Goal Priming in Dieters: Recent Insights and Applications

Current Obesity Reports

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 99-105

  Papies, Esther K ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Chronic dieting; Eating behavior; Field experiments; Goal priming; Hedonic; Implementation intentions; Interventions; Overweight; Self regulation; Social cognition; Social psychology; Toxic environment

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; CATERING SERVICE; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; DIET RESTRICTION; FAST FOOD; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LIPID DIET; MOTIVATION; ODOR; OVERNUTRITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF CONTROL; STIMULUS; WEIGHT CONTROL;

EID: 84866445586     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21624968     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-012-0009-8     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303(3): 235-41.
2. Wang Y, Beydoun MA, Liang L, Caballero B, Kumanyika SK. Will all americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the us obesity epidemic. Obesity. 2008; 16(10): 2323-30.
3. Weiss EC, Galuska DA, Khan LK, Serdula MK. Weight-control practices among U. S. Adults, 2001-2002. Am J Prev Med. 2006; 31(1): 18-24.
4. French SA, Jeffery RW, Murray D. Is dieting good for you?: Prevalence, duration and associated weight and behaviour changes for specific weight loss strategies over 4years in US adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999; 23(3): 320-7.
5. Elfhag K, Rössner S. Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain. Obes Rev. 2005; 6(1): 67-85.
6. Mann T, Tomiyama AJ, Westling E, et al. Medicare's search for effective obesity treatments: diets are not the answer. Am Psychol. 2007; 62(3): 220-33.
7. Chernyak Y, Lowe MR. Motivations for dieting: drive for thinness is different from drive for objective thinness. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010; 119(2): 276-81.
8. Snoek HM, van Strien T, Janssens JMAM, Engels RCME. Restrained eating and BMI: A longitudinal study among adolescents. Heal Psychol. 2008; 27(6): 753-9.
9. Herman CP, Polivy J. Restrained eating. In: Stunkard AJ, editor. Obesity. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1980. p. 208-25.
10. Gorman BS, Allison DB. Measures of restrained eating. In: Allison DB, editor. Handbook of assessment methods for eating behaviors and weight related problems: measures, theory, and research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc; 1995. p. 149-84.
11. Hill JO, Peters JC. Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science. 1998; 280(5368): 1371-4.
12. Stroebe W. Dieting, overweight, and obesity: Self-regulation in a food-rich environment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2008.
13. Wadden TA, Brownell KD, Foster GD. Obesity: responding to the global epidemic. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002; 70(3): 510-25.
14. Brunstrom JM, Yates HM, Witcomb GL. Dietary restraint and heightened reactivity to food. Physiol Behav. 2004; 81(1): 85-90.
15. Fedoroff IC, Polivy J, Herman CP. The effect of pre-exposure to food cues on the eating behavior of restrained and unrestrained eaters. Appetite. 1997; 28(1): 33-47.
16. Fedoroff IC, Polivy J, Herman CP. The specificity of restrained versus unrestrained eaters' responses to food cues: general desire to eat, or craving for the cued food? Appetite. 2003; 41(1): 7-13.
17. Harvey K, Kemps E, Tiggemann M. The nature of imagery processes underlying food cravings. Br J Heal Psychol. 2005; 10: 49-56.
18. Papies EK, Hamstra P. Goal priming and eating behavior: Enhancing self-regulation by environmental cues. Heal Psychol. 2010; 29(4): 384-88. This is an inventive field experiment clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of subtle goal primes to enhance self-regulation.
19. Papies EK, Stroebe W. Dieting in a food-rich environment: Nonconscious mechanisms of failure and success. In Petersen S, Witte EH eds: Sozialpsychologie, Psychotherapie und Gesundheit [Social Psychology, Psychotherapy and Health]. Lengerich: Pabst Science.
20. Stroebe W, Papies EK, Aarts H. From homeostatic to hedonic theories of eating: self-regulatory failure in food-rich environments. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being. 2008; 57: 172-93.
21. Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Understanding dieting: a social cognitive analysis of hedonic processes in self-regulation. Eur Rev Soc Psychol. 2008; 19: 339.
22. Stroebe W. Übergewicht als schicksal: die kognitive Steuerung des Eßverhaltens. Psychol Rundsch. 2002; 53: 14-22.
23. Stroebe W, Mensink W, Aarts H, Schut H, Kruglanski AW. Why dieters fail: Testing the goal conflict model of eating. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2008; 44(1): 26-36. This discusses social-cognitive studies on the basic conflict of chronic dieters between the goal weight control and the hedonic eating goal.
24. Shah JY, Friedman R, Kruglanski AW. Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2002; 83(6): 1261-80.
25. Hofmann W, van Koningsbruggen GM, Stroebe W, Ramanathan S, Aarts H. As pleasure unfolds. Psychol Sci. 2010; 21(12): 1863-70.
26. Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Pleasure in the mind: restrained eating and spontaneous hedonic thoughts about food. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007; 43(5): 810-7.
27. Stice E, Spoor S, Bohon C, Veldhuizen MG, Small DM. Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008; 117(4): 924-35.
28. Coletta M, Platek S, Mohamed FB, et al. Brain activation in restrained and unrestrained eaters: an fMRI study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009; 118(3): 598-609.
29. Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. The allure of forbidden food: on the role of attention in self-regulation. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2008; 44(5): 1283-92.
30. van Koningsbruggen GM, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Through the eyes of dieters: Biased size perception of food following tempting food primes. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2011; 47: 293-9. This discusses creative studies showing that dieters' goal conflict affects how they perceive the size of healthy and tempting food items.
31. Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Who likes it more? Restrained eaters' implicit attitudes towards food. Appetite. 2009; 53: 279-87.
