Cochlear implantation in older adults

Medicine (United States)

Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 229-241

  Lin, Frank R ^a,b,c   Chien, Wade W ^a   Li, Lingsheng ^c   Clarrett, Danisa M ^c   Niparko, John K ^a   Francis, Howard W ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; COCHLEA; COCHLEA PROSTHESIS; COGNITION; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEARING LOSS; HUMAN; MEDICARE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRESBYACUSIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SPEECH; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNITED STATES;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION; FEMALE; HEARING; HEARING LOSS; HEARING TESTS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SPEECH; SPEECH PERCEPTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84866315909     PISSN: 00257974     EISSN: 15365964     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e31826b145a     Document Type: Article

References (141)

1. Agrawal Y, Platz EA, Niparko JK. Prevalence of hearing loss and differences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1522-1530.
2. Appollonio I, Carabellese C, Frattola L, Trabucchi M. Effects of sensory aids on the quality of life and mortality of elderly people: a multivariate analysis. Age Ageing. 1996;25:89-96. (Pubitemid 26091159)
3. Ates NA, Unal M, Tamer L, Derici E, Karakas S, Ercan B, Pata YS, Akbas Y, Vayisoglu Y, Camdeviren H. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in presbycusis. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:392-397. (Pubitemid 40663864)
4. Barnes DE, Cauley JA, Lui LY, Fink HA, McCulloch C, Stone KL, Yaffe K. Women who maintain optimal cognitive function into old age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:259-264. (Pubitemid 46184403)
5. Barnes LL, Mendes de Leon CF, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Evans DA. Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites. Neurology. 2004;63:2322-2326. (Pubitemid 40024344)
6. Barnett S, Franks P. Deafness and mortality: analyses of linked data from the National Health Interview Survey and National Death Index. Public Health Rep. 1999;114:330-336. (Pubitemid 29382025)
7. Barrenas ML, Axelsson A. The development of melanin in the stria vascularis of the gerbil. Acta Otolaryngol. 1992;112:50-58.
8. Bartels S, Ito S, Trune DR, Nuttall AL. Noise-induced hearing loss: the effect of melanin in the stria vascularis. Hear Res. 2001;154:116-123. (Pubitemid 32567540)
9. Bassuk SS, Glass TA, Berkman LF. Social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:165-173. (Pubitemid 29364998)
10. Beland F, Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado B, Otero A, Del Ser T. Trajectories of cognitive decline and social relations. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60:320-330.
11. Berkman LF, Glass T, Brissette I, Seeman TE. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:843-857. (Pubitemid 30326785)
12. Bess FH, Lichtenstein MJ, Logan SA, Burger MC, Nelson E. Hearing impairment as a determinant of function in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1989;37:123-128. (Pubitemid 19041109)
13. Bickel H, Cooper B. Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study. Psychol Med. 1994;24:179-192. (Pubitemid 24083693)
14. Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, Bienias JL, Bennett DA. Processing resources reduce the effect of Alzheimer pathology on other cognitive systems. Neurology. 2008;70:1534-1542. (Pubitemid 351589507)
15. Brant LJ, Fozard JL. Age changes in pure-tone hearing thresholds in a longitudinal study of normal human aging. J Acoust Soc Am. 1990;88:813-820. (Pubitemid 20289781)
16. Brant LJ, Gordon-Salant S, Pearson JD, Klein LL, Morrell CH, Metter EJ, Fozard JL. Risk factors related to age-associated hearing loss in the speech frequencies. J Am Acad Audiol. 1996;7:152-160.
17. Brink P, Stones M. Examination of the relationship among hearing impairment, linguistic communication, mood, and social engagement of residents in complex continuing-care facilities. Gerontologist. 2007;47:633-641. (Pubitemid 350156059)
18. Broadhead WE, Kaplan BH, James SA, Wagner EH, Schoenbach VJ, Grimson R, Heyden S, Tibblin G, Gehlbach SH. The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:521-537. (Pubitemid 13091423)
19. Cabeza R, Nyberg L. Imaging cognition II: an empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12:1-47. (Pubitemid 30142782)
20. Cacciatore F, Napoli C, Abete P, Marciano E, Triassi M, Rengo F. Quality of life determinants and hearing function in an elderly population: Osservatorio Geriatrico Campano Study Group. Gerontology. 1999;45:323-328. (Pubitemid 29516074)
21. Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC. Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13:447-454.
