Tracking vocal tract resonances using a quantized nonlinear function embedded in a temporal constraint

IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 425-434

  Deng, Li ^a,b   Acero, Alex ^a,b   Bazzi, Issam ^b  

^a IEEE   (United States)

^b MICROSOFT RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cepstrum; Continuity constraint; Dynamic programming; Expectation maximization (EM) optimization; Formant; Greedy search, linear predictive coding (LPC); Nonlinear prediction, prediction residual; Quantization; Vocal tract resonance (VTR)

Indexed keywords

CEPSTRUM; EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION (EM) OPTIMIZATIONS; GAUSSIAN VECTORS; GREEDY SEARCH; LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING (LPC); RESONANCE TRACKING; VOCAL TRACT RESONANCE (VTR);

ALGORITHMS; BANDWIDTH; DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; NONLINEAR SYSTEMS; SPEECH CODING; TEMPORAL LOGIC; VECTORS;

SPEECH COMMUNICATION;

EID: 33746456716     PISSN: 15587916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSA.2005.855841     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. A. Acero, "Formant analysis and synthesis using hidden Markov models," in Proc. Enrospeech, Budapest, Hungary, Sep. 1999.
2. J. Allen, M. S. Hunnicutt, and D. Klatt, From Text to Speech: The MITalk System. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.
3. I. Bazzi, A. Acero, and L. Deng, "An expectation-maximization approach for formant tracking using a parameter-free nonlinear predictor," in Proc. ICASSP, Hong Kong, Apr. 2003.
4. D. Broad and F. Clermont, "Formant estimation by linear transformation of the LPC cepstrum," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer, vol. 86, pp. 2013-2017, 1989.
5. I. Bruce, N. Karkhanis, E. Young, and M. Sachs, "Robust formant tracking in noise," in Proc. ICASSP, Orlando, FL, 2002, pp. 281-284.
6. A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, and D. B. Rubin, "Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm," J. R. Statist. Soc., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-38, 1977.
7. L. Deng and D. O'Shaughnessy, Speech Processing-A Dynamic and Optimization-Oriented Approach. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
8. L. Deng, I. Bazzi, and A. Acero, 'Tracking vocal tract resonances using an analytical nonlinear predictor and a target-guided temporal constraint," in Proc. Eurospeech, vol. I, 2003, pp. 73-76.
9. L. Deng and D. Geisler, "A composite auditory model for processing speech sounds," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 82, pp. 2001-2012, Dec. 1987.
10. L. Deng and J. Ma, "Spontaneous speech recognition using a statistical coarticulatory model for vocal-tract-resonance dynamics," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 108, pp. 3036-3048, 2000.
11. S. Dusan and L. Deng, "Recovering vocal tract shapes from MFCC parameters," in Proc. ICSLP, 1998, pp. 3087-3090.
12. G. Fant, Acoustic Theory of Speech Production. The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton, 1960.
13. Y. Gao, R. Bakis, J. Huang, and B. Zhang, "Multistage coarticulation model combining articulatory, formant, and cepstral features," in Proc. ICSLP, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 25-28.
14. J. Godfrey, E. Holliman, and J. McDaniel, "Switchboard: Telephone speech corpus for research and development," in Proc. ICASSP, 1992, pp. 517-520.
15. H. Hermansky and D. Broad, "The effective second formant F2 and the vocal tract front-cavity," in Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1, 1989, pp. 480-183.
16. J. Hogberg, "Prediction of formant frequencies from linear combinations of filterbank and cepstral coefficients," Royal Inst. Technol., Stockholm, Sweden, KTH-STL Quarterly Progress Rep., 1997.
17. J. Holmes, W. Holmes, and P. Garner, "Using formant frequencies in speech recognition," in Proc. Eurospeech, Rhodes, Greece, Sep. 1997, pp. 2083-2086.
18. C. S. Huang and H. C. Wang, "Bandwidth-adjusted LPC analysis for robust speech recognition," Pattern Recognit. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1583-1587, 2003.
19. D. Klatt, "Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 67, pp. 971-995, 1980.
20. G. Kopec, "Formant tracking using HMM's and vector quantization," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-34, pp. 709-729, 1986.
21. S. McCandless, "An algorithm for automatic formant extraction using linear prediction spectra," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-22, pp. 135-141, 1974.
22. K. Richmond, S. King, and P. Taylor, "Modeling uncertainty in recovering articulation from acoustics," Comput. Speech Lang., vol. 17, pp. 153-172, 2003.
23. F. Seide, J. Zhou, and L. Deng, "Coarticulation modeling by embedding a target-directed hidden trajectory model into HMM-MAP decoding and evaluation," in Proc. ICASSP, 2003, pp. 748-751.
24. K. Stevens, Acoustic Phonetics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
25. K. Stevens and C. Bickley, "Constraints among parameters simplify control of Klatt formant synthesizer," J. Phonetics, vol. 19, pp. 161-174, 1991.
26. J. Sun, L. Deng, and X. Jing, "Data-driven model construction for continuous speech recognition using overlapping articulatory features," in Proc. ICSLP, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 437-440.
27. D. Talkin, "Speech formant trajectory estimation using dynamic programming with modulated transition costs," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. S1, p. S55, 1987.
28. L. Welling and H. Ney, "Formant tracking for speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 6, pp. 36-48, 1998.
29. Y. Zheng and M. Hasegawa-Johnson, "Formant tracking by mixture state particle filter," in Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1, 2004, pp. 565-568.
30. P. Zolfaghari and T. Robinson, "Formant analysis using mixtures of Gaussians," in Proc. Eurospeech, Rhodes, Greece, 1997, pp. 2539-2542.