We are the world-and they are not: Prototypicality for the world community, legitimacy, and responses to global inequality

Political Psychology

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 683-700

  Reese, Gerhard ^a   Berthold, Anne ^a   Steffens, Melanie C ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

Author keywords

Global inequality; Intergroup processes; Legitimacy; Prototypicality

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866547351     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: 14679221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00892.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2. Babones, S. J. (2002). Population and sample selection effects in measuring international income inequality. Journal of World-Systems Research, 8, 8-29.
3. Bar-Tal, D. (2000). Shared beliefs in a society: Social psychological analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Bata, M., & Bergesen, A. J. (2002). Global inequality: An introduction. Journal of World-Systems Research, 8, 2-8.
5. Beer, L., & Boswell, T. (2002). The resilience of dependency effects in explaining income inequality in the global economy: A cross-national analysis, 1975-1995. Journal of World-Systems Research, 8, 30-64.
6. Berry, A., Bourguignon, F., & Morrison, C. (1983). Changes in the world distribution of income between 1950 and 1977. The Economic Journal, 93, 331-350.
7. Bianchi, M., Mummendey, A., Steffens, M. C., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2010). What do you mean by "European"? Evidence of spontaneous ingroup projection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 960-974.
8. Bornschier, V. (2002). Changing income inequality in the second half of the 20th century: Preliminary findings and propositions for explanations. Journal of World-Systems Research, 8, 100-129.
9. Boswell, T., & Dixon, W. J. (1990). Dependency and rebellion: A cross-national analysis. American Sociological Review, 55, 540-549.
10. Chase-Dunn, C. K., Kawano, Y., & Brewer, B. D. (2000). Trade globalization since 1795: Waves of integration in the world system. American Sociological Review, 40, 720-738.
11. Chomsky, N. (2000). Rogue states: The rule of force in world affairs. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
12. Coleman, J. S. (1987). Microfoundations and macrosocial behavior. In J. C. Alexander, B. Giesen, R. Münch, & N. J. Smelser (Eds.), The Micro-Macro Link (pp. 153-176). Berkeley: University of California Press.
13. Correia, I., Vala, J., & Aguiar, P. (2001). The effects of belief in a just world and victim's innocence on secondary victimization, judgements of justice and deservingness. Social Justice Research, 14, 327-342.
14. Crenshaw, E., & Ameen, A. (1994). The distribution of income across national populations: Testing multiple paradigms. Social Science Research, 23, 1-22.
15. Dalbert, C., & Yamauchi, L. A. (1994). Belief in a just world and attitudes toward immigrants and foreign workers: A cultural comparison between Hawaii and Germany. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1612-1628.
16. Firebaugh, G. (1999). Empirics of world income inequality. American Journal of Sociology, 104, 1597-1630.
17. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878-902.
18. Form, W. H., & Rytina, J. (1969). Ideological beliefs on the distribution of power in the United States. American Sociological Review, 34, 19-31.
19. Furnham, A. (1993). Just world beliefs in twelve societies. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 317-329.
20. Halabi, S., Dovidio, J. F., & Nadler, A. (2008). When and how do high status group members offer help: Effects of social dominance orientation and status threat. Political Psychology, 29, 841-858.
21. Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252-264.
22. Huddy, L. (2004). Contrasting theoretical approaches to intergroup relations. Political Psychology, 25, 947-967.
23. Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27.
24. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-919.
25. Jugert, P., & Duckitt, J. (2009). A motivational model of authoritarianism: Integrating personal and situational determinants. Political Psychology, 30, 693-719.
26. Kawakami, K., & Dion, K. L. (1995). Social identity and affect as determinants of collective action. Toward an integration of relative deprivation and social identity theories. Theory & Psychology, 5, 551-577.
27. Kessler, T., & Cohrs, J. C. (2008). The evolution of authoritarian processes: Fostering cooperation in large-scale groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 12, 73-84.
28. Korzeniewicz, R. P., & Moran, T. P. (1997). World economic trends in the distribution of income, 1965-1992. American Journal of Sociology, 102, 1000-1039.
29. Korzeniewicz, R. P., & Moran, T. P. (2000). Measuring world income inequalities. American Journal of Sociology, 106, 209-214.
30. Kraus, S. J. (1995). Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 58-75.
31. Lehmiller, J. J., & Schmitt, M. T. (2007). Group domination and inequality in context: Evidence for the unstable meanings of social dominance and authoritarianism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 704-724.
32. Lerner, M. J. (1980). Belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum.
