Kalman-based autoregressive moving average modeling and inference for formant and antiformant tracking

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 132, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 1732-1746

  Mehta, Daryush D ^a   Rudoy, Daniel ^a   Wolfe, Patrick J ^b,c  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC SPEECH; AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE; AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE MODELING; BIAS AND VARIANCE; CANDIDATE SELECTION; CENTER FREQUENCY; CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS; DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING METHODS; FORMANT FREQUENCY; LINEARIZED MAPPING; POINT ESTIMATE; ROOT-MEAN SQUARE ERRORS; STATE-SPACE FRAMEWORK; SYNTHESIZED SPEECH; TIME VARYING; TRACKING PERFORMANCE; TRADE OFF; VOCAL TRACT RESONANCES;

ALGORITHMS; ERROR ANALYSIS; ESTIMATION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

PARAMETER ESTIMATION;

ADULT; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHONATION; PHONETICS; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SOUND DETECTION; SPEECH; SPEECH AUDIOMETRY; STATISTICAL MODEL; TIME; UNCERTAINTY; VIBRATION; VOCAL CORD;

ADULT; ALGORITHMS; AUDIOMETRY, SPEECH; BIOMECHANICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PHONATION; PHONETICS; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; SOUND SPECTROGRAPHY; SPEECH ACOUSTICS; TIME FACTORS; UNCERTAINTY; VIBRATION; VOCAL CORDS;

