Can Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) recover? Exploring trophic explanations for the non-recovery of the cod stock on the eastern Scotian Shelf, Canada

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 62, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1474-1489

  Bundy, Alida ^a   Fanning, L Paul ^b  

^a BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Canada)

^b Food and Agriculture Organization   (Barbados)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GADOID; RECOVERY; STOCK COLLAPSE; TROPHIC CASCADE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; OCEANIC REGIONS; SCOTIA SHELF; WORLD;

CHIONOECETES OPILIO; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); GADUS MORHUA;

EID: 26944449703     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/f05-086     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Allen, K.R. 1971. Relation between production and biomass. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28(10): 1573-1581.
2. Beaugrand, G., Brander, K.M., Lindley, J.A., Souissi, S., and Reid, P.C. 2002. Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea. Nature (Lond.), 426(6967): 661-664.
3. Beaugrand, G., Reid, P.C., Ibanez, F., Lindley, J.A., and Edwards. M. 2003. Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science (Wash., D.C.), 296(5573): 1692-1694.
4. Bundy, A. 2001. Fishing on ecosystems: the interplay of fishing and predation in Newfoundland-Labrador. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 1153-1167.
5. Bundy, A. 2004. Mass balance models of the eastern Scotian Shelf before and after the cod collapse and other ecosystem changes. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 2520.
6. Bundy, A. 2005. Structure and functioning of the eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem before and after the collapse of groundfish stocks in early 1990s. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62: 1453-1473.
7. Carpenter, S.C., Kitchell, J.F., and Hodgson, J.R. 1985. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. Bioscience, 35: 634-639.
8. Christensen, V., and Pauly, D. 1992. A guide to the Ecopath II software system (Version 2.1) ICLARM Software 6. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines.
9. Christensen, V., Walters, C.J., and Pauly, D. 2000. Ecopath with Ecosim: a user's guide. Fisheries Centre, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Penang, Malaysia.
10. Chouinard, G.A., Swain, D.P., Currie, L., Poirier, G.A., Rondeau, A., Benoit, H., et al. 2003. Assessment of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod stock, February 2003. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Res. Doc. 2003/015.
11. Cury, P., Shannon, L., and Shin, Y.J. 2002. The functioning of marine ecosystems: a fisheries perspective. In Responsible fishing in the marine ecosystem. Edited by M.G.V. Sinclair. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
12. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 2003a. Proceedings of the zonal assessment meeting - Atlantic cod. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Proceedings Ser. 2003/021.
13. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 2003b. State of the ocean: physical oceanographic conditions on the Scotian Shelf, Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Ecosystem Status Rep. 2003/002.
14. Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2003c. State of the eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Ecosystem Status Rep. 2003/004.
15. Dutil, J.D., Gauthier, J., Lambert, Y., Frechet, A., and Chabot, D. 2003. Cod stocks rebuilding and fish bioenergetics: low productivity hypothesis. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Res. Doc. 2003/060.
16. Fanning, L.P., Mohn, R.K., and MacEachern, W.J. 2003. Assessment of 4VsW cod to 2002. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Res. Doc. 2003/027.
17. Frank, K.T., and Brickman, D. 2000. Allee effects and compensatory population dynamics within a stock complex. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57: 513-517.
18. Frank, K.T., Carscadden, J.E., and Simon, J.E. 1996. Recent excursions of capelin (Mallotus villosus) to the Scotian Shelf and Flemish Cap during anomalous hydrographic conditions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 1473-1486.
19. Fréchet, A., Gauthier, J., Schwab, P., Bourdages, H., Chabot, D., Collier, F., et al. 2003. The status of cod in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (3Pn, 4RS) in 2002. Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Res. Doc. 2003/015.
20. Fu, C., Mohn, R.K., and Fanning, L.P. 2001. Why the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stock off eastern Nova Scotia has not recovered. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 1613-1623.
21. Kavanagh, P., Newlands, N., Christensen, V., and Pauly, D. 2004. Automated parameter optimization for Ecopath ecosystem models. Ecol. Modell. 172: 141-149.
22. Laurinolli, M.H., Harris, L.E., Bundy, A., and Fanning, L.P. 2004. Compilation of fish diet data from the Scotian Shelf and Bay of Fundy (1958-2001): CDEENA Consumption and Diet Composition Estimation Project. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. No. 2518.
23. Lilly, G.R., Shelton, P.A., Brattey, J., Cadigan, N.G., Healey, B.P., Murphy, E.F., et al. 2003. An assessment of the cod stock in NAFO Divisions 2J+3KL in February 2003. In DFO 2003: Proceedings of the Zonal Assessment Meeting - Atlantic Cod. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Proceedings Ser. 2003/021.
24. Merton, R.K. 1936. The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action. Am. Soc. Rev. 1(6): 894-904.
25. Mohn, R., and Bowen, W.D. 1996. Grey seal predation on the eastern Scotian Shelf: modelling the impact of Atlantic cod. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 2722-2738.
26. Mohn, R.K., Fanning, L.P., and MacEachern, W.J. 1998. Assessment of 4VsW cod in 1997 incorporating additional sources of mortality. Canadian Stock Assessment Res. Doc. 98/7.
27. Pianka, E.R. 1973. The structure of lizard communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 4: 53-74.
28. Polovina, J.J. 1984. Model of a coral reef ecosystem. The ECOPATH model and its application to French Frigate Shoals. Coral Reefs, 3(1): 1-11.
29. Sameoto, D.D. 2004. Northwest Atlantic plankton trends 1959 to 2000. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Res. Doc. 2004/073.
30. Sameoto, D.D., and Cochrane, N. 1996. Euphausiids on the eastern continental shelf. DFO Atlantic Fisheries Res. Doc. 96/119.
31. Swain, D.P., and Sinclair, A.F. 2000. Pelagic fishes and the cod recruitment dilemma in the northwest Atlantic. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 57: 1321-1325.
32. Verity P.G., and Smetacek, V. 1996. Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic ecosystems. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 130: 277-293.
33. Walters, C., and Kitchell, J.F. 2001. Cultivation/depensation effects on juvenile survival and recruitment: implications for the theory of fishing. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 1-12.
34. Worm B., and Myers, R.A. 2003. Meta-analysis of cod-shrimp interactions reveals top-down control in oceanic food webs. Ecology, 84: 162-173.
35. Zwanenburg, K.C.T. 2003. The Scotian Shelf. In Large marine ecosystems of the world. Trends in exploitation, protection and research. Edited by G. Hempel and K. Sherman. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 75-91.
36. Zwanenburg, K.C.T., Bowen, D., Bundy, A., Drinkwater, K., Frank., K., O'Boyle, R., Samcoto, D., and Sinclair, M. 2002. Decadal changes in the Scotian Shelf large marine ecosystem. Edited by K. Sherman and H.R. Skjoldal. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 105-150.