22. Carabellese C, Appollonio I, Rozzini R, Bianchetti A, Frisoni GB, Frattola L, Trabucchi M. Sensory impairment and quality of life in a community elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993;41:401-407. (Pubitemid 23110737)
23. Carlson MC, Fried LP, Xue QL, Bandeen-Roche K, Zeger SL, Brandt J. Association between executive attention and physical functional performance in community-dwelling older women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1999;54:S262-S270. (Pubitemid 29487607)
24. Carlson ML, Breen JT, Gifford RH, Driscoll CL, Neff BA, Beatty CW, Peterson AM, Olund AP. Cochlear implantation in the octogenarian and nonagenarian. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31:1343-1349.
25. Cervera TC, Soler MJ, Dasi C, Ruiz JC. Speech recognition and working memory capacity in young-elderly listeners: effects of hearing sensitivity. Can J Exp Psychol. 2009;63:216-226.
26. Chan V, Tong M, Yue V, Wong T, Leung E, Yuen K, van Hasselt A. Performance of older adult cochlear implant users in Hong Kong. Ear Hear. 2007;28:52SY55S.
27. Chia EM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Cumming RR, Newall P, Mitchell P. Hearing impairment and health-related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study. Ear Hear. 2007;28:187-195. (Pubitemid 46673496)
28. Christensen K, Frederiksen H, Hoffman HJ. Genetic and environmental influences on self-reported reduced hearing in the old and oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1512-1517. (Pubitemid 33051403)
29. Cole SW, Hawkley LC, Arevalo JM, Cacioppo JT. Transcript origin analysis identifies antigen-presenting cells as primary targets of socially regulated gene expression in leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:3080-3085.
30. Cole SW, Hawkley LC, Arevalo JM, Sung CY, Rose RM, Cacioppo JT. Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes. Genome Biol. 2007;8:R189.
31. Coley N, Andrieu S, Gardette V, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Sanz C, Vellas B, Grand A. Dementia prevention: methodological explanations for inconsistent results. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30:35-66.
32. Cooper JC Jr. Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1971-75: Part I. Ear and race effects in hearing. J Am Acad Audiol. 1994;5:30-36.
33. Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Wiley TL, Nondahl DM, Tweed TS. Cigarette smoking and hearing loss: the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. JAMA. 1998;279:1715-1719. (Pubitemid 28247302)
34. Cruickshanks KJ, Tweed TS, Wiley TL, Klein BE, Klein R, Chappell R, Nondahl DM, Dalton DS. The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss: the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129:1041-1046. (Pubitemid 37248299)
35. Cruickshanks KJ, Wiley TL, Tweed TS, Klein BE, Klein R, Mares-Perlman JA, Nondahl DM. Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148:879-886. (Pubitemid 28484107)
36. Dalton DS, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Wiley TL, Nondahl DM. The impact of hearing loss on quality of life in older adults. Gerontologist. 2003;43:661-668. (Pubitemid 37310342)
37. Dalton DS, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Wiley TL. Association of NIDDM and hearing loss. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1540-1544. (Pubitemid 28405211)
38. Dror AA, Avraham KB. Hearing loss: mechanisms revealed by genetics and cell biology. Annu Rev Genet. 2009;43:411-437.
39. Dubno JR, Dirks DD, Morgan DE. Effects of age and mild hearing loss on speech recognition in noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1984;76:87-96. (Pubitemid 14069276)
