Structural change in an exploited fish community: A consequence of differential fishing effects on species with contrasting life histories

Journal of Animal Ecology

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 617-627

  Jennings, Simon ^a,c   Greenstreet, Simon P R ^b   Reynolds, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^b MARINE LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^c CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Community structure; Fisheries exploitation; Life history; North Sea; Phylogeny

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FISH; GROWTH RATE; LIFE HISTORY; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 0033034608     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00312.x     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Adams, P.B. (1980) Life history patterns in marine fishes and their consequences for management. Fishery Bulletin, 78, 1-12.
2. Alfonso-Dias, I.P. & Hislop, J.R.G. (1996) The reproduction of the anglerfish Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus from the north-west coast of Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology, 49, 18-39.
3. Albert, O.T. (1993) Distrbution, population structure and diet of silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus thori J. Schmidt), poor cod (Trisopterus minutus minutus (L.), four bearded rockling (Rhinonemus cimbrius (L.), and Vahl's eelpout (Lycodes vahlii gracilis Reinhardt) in the Norwegian deep. Sarsia, 78, 141-154.
4. Alm, G. (1959) Connection between maturity, size and age in fishes. Reports of the Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Research, Drottingholm, 5, 5-145.
5. Alverson, D.L., Freeberg, M.H., Pope, J.G. & Murawski, S.A. (1994) A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 339, 1-233.
6. Anon (1993) North Sea Quality Status Report 1993. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg.
7. Bagenal, T.B. (1965) The fecundity of witches in the Firth of Clyde. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 43, 401-407
8. Beddington, J.R. & Cooke, J.G. (1983) The potential yield of fish stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 242, 1-47.
9. Bergstad, O.A. (1988) Ling (Molva molva), blue ling (Molva dipterygia) and tusk (Brosme brosme) of the Norwegian Deeps and adjacent slopes (northeastern North Sea and Skaggerak). ICES Northwestern Working Group Document, 1988.
10. Bergstad, O.A. & Hareide, N.R. (1996) Ling, blue ling and tusk of the northeast Atlantic, vol. 15. Fisken og Havet (Institute of Marine Research), Bergen.
11. Beverton, R.J.H. (1963) Maturation, growth and mortality of Clupeid and Engraulid stocks in relation to fishing. Rapports et Procés-Verbaux des Réunions, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 154, 44-67.
12. Beverton, R.J.H. (1992) Patterns of reproductive strategy parameters in some marine teleost fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 41, 137-160.
13. Beverton, R.J.H. & Holt, S.J. (1957) On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations. Fishery Investigations Series II, No. 19., HMSO, London
14. Beverton, R.J.H. & Holt, S.J. (1959) A review of the lifespan and mortality rates of fish in nature and their relationship to growth and other physiological characteristics. Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing, 5, 142-180.
15. Brander, K. (1981) Disappearance of common skate, Raia batis, from the Irish Sea. Nature, 290, 48-49.
16. Buxton, C.D. (1993) Life-history changes in exploited reef fishes on the east coast of South Africa. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 36, 47-63.
17. Charnov, E.L. (1993) Life History Invariants: Some Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
18. Cohen, D.M. (1989) Papers on the Systematics of Gadiform Fishes. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles.
19. Cook, R.M., Sinclair, A. & Stefannson, G. (1997) Potential collapse of North Sea cod stocks. Nature, 385, 521-522.
20. Crozier, W.W. (1989) Age and growth of Angler-Fish (Lophius piscatorius L.) in the north Irish Sea. Fisheries Research, 7, 267-278.
21. Cushing, D.H. (1988) The Provident Sea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
22. Daan, N. & Richardson, K. (eds) (1996) Changes in the North Sea ecosystem and their causes: Arhus 1975 revisited. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53 879-1226.
23. Damm, U. (1987) Growth of the grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnadus L. in the North Sea. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Committee Meeting, G:55. mimeo.
24. Dayton, P.K., Thrush, S.F., Agardy, M.T. & Hofman, R.J. (1995) Environmental effects of marine fishing. Aquatic Conservation, 5, 205-232.
25. Du Buit, M.H. (1977) Age et croissance de Raja batis et de Raja naevus en Mer Celtique. Journal du Conseil, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 37, 216-265.