EID: 84866306536     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.4739462     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Arsikere, H., Lulich, S. M., and Alwan, A. (2011). Automatic estimation of the first subglottal resonance., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, EL197-EL203. 10.1121/1.3567004
2. Atal, B. S., and Hanauer, S. L. (1971). Speech analysis and synthesis by linear prediction of the speech wave., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 637-655. 10.1121/1.1912679
3. Atal, B. S., and Schroeder, M. R. (1978). Linear prediction analysis of speech based on a pole-zero representation., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1310-1318. 10.1121/1.382117
4. Boersma, P., and Weenink, D. (2009). praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 5.1.40) [computer program]., http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ (Last viewed July 13, 2009).
5. Broad, D. J., and Clermont, F. (1989). Formant estimation by linear transformation of the LPC cepstrum., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 2013-2017. 10.1121/1.398581
6. Childers, D. G., Skinner, D. P., and Kemerait, R. C. (1977). The cepstrum: A guide to processing., Proc. IEEE 65, 1428-1443. 10.1109/PROC.1977. 10747
7. Christensen, R., Strong, W., and Palmer, E. (1976). A comparison of three methods of extracting resonance information from predictor-coefficient coded speech., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 24, 8-14. 10.1109/TASSP.1976.1162767
8. Deng, L., Acero, A., and Bazzi, I. (2006a). Tracking vocal tract resonances using a quantized nonlinear function embedded in a temporal constraint., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 14, 425-434. 10.1109/TSA.2005.855841
9. Deng, L., Cui, X., Pruvenok, R., Huang, J., Momen, S., Chen, Y., and Alwan, A. (2006b). A database of vocal tract resonance trajectories for research in speech processing., in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. pp. I-369-372.
10. Deng, L., Lee, L. J., Attias, H., and Acero, A. (2004). A structured speech model with continuous hidden dynamics and prediction-residual training for tracking vocal tract resonances., in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. pp. I-557-560.
11. Deng, L., Lee, L. J., Attias, H., and Acero, A. (2007). Adaptive Kalman filtering and smoothing for tracking vocal tract resonances using a continuous-valued hidden dynamic model., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 15, 13-23. 10.1109/TASL.2006.876724
12. Deng, L., and Ma, J. (2000). Spontaneous speech recognition using a statistical coarticulatory model for the vocal-tract-resonance dynamics., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 3036-3048. 10.1121/1.1315288
13. Deng, L., Yu, D., and Acero, A. (2006c). A bidirectional target-filtering model of speech coarticulation and reduction: Two-stage implementation for phonetic recognition., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 14, 256-265. 10.1109/TSA.2005.854107
14. Deng, L., Yu, D., and Acero, A. (2006d). Structured speech modeling., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 14, 1492-1504. 10.1109/TASL.2006.878265
15. Friedlander, B. (1984). On the computation of the Cramer-Rao bound for ARMA parameter estimation., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 32, 721-727. 10.1109/TASSP.1984.1164391
16. Friedlander, B., and Porat, B. (1989). The exact Cramer-Rao bound for Gaussian autoregressive processes., IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 25, 3-7. 10.1109/7.18656
17. Fulop, S. A. (2010). Accuracy of formant measurement for synthesized vowels using the reassigned spectrogram and comparison with linear prediction., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2114-2117. 10.1121/1.3308476
18. Garofolo, J. S., Lamel, L., Fisher, W., Fiscus, J., Pallett, D., Dahlgren, N., and Zue, V. (1993). TIMIT Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus (Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia, PA).
19. Gordon, N. J., Salmond, D. J., and Smith, A. F. M. (1993). Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation., IEE Proc. F, Radar Signal Process. 140, 107-113. 10.1049/ip-f-2.1993.0015
20. Hamilton, J. D. (1994). Time Series Analysis (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ), Sec. (11.1).
21. Hanson, H. M., and Chuang, E. S. (1999). Glottal characteristics of male speakers: Acoustic correlates and comparison with female data., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 1064-1077. 10.1121/1.427116
22. Iseli, M., Shue, Y.-L., and Alwan, A. (2007). Age, sex, and vowel dependencies of acoustic measures related to the voice source., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 2283-2295. 10.1121/1.2697522
23. Julier, S., and Uhlmann, J. (1997). A new extension of the Kalman filter to nonlinear systems., in Proc. AeroSense: The 11th Int. Symp. on Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, pp. 182-193.
24. Julier, S., and Uhlmann, J. (2004). Unscented filtering and nonlinear estimation., Proc. IEEE 92, 401-422. 10.1109/JPROC.2003.823141
25. Kalman, R. E. (1960). A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems., Trans. ASME J. Basic Eng. 82, 35-45. 10.1115/1.3662552
26. Klatt, D. H. (1980). Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 971-995. 10.1121/1.383940
27. Kopec, G. (1986). Formant tracking using hidden Markov models and vector quantization., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 34, 709-729. 10.1109/TASSP.1986.1164908
28. Ljung, L. (1999). System Identification: Theory for the User (Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ), Sec. (10.2).
29. Ma, J. Z., and Deng, L. (2000). A path-stack algorithm for optimizing dynamic regimes in a statistical hidden dynamic model of speech., Comput. Speech Lang. 14, 101-114. 10.1006/csla.1999.0136
30. Ma, J. Z., and Deng, L. (2004). Target-directed mixture dynamic models for spontaneous speech recognition., IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 12, 47-58. 10.1109/TSA.2003.818074
31. Marelli, D., and Balazs, P. (2010). On pole-zero model estimation methods minimizing a logarithmic criterion for speech analysis., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 18, 237-248. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2025544
32. McCandless, S. (1974). An algorithm for automatic formant extraction using linear prediction spectra., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 22, 134-141. 10.1109/TASSP.1974.1162559
33. Mehta, D. D., Rudoy, D., and Wolfe, P. J. (2011). Joint source-filter modeling using flexible basis functions., in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., pp. 5888-5891.
34. Miyanaga, Y., Miki, N., and Nagai, N. (1986). Adaptive identification of a time-varying ARMA speech model., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 34, 423-433. 10.1109/TASSP.1986.1164831
35. Nearey, T. M. (1989). Static, dynamic, and relational properties in vowel perception., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 2088-2113. 10.1121/1.397861
36. Olive, J. P. (1971). Automatic formant tracking by a Newton-Raphson technique., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 661-670. 10.1121/1.1912681
37. Pruthi, T., Espy-Wilson, C. Y., and Story, B. H. (2007). Simulation and analysis of nasalized vowels based on magnetic resonance imaging data., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3858-3873. 10.1121/1.2722220
38. Rigoll, G. (1986). A new algorithm for estimation of formant trajectories directly from the speech signal based on an extended Kalman-filter., in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. pp. 1229-1232.
39. Rosenberg, A. E. (1971). Effect of glottal pulse shape on the quality of natural vowels., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 583-590. 10.1121/1.1912389
40. Rudoy, D., Quatieri, T. F., and Wolfe, P. J. (2011). Time-varying autoregressions in speech: Detection theory and applications., IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 19, 977-989. 10.1109/TASL.2010.2073704
41. Rudoy, D., Spendley, D. N., and Wolfe, P. J. (2007). Conditionally linear Gaussian models for estimating vocal tract resonances., in Proc. INTERSPEECH, pp. 526-529.
42. Schafer, R. W., and Rabiner, L. R. (1970). System for automatic formant analysis of voiced speech., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 47, 634-648. 10.1121/1.1911939
43. Sjölander, K. (2005). snack sound toolkit (version 2.2.10) [computer program]., http://www.speech.kth.se/snack/ (Last viewed November 19, 2011).
44. Sjölander, K., and Beskow, J. (2005). wavesurfer for windows (version 1.8.5) [computer program]., http://www.speech.kth.se/wavesurfer/ (Last viewed November 19, 2011).
45. Steiglitz, K. (1977). On the simultaneous estimation of poles and zeros in speech analysis., IEEE Trans. Acoust. 25, 229-234. 10.1109/TASSP.1977.1162939
46. Stevens, K. N. (1998). Acoustic Phonetics (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), Chap..
47. Titze, I. R. (2008). Nonlinear source-filter coupling in phonation: Theory., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 2733-2749. 10.1121/1.2832337
48. Tourneret, J.-Y., and Lacaze, B. (1995). On the statistics of estimated reflection and cepstrum coefficients of an autoregressive process., Signal Process. 43, 253-267. 10.1016/0165-1684(95)00004-W
49. Toyoshima, T., Miki, N., and Nagai, N. (1991). Adapative formant estimation with compensation for gross spectral shape., Electron. Commun. Jpn. Part III: Fundam. Electron. Sci. 74, 58-68.
50. Yegnanarayana, B. (1978). Formant extraction from linear-prediction phase spectra., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1638-1640. 10.1121/1.381864
51. Zheng, Y., and Hasegawa-Johnson, M. (2004). Formant tracking by mixture state particle filter., in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. pp. I-565-568.