40. Durkheim E. Suicide. New York: Free Press; E1897, 1951.
41. Francis HW, Chee N, Yeagle J, Cheng A, Niparko JK. Impact of cochlear implants on the functional health status of older adults. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:1482-1488. (Pubitemid 34875436)
42. Fratiglioni L, Wang HX, Ericsson K, Maytan M, Winblad B. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. Lancet. 2000;355: 1315-1319. (Pubitemid 30199003)
43. Freedman VA, Berkman LF, Rapp SR, Ostfeld AM. Family networks: predictors of nursing home entry. Am J Public Health. 1994;84:843-845. (Pubitemid 24237367)
44. Friedland DR, Venick HS, Niparko JK. Choice of ear for cochlear implantation: the effect of history and residual hearing on predicted postoperative performance. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24:582-589. (Pubitemid 36886271)
45. Gates GA, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA. The relation of hearing in the elderly to the presence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:156-161. (Pubitemid 23054772)
46. Gates GA, Cooper JC Jr, Kannel WB, Miller NJ. Hearing in the elderly: the Framingham cohort, 1983-1985. Part I. Basic audiometric test results. Ear Hear. 1990;11:247-256. (Pubitemid 20298772)
47. Gates GA, Couropmitree NN, Myers RH. Genetic associations in age-related hearing thresholds. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:654-659. (Pubitemid 29269840)
48. Gifford RH, Shallop JK, Peterson AM. Speech recognition materials and ceiling effects: considerations for cochlear implant programs. Audiol Neurootol. 2008;13:193-205. (Pubitemid 351520944)
49. Glass TA, De Leon CF, Bassuk SS, Berkman LF. Social engagement and depressive symptoms in late life: longitudinal findings. J Aging Health. 2006;18:604-628. (Pubitemid 44035775)
50. Gopinath B, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ, Schneider J, Leeder SR, Mitchell P. Prevalence of age-related hearing loss in older adults: Blue Mountains Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:415-416.
51. Gordon MS, Daneman M, Schneider BA. Comprehension of speeded discourse by younger and older listeners. Exp Aging Res. 2009;35:277-296.
52. Gordon-Salant S. Hearing loss and aging: new research findings and clinical implications. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42:9-24. (Pubitemid 43276898)
53. Grigsby J, Kaye K, Baxter J, Shetterly SM, Hamman RF. Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:590-596. (Pubitemid 28237117)
54. Halling DC, Humes LE. Factors affecting the recognition of reverberant speech by elderly listeners. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000;43:414-431.
55. Heinrich A, Schneider BA, Craik FI. Investigating the influence of continuous babble on auditory short-term memory performance. Q J Exp Psychol (Colchester). 2008;61:735-751.
56. Helmer C, Damon D, Letenneur L, Fabrigoule C, Barberger-Gateau P, Lafont S, Fuhrer R, Antonucci T, Commenges D, Orgogozo JM, Dartigues JF. Marital status and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a French population-based cohort study. Neurology. 1999;53:1953-1958.
57. Helzner EP, Cauley JA, Pratt SR, Wisniewski SR, Zmuda JM, Talbott EO, de Rekeneire N, Harris TB, Rubin SM, Simonsick EM, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB. Race and sex differences in age-related hearing loss: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:2119-2127. (Pubitemid 43001192)
58. Herbst KG, Humphrey C. Hearing impairment and mental state in the elderly living at home. Br Med J. 1980;281:903-905. (Pubitemid 10060102)
59. Holtzman RE, Rebok GW, Saczynski JS, Kouzis AC, Wilcox DK, Eaton WW. Social network characteristics and cognition in middle-aged and older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2004;59:278-284.
60. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science. 1988;241:540-545.
61. Humes LE, Watson BU, Christensen LA, Cokely CG, Halling DC, Lee L. Factors associated with individual differences in clinical measures of speech recognition among the elderly. J Speech Hear Res. 1994;37:465-474. (Pubitemid 24116508)
62. Huyghe JR, Van LL, Hendrickx JJ, Fransen E, Demeester K, Topsakal V, Kunst S, Manninen M, Jensen M, Bonaconsa A, Mazzoli M, Baur M, Hannula S, Maki-Torkko E, Espeso A, Van EE, Flaquer A, Becker C, Stephens D, Sorri M, Orzan E, Bille M, Parving A, Pyykko I, Cremers CW, Kremer H, Van de Heyning PH, Wienker TF, Nurnberg P, Pfister M, Van CG. Genome-wide SNP-based linkage scan identifies a locus on 8q24 for an age-related hearing impairment trait. Am J Hum Genet. 2008;83:401-407.
63. Ishii EK, Talbott EO. Race/ethnicity differences in the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss in a group of metal fabricating workers. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40:661-666. (Pubitemid 28385144)
64. Ives DG, Bonino P, Traven ND, Kuller LH. Characteristics and comorbidities of rural older adults with hearing impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43:803-806.