26. Felsenstein, J. (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist, 125, 1-15.
27. Gauld, J. (1979) Reproduction and fecundity of the Scottish-Norwegian stock of spurdogs, Squalus acanthias (L.). International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Committee Meeting, H:54. mimeo.
28. Gislason, H. (1994) Ecosystem effects of fishing activities in the North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 29, 520-527.
29. Greenstreet, S.P.R. & Hall, S.J. (1996) Fishing and groundfish assemblage structure in the north-western North Sea: an analysis of long-term and spatial trends. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 577-598.
30. Greenstreet, S.P.R., Spence, F.E. & McMillan, J.A. (1999a) Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. V. Changes in the structure of the North Sea groundfish species assemblage between 1925 and 1996. Fisheries Research, in press.
31. Greenstreet, S.P.R., Spence, F.E., Shanks, A.M. & McMillan, J.A. (1999b) Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. II. Trends in fishing effort in the North Sea by UK registered vessels landing in Scotland. Fisheries Research, in press.
32. Harvey, P.H. & Pagel, M D. (1991) The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
33. Harvey, P.H. (1996) Phylogenies for ecologists. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 255-263.
34. Hang, T. (1990) Biology of the Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippolglossus, (L. 1758). Advances in Marine Biology, 26, 1-70.
35. Haug, T. & Gulliksen, B. (1988) Fecundity and oocyte sizes in ovaries of female Atlantic halibut. Sarsia, 73, 259-261
36. Heessen, H.J.L. (1996) Time-series data for a selection of forty fish species caught during the International Botton Trawl Survey. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1079-1084.
37. Heessen, H.J.L. & Daan, N. (1996) Long-term changes in ten non-target North Sea fish species. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1063-1078.
38. Hempel, G. (ed) (1978) North Sea fish stocks: recent change and their causes. Rapports et Procés-Verbaux des Réunions Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 172, 1-449.
39. Hislop, J.R.G. & Hall, W.B. (1974) The fecundity of whiting. Merlangius merlangus (L.) in the North Sea, the Minch and at Iceland. Journal du Conseil, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 36, 42-49.
40. Hislop, J.R.G. & Shanks, A.M. (1979) Recent investigations on the reproductive biology of the haddock, Metanogrammus aeglefinus, of the northern North Sea and the effects on fecundity of infection with the copepod parasite Lernaeocera brancialis. Journal du Conseil, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 39, 244-251.
41. Holden, M.J. (1968) The rational exploitation of the Scottish-Norwegian stocks of spurdogs (Squalus acanthias). Fishery Investigations, Series II, No. 15. HMSO, London.
42. Holden, M.J. (1978) Long-term changes in landings of fish from the North Sea. Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 172, 11-26.
43. Holden, M.J. & Meadows, P.S. (1962). The structure of the spine of the spur dogfish (Squalus acanthias L.) and its use for age determination. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 42, 179-197.
44. Horwood, J.W., Bannister, R.C.A. & Howlett, G.J. (1986) Comparative fecundity of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 228, 401-431.
45. Hudson, E. & Mace, G. (eds) (1996) Marine Fish and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Zoological Society of London, London.
46. Israelsson, O., Petersson, A., Bengten, E., Wiersma, E.J., Andersson, J., Gezelius, G. & Pilstrom, L. (1991) Immunoglobulin concentration in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua L., serum and cross-reactivity between anti-cod-antibodies and immunoglobulins from other species. Journal of Fish Biology, 39, 265-278.
47. Jakobsson, J., Astthorsson, O.S., Beverton, R.J.H., Bjornsson, B., Daan, N., Frank, K.T., Meincke, J., Rothschild, B.J., Sundby, S. & Tilseth, S. (eds) (1994) Cod and Climate Change. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 198, 1-693.
48. Jakupsstovu, S.H. & Haug, T. (1988). Growth, sexual maturation,and spawning season of Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, in Faroese waters. Fisheries Research, 6, 201-215.
49. Jennings, S., Alvsvåg, J., Cotter, A.J., Enrich, S., Greenstreet, S.P.R., Jarre-Teichmann, A., Mergardt, N., Rijnsdorp, A.D. & Smedstad, O. (1999) Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. III. International fishing effort in the North Sea: an analysis of temporal and spatial trends. Fisheries Research, in press.