33. Leyens, J. Ph., Cortes, B. P., Demoulin, S., Dovidio, J. F., Fiske, S. T., Gaunt, R., ... Vaes, J. (2003). Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 704-717.
34. Maes, J., & Schmitt, M. (1999). More on ultimate and immanent justice: Results from the research project "Justice as a Problem within Reunified Germany." Social Justice Research, 12, 65-78.
35. Moellendorf, D. (2009). Global inequality and injustice. Journal of International Development, 21, 1125-1136.
36. Montada, L., & Lerner, M. J. (1996). Responses to victimization and belief in a just world. New York: Plenum.
37. Mummendey, A., &Waldzus, S. (2004). National differences and European plurality: Discrimination or tolerance between European countries. In R. Herrmann, T. Risse, & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Transnational identities: Becoming European in the EU (pp. 59-72). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
38. Mummendey, A., & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 158-174.
39. Olson, J. T. (1997). Perceptions of global inequality: A call for research. Social Justice Research, 10, 39-62.
40. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741-763.
41. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
42. Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65-90.
43. Ruiz, P. O., & Mínguez, R. (2001). Global inequality and the need for compassion: Issues in moral and political education. Journal of Moral Education, 30, 155-172.
44. Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., & Kappen, D. M. (2003). Attitudes towards group-based inequality: Social dominance or social identity. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 161-186.
45. Schmitt, M., Neumann, R., & Montada, L. (1995). Justice sensitivity. Social Justice Research, 8, 385-407.
46. Smith, K. B. (1985). Seeing justice in poverty: The belief in a just world and beliefs about inequalities. Sociological Spectrum, 5, 17-29.
47. Stroebe, K., Spears, R., & Lodewijkx, H. (2007). Contrasting and integrating social identity and interdependence approaches to intergroup discrimination in the minimal group paradigm. In M. Hewstone, H. A. W. Schut, J. B. F. de Wit, K. van den Bos, & M. S. Stroebe (Eds.), The scope of social psychology: Theory and applications (pp. 173-190). New York: Psychology Press.
48. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks Cole.
49. Thomas, E. F., McGarty, C., & Mavor, K. I. (2010). The social psychology of "Making Poverty History": Motivating anti-poverty action in Australia. Australian Psychologist, 45, 4-15.
50. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. New York: Basil Blackwell.
51. Tyler, T. R., & Lind, E. A. (1990). Intrinsic versus community-based justice models: When does group membership matter? Journal of Social Issues, 46, 83-94.
52. Ullrich, J. (2009). Reconsidering the "relative" in relative ingroup prototypicality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 299-310.
53. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2005). Human development report 2005. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2005[Accessed on 08 June 2010].
54. Vaes, J., Paladino, M. P., Castelli, L., Leyens, J. P., & Giovanazzi, A. (2003). On the behavioral consequences of infrahumanization: The implicit role of uniquely human emotions in intergroup relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1016-1034.
55. Vanneman, R. D., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1972). Race and relative deprivation in the urban United States. Race, 13, 461-486.
56. Wade, R. H. (2004). On the causes of increasing world poverty or why the Matthew effect prevails. New Political Economy, 9, 163-188.
57. Waldzus, S., & Mummendey, A. (2004). Inclusion in a superordinate category, in-group prototypicality, and attitudes towards out-groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 466-477.
58. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., Wenzel, M., & Boettcher, F. (2004). Of bikers, teachers and Germans: Groups' diverging views about their prototypicality. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 385-400.
59. Waldzus, S., Mummendey, A., Wenzel, M., & Weber, U. (2003). Towards tolerance: Representations of superordinate categories and perceived ingroup prototypicality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 31-47.
60. Walker, I., & Mann, L. (1987). Unemployment, relative deprivation, and social protest. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 275-283.
61. Weber, U., Mummendey, A., & Waldzus, S. (2002). Perceived legitimacy of intergroup status differences: Its prediction by relative ingroup prototypicality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 449-470.
62. Wenzel, M., Mummendey, A., & Waldzus, S. (2007). Superordinate identities and intergroup conflict: The ingroup projection model. European Review of Social Psychology, 18, 331-372.
63. World Bank (2001). World development report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
64. Wright, S. C., Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1990). Responding to membership in a disadvantaged group: From acceptance to collective protest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 994-1003.