65. Jerger J, Jerger S, Pepe P, Miller R. Race difference in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Am J Otol. 1986;7:425-429. (Pubitemid 17205562)
66. Johnson JK, Lui LY, Yaffe K. Executive function, more than global cognition, predicts functional decline and mortality in elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1134-1141. (Pubitemid 47599425)
67. Jones DA, Victor CR, Vetter NJ. Hearing difficulty and its psychological implications for the elderly. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984;38:75-78. (Pubitemid 14155846)
68. Kahneman D. Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1973.
69. Kalayam B, Meyers BS, Kakuma T, Alexopoulos GS, Young RC, Solomon S, Shotland R, Nambudiri D, Goldsmith D. Age at onset of geriatric depression and sensorineural hearing deficits. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;38:649-658.
70. Karlsson KK, Harris JR, Svartengren M. Description and primary results from an audiometric study of male twins. Ear Hear. 1997;18:114-120. (Pubitemid 27155109)
71. Karp A, Paillard-Borg S, Wang HX, Silverstein M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Mental, physical and social components in leisure activities equally contribute to decrease dementia risk. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;21:65-73. (Pubitemid 43107131)
72. Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social ties and mental health. J Urban Health. 2001;78:458-467. (Pubitemid 32852785)
73. Konings A, Van LL, Van CG. Genetic studies on noise-induced hearing loss: a review. Ear Hear. 2009;30:151-159.
74. Kramer SE, Kapteyn TS, Kuik DJ, Deeg DJ. The association of hearing impairment and chronic diseases with psychosocial health status in older age. J Aging Health. 2002;14:122-137. (Pubitemid 34037815)
75. Leung J, Wang NY, Yeagle JD, Chinnici J, Bowditch S, Francis HW, Niparko JK. Predictive models for cochlear implantation in elderly candidates. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:1049-1054. (Pubitemid 41815878)
76. Lin FR. Hearing loss and cognition among older adults in the United States. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:1131-1136.
77. Lin FR, Ferrucci L, Metter EJ, An Y, Zonderman AB, Resnick SM. Hearing loss and cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neuropsychology. 2011;25:763-770.
78. Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss and incident dementia. Arch Neurol. 2011;68:214-220.
79. Lin FR, Niparko JK, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss prevalence in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1851-1852.
80. Lin FR, Thorpe R, Gordon-Salant S, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the United States. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:582-590.
81. Liu XZ, Yan D. Ageing and hearing loss. J Pathol. 2007;211:188-197. (Pubitemid 46195517)
82. Luce PA, Feustel TC, Pisoni DB. Capacity demands in short-term memory for synthetic and natural speech. Hum Factors. 1983;25:17-32. (Pubitemid 13086058)
83. McCoy SL, Tun PA, Cox LC, Colangelo M, Stewart RA, Wingfield A. Hearing loss and perceptual effort: downstream effects on older adults' memory for speech. Q J Exp Psychol A. 2005;58:22-33. (Pubitemid 40166893)
84. Migirov L, Taitelbaum-Swead R, Drendel M, Hildesheimer M, Kronenberg J. Cochlear implantation in elderly patients: surgical and audiological outcome. Gerontology. 2010;56:123-128.
85. Mor V, Murphy J, Masterson-Allen S, Willey C, Razmpour A, Jackson ME, Greer D, Katz S. Risk of functional decline among well elders. J Clin Epidemiol. 1989;42:895-904. (Pubitemid 19231956)
86. Mulrow CD, Aguilar C, Endicott JE, Tuley MR, Velez R, Charlip WS, Rhodes MC, Hill JA, DeNino LA. Quality-of-life changes and hearing impairment. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:188-194. (Pubitemid 20242294)
87. Murphy DR, Craik FI, Li KZ, Schneider BA. Comparing the effects of aging and background noise on short-term memory performance. Psychol Aging. 2000;15:323-334.
88. Murphy DR, Daneman M, Schneider BA. Why do older adults have difficulty following conversations? Psychol Aging. 2006;21:49-61. (Pubitemid 44212046)
89. Neuropathology Group. Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicentre, community-based population in England and Wales. Neuropathology Group of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Lancet. 2001;357:169-175.
90. Ohlemiller KK. Age-related hearing loss: the status of Schuknecht's typology. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;12: 439-443. (Pubitemid 39287574)
91. Ohlemiller KK. Mechanisms and genes in human strial presbycusis from animal models. Brain Res. 2009;1277:70-83.
92. Oxman TE, Berkman LF, Kasl S, Freeman DH Jr, Barrett J. Social support and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:356-368.
