and inter-decadal variability in plankton abundance and composition in the northwest Atlantic (1958-2006). J Plankton Res 32:1633-1648
38. Hsieh C, Yamauchi A, Nakazawa T, Wang WF (2010) Fishing effects on age and spatial structures undermine population stability of fishes. Aquat Sci 72:165-178
39. Jennings S, Greenstreet SPR, Reynolds JD (1999) Structural change in an exploited fish community: a consequence of differential fishing effects on species with contrasting life histories. J Anim Ecol 68:617-627
40. Knight JR, Allan RJ, Folland CK, Vellinga M, Mann ME (2005) A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophys Res Lett 32, L20708, doi:10.1029/2005GL024233
41. Link JS, Bundy A (2012) Ecosystem modeling in the Gulf of Maine region: towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries. In: Stephenson RL, Annala JH, Runge JA, Hall-Arber M (eds) Advancing an ecosystem approach in the Gulf of Maine. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 79, Bethesda, MD. AFS, p 281-310
42. Link JS, Garrison LP (2002) Changes in piscivory associated with fishing induced changes to the finfish community on Georges Bank. Fish Res 55:71-86
43. Link J, O'Reilly J, Fogarty M, Dow D and others (2008a) Energy flow on Georges Bank revisited: the energy modeling and analysis exercise (EMAX) in historical context. J Northwest Atl Fish Sci 39:83-101
44. Link J, Overholtz W, O'Reilly J, Green J and others (2008b) The Northeast U. S. continental shelf energy modeling and analysis exercise (EMAX): ecological network model development and basic ecosystem metrics. J Mar. Syst 74:453-474
45. Link JS, Megrey BA, Miller TJ, Essington T and others (2010) Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production modelling workshop. Biol Lett 6:723-726
46. Link J, Bundy A, Overholtz WJ, Shackell N and others (2011) Ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Northwest Atlantic. Fish Fish 12:152-170
47. Longhurst A (2002) Murphy's law revisited: longevity as a factor in recruitment to fish populations. Fish Res 56:125-131
48. Mackinson S, Deas B, Beveridge D, Casey J (2009a) Mixedfishery or ecosystem conundrum? Multispecies considerations inform thinking on long-term management of North Sea demersal stocks. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 66:1107-1129
49. Mackinson S, Daskalov G, Heymans JJ, Neira S and others (2009b) Which forcing factors fit? Using ecosystem models to investigate the relative influence of fishing and changes in primary productivity on the dynamics of marine ecosystems. Ecol Model 220:2972-2987
50. Mahon R, Smith RW (1989) Demersal fish assemblages on the Scotian Shelf, northwest Atlantic: spatial distribution and persistence. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46(Suppl 1):s134-s152
51. Morán XAG, López-Urrutia A, Calvo-Díaz A, Li WKW (2010) Increasing importance of small phytoplankton in a warmer ocean. Glob Change Biol 16:1137-1144
52. O'Boyle R, Sinclair M (2012) Seal-cod interactions on the Eastern Scotian Shelf: Reconsideration of modelling assumptions. Fish Res 115-116:1-13
53. Ojaveer H, Eero M (2011) Methodological challenges in assessing the environmental status of a marine ecosystem: case study of the Baltic Sea. PLoS ONE 6:e19231
54. Perry RI, Cury P, Brander K, Jennings S, Möllmann C, Planque B (2010) Sensitivity of marine systems to climate and fishing: concepts, issues and management responses. J Mar. Syst 79:427-435
55. Plagányi ÉE, Butterworth DS (2004) A critical look at the potential of Ecopath with Ecosim to assist in practical fisheries management. Afr J Mar. Sci 26:261-287
56. Planque B, Fromentin JM, Cury P, Drinkwater K, Jennings S, Kifani S, Perry RI (2010) How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems sensitivity to climate? J Mar. Syst 79:403-417
57. Platt T, Fuentes-Yaco C, Frank KT (2003) Marine ecology: spring algal bloom and larval fish survival. Nature 423:398-399
58. Richardson AJ, Schoeman DS (2004) Climate impact on plankton ecosystems in the Northeast Atlantic. Science 305:1609-1612
59. Schlesinger ME, Ramankutty N (1994) An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65-70 years. Nature 367:723-726
60. Shackell NL, Frank KT (2003) Marine fish diversity on the Scotian Shelf, Canada. Aquat Conserv 13:305-321
61. Shackell NL, Frank KT (2007) Compensation in exploited marine fish communities on the Scotian Shelf, Canada. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 336:235-247
62. Shackell NL, Frank KT, Fisher JAD, Petrie B, Leggett WC (2010) Decline in top predator body size and changing climate alter trophic structure in an oceanic ecosystem. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 277:1353-1360
63. Shackell NL, Bundy A, Nye JA, Link JS (2012) Common large-scale responses to climate and fishing across Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. ICES J Mar. Sci 69:151-162
64. Shannon LJ, Christensen V, Walters CJ (2004) Modelling stock dynamics in the southern Benguela ecosystem for the period 1978-2002. Afr J Mar. Sci 26:179-196
65. Sherman K, Hempel G (eds) (2008) The UNEP Large Marine Ecosystem report: a perspective on changing conditions in LMEs of the world's Regional Seas. UNEP Regional Seas Report and Studies No. 182. UN Environment Programme, Nairobi. Available at www.lme.noaa.gov
66. Shin YJ, Shannon LJ, Bundy A, Coll M and others (2010) Using indicators for evaluating, comparing and communicating the ecological status of exploited marine ecosystems. Part 2: Setting the scene. ICES J Mar. Sci 67:692-716
67. Song H, Ji R, Stock C, Kearney K, Wang Z (2011) Interannual variability in phytoplankton blooms and plankton productivity over the Nova Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine. Mar. Ecol Prog Ser 426:105-118
68. Southward AJ, Langmead O, Hardman-Mountford NJ Aiken J and others (2005) Long-term oceanographic and ecological research in the western English Channel. Adv Mar. Biol 47:1-105
69. Steinacher M, Joos F, Frölicher TL, Bopp L and others (2010) Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis. Biogeosciences 7:979-1005
70. Swain DP (2011) Life-history evolution and elevated natural mortality in a population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Evol Appl 4:18-29
71. Trzcinski MK, Mohn R, Bowen WD (2009) Estimating the impact of grey seals on the eastern Scotian Shelf and western Scotian Shelf cod populations. Sci Advis Sec Res Doc 2009/052. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth
72. Walters CJ, Martell SJ (2004) Fisheries ecology and management. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
73. Worm B, Myers RA (2003) Meta-analysis of cod-shrimp interactions reveals top-down control in oceanic food webs. Ecology 84:162-173
74. Wright PJ, Trippel EA (2009) Fishery-induced demographic changes in the timing of spawning: consequences for reproductive success. Fish Fish 10:283-304
75. Yaffee R (2000) Introduction to time series analysis and forecasting: with applications of SAS and SPSS. Academic Press, London
76. Zwanenburg K, Bowen D, Bundy A, Frank K and others (2002) 4 decadal changes in the Scotian Shelf large marine ecosystem. In: Sherman K, Skjoldal HR (eds) Large marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic - changing states and sustainability, Vol 10. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p105-150