50. Jennings, S. & Beverton, R.J.H. (1991) Intraspecific variation in the life history tactics of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 48, 117-125.
51. Jennings, S. & Cotter, A.J. (1999) Fishing effects in northeast Atlantic shelf seas: patterns in fishing effort, diversity and community structure. I. Introduction. Fisheries Research, in press.
52. Jennings, S., Grandcourt, E.M. & Polunin, N.V.C. (1995) The effects of fishing on the diversity, biomass and trophic structure of Seychelles' reef fish communities. Coral Reefs, 14, 225-235.
53. Jennings, S. & Kaiser, M.J. (1998) The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 34, 201-352.
54. Jennings, S. & Polunin, N.V.C. (1996) Effects of fishing effort and catch rate upon the structure and biomass of Fijian reef fish communities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 33, 400-412.
55. Jennings, S., Reynolds, J.D. & Mills, S.C. (1998) Life history correlates of responses to fisheries exploitation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of: Biological Sciences, 265, 333-339.
56. Kirkwood, G.P., Beddington, J.R. & Rossouw, J.A. (1994) Harvesting species of different lifespans. Large-Scale Ecology and Conservation Biology (eds P. J. Edwards, R. M. May & N. R. Webb), pp. 199-227. Blackwell Science Limited, Oxford.
57. Koslow, J.A., Hanley, F. & Wicklaud, R. (1988) Effects of fishing on reef fish communities at Pedro Bank and Port Royal Cays, Jamaica. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 43, 201-212.
58. Kosswig, K. (1974) Uber Alter und Wachstum des klienen Rotbarsches Sebastes viviparous (Kroyer) in der Nordsee. Berichte des Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Kommission für Meeresforschung, 23, 400-402.
59. Lauder, G.V. & Liem, K.F. (1983). The evolution and the interrelationships of the actinopterygian fishes. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 150, 95-197.
60. Law, R. (1991) On the quantitative genetics of correlated characters under directional selection in age structured populations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B331, 213-223.
61. Lee, C.K.C. (1972) The biology and population dynamics of the common dab Limanda limanda (L.) in the North Sea. PhD Thesis, University of East Anglia, UK.
62. Lee, W.J., Conroy, J., Howell, W. & Kocher, T.D. (1995) Structure and evolution of teleost mitochondrial control regions. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 41, 54-66.
63. Ludwig, D., Hilborn, R. & Walters, C. (1993) Uncertainty, resource exploitation and conservation: lessons from history. Science, 260, 17-18.
64. Martins, E.P. (1996) Phylogenies and the Comparative Method in Animal Behaviour. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
65. Moguedet, P. & Perez, N. (1988) Estimation of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) growth parameters, for males and females, from the ICES division VII. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Committee Meeting, G:9. mimeo.
66. Moser, R.S., Chen, F. & Kendall, R. (1984) Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. American Society of Icthyology and Herpetology, Special publication 1, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.
67. Myers, R.A., Hutchings, J.A. & Barrowman, N.J. (1996) Hypothesis for the decline of cod in the North Atlantic. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 138, 293-308.
68. Nelson, J.S. (1984). Fishes of the World. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
69. Nelson, K. & Soulé, M. (1987) Genetical conservation of exploited fishes. Population Genetics and Fishery Management (eds N. Ryman & F. Utter), pp. 345-368. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
70. Newton, A.W. & Armstrong, D.W. (1974) A note on the fecundity of lemon sole. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Committee Meeting, F:34. mimeo.
71. Nilsen, R., Gutvik, O.K., Nilssen, E.M. & Hopkins, C.C.E. (1991). Population parameters of the witch flounder, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (L.) (Pisces: Pleuronectidae), from Malangen, northern Norway. Fisheries Research, 12, 259-278.
72. Norse, E.A. (1993) Global Marine Biological Diversity. Island Press, Washington.
73. Ntiba, M.J. (1989) The biology and ecology of the long rough dab (Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricus 1780) in the North Sea. PhD Thesis, University of East Anglia, UK.
74. Pauly, D. (1980). On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. Journal du Conseil, Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 39, 175-192.
75. Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R. & Torres, F. (1998). Fishing down marine food webs. Science, 279, 860-863.
76. Quero, J.C. (1984) Les Poissons de Mer des Pêches Francaises. Mallez Imprimeurs, Paris.
77. Rae, B.B. (1965) The Lemon Sole. Fishing News Books Ltd, London.
78. Reynolds, J.D. & Jennings, S. (1999) The role of animal behaviour in marine conservation. Behaviour and Conserration (eds M. Gosling & W. G. Sutherland). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
79. Rice, J. & Gislason, H. (1996) Patterns of change in the size spectra of numbers and diversity of the North Sea fish assemblage, as reflected in surveys and models. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1214-1225.
80. Rijnsdorp, A.D. (1993a) Fisheries as a large scale experiment on life history evolution: disentangling phenotypic and genetic effects in changes in maturation and reproduction of North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L. Oecologia, 96, 391-401.
81. Rijnsdorp, A.D. (1993b) Selection differentials in male and female North Sea plaice and changes in maturation and fecundity. The Exploitation of Evolving Resources (eds T. K. Stokes, J. M. McGlade & R. Law), pp. 19-36. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
82. Rijnsdorp, A.D., Vethaak, A.D. & van Leeuwen, P.I. (1992) Population biology of dab Limanda limanda in the southeastern North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 91, 19-35.
83. Rijnsdorp, A.D. & van Leeuwen, P.I. (1996) Changes in growth of North Sea plaice since 1950 in relation to density, eutrophication, beam-trawl effort and temperature. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1199-1213.
84. Rijnsdorp, A.D., van Leeuwen, P.I., Daan, N. & Heessen, H.J.L. (1996) Changes in abundance of demersal fish species in the North Sea between 1906-1909 and 1990-95. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1054-1062.
85. Roff, D.A. (1984) The evolution of life history parameters in teleosts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 41, 989-1000.
86. Rowell, C.A. (1993) The effects of fishing on the timing of maturity in North Sea cod (Gadus morhua L.). The Exploitation of Evolving Resources (eds T. K. Stokes, J. M. McGlade & R. Law), pp. 44-61. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
87. Rush, R.A. & Ferro, R.S.T. (1984) Variation of towing speed during survey cruises with GOV and Aberdeen 48ft trawls. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Committee Meeting, B:31. mimeo.
88. Russ, G.R. (1991). Coral reef Fisheries: effects and yields. The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs (ed. P. F. Sale), pp. 601-635. Academic Press, San Diego.
89. Smith, T.D. (1994) Scaling fisheries. The Science of Measuring the Effects of Fishing, 1855-1955. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
90. Sutherland, W.J. & Reynolds, J.D. (1998) Sustainable and unsustainable exploitation. Conservation Science and Action (ed. W. J. Sutherland), pp. 90-115. Blackwell Science Limited, Oxford.
91. Van der Veer, H.W., Creutzberg, F., Duineveld, G.C.A., Fonds, M., Kuipers, B.R., Van Noort, G.J. & Witte, J.I.J. (1990) On the ecology of the dragonet Callionymus lyra L. in the southern North Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 26, 139-150.
92. Verneau, O., Moreau, C., Catzeflis, F.M. & Renaud, F. (1994). Phylogeny of flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes): comparisons and contradictions of molecular and morphoanatomical data. Journal of Fish Biology, 45, 685-696.
93. Vince, M.R. (1991) Stock identity in spurdog (Squalus acanthias L.) around the British Isles. Fisheries Research, 12, 341-354.
94. Vinther, M. (1989) Some notes on the biology of the starry ray, Raja radiata, in the North Sea. Working document: ICES Study Group on Elasmobranch Fisheries, 4/1989, 1-20. mimeo.
95. Walker, P.A. & Heessen, H.J.L. (1996) Long-term changes in ray populations in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53, 1085-1093.
96. Wheeler, A. (1969) The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London.
97. Wourms, J.P., Grove, B.D. & Lombardi, J. (1988) The maternal embryonic relationship in viviparous fishes. Fish Physiology, vol. 11b (eds W. S. Hoar & D. J. Randall), pp. 1-134. Academic Press, London.