93. Palmore EB, Nowlin JB, Wang HS. Predictors of function among the old-old: a 10-year follow-up. J Gerontol. 1985;40:244-250. (Pubitemid 15145986)
94. Pichora-Fuller MK, Schneider BA, Daneman M. How young and old adults listen to and remember speech in noise. J Acoust Soc Am. 1995;97:593-608.
95. Pickles JO. An introduction to the physiology of hearing. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing; 2008.
96. Rabbitt P. Mild hearing loss can cause apparent memory failures which increase with age and reduce with IQ. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1990;476:167-175.
97. Rabbitt PM. Channel-capacity, intelligibility and immediate memory. Q J Exp Psychol. 1968;20:241-248.
98. Reed D, McGee D, Yano K, Feinleib M. Social networks and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:384-396. (Pubitemid 13117419)
99. Resnick HE, Fries BE, Verbrugge LM. Windows to their world: the effect of sensory impairments on social engagement and activity time in nursing home residents. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997;52:S135-S144. (Pubitemid 27240847)
100. Roos NP, Havens B. Predictors of successful aging: a twelve-year study of Manitoba elderly. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:63-68.
101. Royall DR, Palmer R, Chiodo LK, Polk MJ. Declining executive control in normal aging predicts change in functional status: the Freedom House Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:346-352. (Pubitemid 38339513)
102. Royall DR, Palmer R, Chiodo LK, Polk MJ. Executive control mediates memory's association with change in instrumental activities of daily living: the Freedom House Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:11-17. (Pubitemid 41647625)
103. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS. Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:552-559. (Pubitemid 15189205)
104. Rubinstein JT, Parkinson WS, Tyler RS, Gantz BJ. Residual speech recognition and cochlear implant performance: effects of implantation criteria. Am J Otol. 1999;20:445-452. (Pubitemid 30117036)
105. Saczynski JS, Pfeifer LA, Masaki K, Korf ES, Laurin D, White L, Launer LJ. The effect of social engagement on incident dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:433-440.
106. Salthouse TA. Aging and measures of processing speed. Biol Psychol. 2000;54:35-54.
107. Salthouse TA. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol Rev. 1996;103:403-428. (Pubitemid 126432206)
108. Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2001;57:2236-2242. (Pubitemid 34016457)
109. Schmiedt RA, Lang H, Okamura HO, Schulte BA. Effects of furosemide applied chronically to the round window: a model of metabolic presbyacusis. J Neurosci. 2002;22:9643-9650. (Pubitemid 35356207)
110. Schneider BA, Daneman M, Murphy DR. Speech comprehension difficulties in older adults: cognitive slowing or age-related changes in hearing? Psychol Aging. 2005;20:261-271. (Pubitemid 41023406)
111. Schneider BA, Daneman M, Murphy DR, See SK. Listening to discourse in distracting settings: the effects of aging. Psychol Aging. 2000;15:110-125.
112. Schneider BA, Li L, Daneman M. How competing speech interferes with speech comprehension in everyday listening situations. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18:559-572. (Pubitemid 351175759)
113. Schuknecht HF. Presbycusis. Laryngoscope. 1955;65:402-419.
114. Schuknecht HF, Gacek MR. Cochlear pathology in presbycusis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1993;102:1-16. (Pubitemid 23025887)
115. Schuknecht HF, Watanuki K, Takahashi T, Belal AA Jr, Kimura RS, Jones DD, Ota CY. Atrophy of the stria vascularis, a common cause for hearing loss. Laryngoscope. 1974;84:1777-1821.
116. Seeman TE. Health promoting effects of friends and family on health outcomes in older adults. Am J Health Promot. 2000;14:362-370.
117. Seeman TE. Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6:442-451. (Pubitemid 26372533)
118. Seeman TE, McEwen BS. Impact of social environment characteristics on neuroendocrine regulation. Psychosom Med. 1996;58:459-471. (Pubitemid 26349892)
119. Steinbach U. Social networks, institutionalization, and mortality among elderly people in the United States. J Gerontol. 1992;47:S183-S190.
120. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002;8:448-460. (Pubitemid 34296102)
121. Strawbridge WJ, Camacho TC, Cohen RD, Kaplan GA. Gender differences in factors associated with change in physical functioning in old age: a 6-year longitudinal study. Gerontologist. 1993;33: 603-609. (Pubitemid 23295251)
122. Strawbridge WJ, Wallhagen MI, Shema SJ, Kaplan GA. Negative consequences of hearing impairment in old age: a longitudinal analysis. Gerontologist. 2000;40:320-326. (Pubitemid 30354207)
123. Stuss DT. Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain Cogn. 1992;20:8-23.
124. Tambs K. Moderate effects of hearing loss on mental health and subjective well-being: results from the Nord-Trondelag Hearing Loss Study. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:776-782. (Pubitemid 39332368)
125. Thomas A, Herbst KG. Social and psychological implications of acquired deafness for adults of employment age. Br J Audiol. 1980;14:76-85. (Pubitemid 10092585)
126. Tsuruoka H, Masuda S, Ukai K, Sakakura Y, Harada T, Majima Y. Hearing impairment and quality of life for the elderly in nursing homes. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2001;28:45-54. (Pubitemid 32008626)
127. Tun PA, McCoy S, Wingfield A. Aging, hearing acuity, and the attentional costs of effortful listening. Psychol Aging. 2009;24:761-766.
128. Uchino BN. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J Behav Med. 2006;29:377-387. (Pubitemid 44134207)
129. Uhlmann RF, Larson EB, Rees TS, Koepsell TD, Duckert LG. Relationship of hearing impairment to dementia and cognitive dysfunction in older adults. JAMA. 1989;261:1916-1919. (Pubitemid 19088941)
130. Unal M, Tamer L, Dogruer ZN, Yildirim H, Vayisoglu Y, Camdeviren H. N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism and presbycusis. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:2238-2241. (Pubitemid 44391642)
131. Van EE, Van CG, Van LL. The complexity of age-related hearing impairment: contributing environmental and genetic factors. Audiol Neurootol. 2007;12:345-358.
132. Van LL, DeStefano AL, Myers RH, Flothmann K, Thys S, Fransen E, Gates GA, Van CG, Baldwin CT. Is DFNA5 a susceptibility gene for age-related hearing impairment? Eur J Hum Genet. 2002;10:883-886. (Pubitemid 36054572)
133. Van LL, Van EE, Fransen E, Huyghe JR, Topsakal V, Hendrickx JJ, Hannula S, Maki-Torkko E, Jensen M, Demeester K, Baur M, Bonaconsa A, Mazzoli M, Espeso A, Verbruggen K, Huyghe J, Huygen P, Kunst S, Manninen M, Konings A, Diaz-Lacava AN, Steffens M, Wienker TF, Pyykko I, Cremers CW, Kremer H, Dhooge I, Stephens D, Orzan E, Pfister M, Bille M, Parving A, Sorri M, Van de Heyning PH, Van CG. The grainyhead like 2 gene (GRHL2), alias TFCP2L3, is associated with age-related hearing impairment. Hum Mol Genet. 2008;17:159-169.
134. Vermeire K, Brokx JP, Wuyts FL, Cochet E, Hofkens A, Van de Heyning PH. Quality-of-life benefit from cochlear implantation in the elderly. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:188-195. (Pubitemid 40418651)
135. Vogt TM, Mullooly JP, Ernst D, Pope CR, Hollis JF. Social networks as predictors of ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke and hypertension: incidence, survival and mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45: 659-666.
136. Wallhagen MI, Strawbridge WJ, Shema SJ, Kurata J, Kaplan GA. Comparative impact of hearing and vision impairment on subsequent functioning. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1086-1092. (Pubitemid 32801147)
137. Wang HX, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155:1081-1087. (Pubitemid 34625496)
138. Weinstein BE, Ventry IM. Hearing impairment and social isolation in the elderly. J Speech Hear Res. 1982;25:593-599. (Pubitemid 13106520)
139. Wiley TL, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Tweed TS, Klein R, Klein BE. Aging and word recognition in competing message. J Am Acad Audiol. 1998;9:191-198.
140. World Health Organization. World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness and Deafness (PBD) Program. Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment. Grades of Hearing Impairment. URL: http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/ hearing-impairment-grades/en/index.html.
141. Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado BE, Del Ser T, Otero A. Social networks, social integration, and social engagement determine cognitive decline in community-dwelling Spanish older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003;58:S93-S100. (Pubitemid 36367202)