32. Roefs A, Jansen A. Implicit and explicit attitudes toward high-fat foods in obesity. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002; 111(3): 517-21.
33. Papies EK, Stroebe W, Aarts H. Healthy cognition: processes of self-regulatory success in restrained eating. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008; 34(9): 1290-300.
34. Bargh JA, Gollwitzer PM, Lee Chai A, Barndollar K, Troetschel R. The automated will: nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001; 81(6): 1014-27.
35. Papies EK, Aarts H. Nonconscious self-regulation or the automatic pilot of human behavior. In: Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2010; 125-42.
36. Aarts H, Gollwitzer PM, Hassin RR. Goal contagion: perceiving is for pursuing. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2004; 87: 23-37.
37. Custers R, Aarts H. Positive affect as implicit motivator: on the nonconscious operation of behavioral goals. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2005; 89(2): 129-42.
38. Custers R, Aarts H. In search of the nonconscious sources of goal pursuit: accessibility and positive affective valence of the goal state. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007; 43: 312-8.
39. Ferguson MJ. On the automatic evaluation of end-states. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2007; 92(4): 596-611.
40. Anschutz DJ, van Strien T, Engels RCME. Exposure to slim images in mass media: television commercials as reminders of restriction in restrained eaters. Heal Psychol. 2008; 27(4): 401-8.
41. Fishbach A, Friedman RS, Kruglanski AW. Leading us not unto temptation: momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation. J Personal Soc Psychol. 2003; 84(2): 296-309.
42. Kant AK, Graubard BI. Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutritional correlates. Prev Med. 2004; 38(2): 243-9.
43. Burton S, Creyer EH, Kees J, Huggins K. Attacking the obesity epidemic: the potential health benefits of providing nutrition information in restaurants. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96(9): 1669-75.
44. Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumption of U. S. adults: impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004; 23(2): 163-8.
45. Casey AA, Elliott M, Glanz K, et al. Impact of the food environment and physical activity environment on behaviors and weight status in rural U. S. communities. Prev Med. 2008; 47(6): 600-4.
46. Roefs A, Quaedackers L, Werrij MQ, et al. The environment influences whether high-fat foods are associated with palatable or with unhealthy. Behav Res Ther. 2006; 44(5): 715-36.
47. Papies EK, Veling H. Priming while dining: Subtle reminders about dieting at the point of purchase increase low calorie food choices. Manuscript under review. 2012.
48. van Koningsbruggen GM, Stroebe W, Papies EK, Aarts H. Implementation intentions as goal primes: boosting self-control in tempting environments. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2011; 41(5): 551-7. This discusses innovative experiments showing how the planning technique of implementation intentions can be extended to help dieters prime themselves with their dieting goals when confronted with food temptations.
49. Gollwitzer PM. Implementation intentions: strong effects of simple plans. Am Psychol. 1999; 54: 493-503.
50. Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P. Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes. In: Zanna MP, editor. Advances in experimental social psychology. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press; 2006. p. 69-119.
51. Kroese FM, Adriaanse MA, Evers C, De Ridder DTD. "Instant success": turning temptations into cues for goal-directed behavior. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011; 37(10): 1389-97.
52. Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001; 21: 323-41.
53. Ouwehand C, Papies EK. Eat it or beat it: the differential effect of food temptations on overweight and normal-weight restrained eaters. Appetite. 2010; 55(1): 56-60.
54. Bargh JA. Auto-motives: preconscious determinants of social interaction. In: Higgins ET, Sorrentino RM, editors. Handbook of motivation and cognition: foundations of social behavior. New York: Guilford Press; 1990. p. 93-130.
55. Barsalou LW. Being there conceptually: simulating categories in preparation for situated action. In: Stein NL, Bauer PJ, Rabinowitz M, editors. Representation, memory, and development: essays in honor of Jean Mandler. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2002.
56. Barsalou LW. Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009; 364(1521): 1281-9.
57. Papies EK, Barsalou LW, Custers R. Mindful attention prevents mindless impulses. Social Psychological and Personality Science. in press. This discusses innovative studies applying the principles of mindfulness in a 10-minute intervention to eliminate spontaneous impulses toward attractive, high-calorie food stimuli.
58. Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Celacorte; 1990.
59. Veling H, Aarts H, Papies EK. Using stop signals to inhibit chronic dieters' responses toward palatable foods. Behav Res Ther. 2011; 49(11): 771-80. This demonstrates a novel strategy to inhibit dieters' automatic approach responses toward palatable foods, based on behavioral stop signals.
60. Houben K, Jansen A. Training inhibitory control. A recipe for resisting sweet temptations. Appetite. 2011; 56(2): 345-9.
61. Veling H, Aarts H. Unintentional preparation of motor impulses after incidental perception of need-rewarding objects. Cognition & Emotion. 2010.
62. Painter JE, Wansink B, Hieggelke JB. How visibility and convenience influence candy consumption. Appetite. 2002; 38(3): 237-8.
63. Raja S, Yin L, Roemmich J, et al. Food environment, Built environment, and Women's BMI: evidence from Erie County, New York. J Plan Educ Res. 2010; 29(4): 444-60.
64. Gittelsohn J, Franceschini MCT, Rasooly IR, et al. Understanding the food environment in a low-income urban setting: implications for food store interventions. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2008; 2: 33-50.
65. Faith MS, Fontaine KR, Baskin ML, Allison DB. Toward the reduction of population obesity: Macrolevel environmental approaches to the problems of food, eating, and obesity. Psychol Bull. 2007; 133(2): 205-26.
66. Cummins S, Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity-neighbourhood or nation? In J Epidemiol. 2006; 35(1): 100-4.
67. Visscher TLS, Seidell JC. The public health impact of obesity. Annu Rev Publ Health. 2001; 22: 355-75.