메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 18, 2012, Pages 6423-6432

Association of fecal indicator bacteria with human viruses and microbial source tracking markers at coastal beaches impacted by nonpoint source pollution

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTEROIDES; CALIFORNIA; CULTURABLE; FECAL COLIFORMS; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; HUMAN HEALTH RISKS; HUMAN PATHOGENS; HUMAN VIRUS; MARINE BEACHES; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; NESTED PCR; NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION; POLYOMAVIRUS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY; REGULATORY STANDARDS; REGULATORY THRESHOLDS;

EID: 84866181152     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00024-12     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (107)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0034996988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypes of JC virus in east, central and southwest Europe
    • Agostini HT, et al. 2001. Genotypes of JC virus in east, central and southwest Europe. J. Gen. Virol. 82:1221-1331.
    • (2001) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 1221-1331
    • Agostini, H.T.1
  • 2
    • 0029655887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype profile of human polyomavirus JC excreted in urine of immunocompetent individuals
    • Agostini HT, Ryschkewitsch CF, Stoner GL. 1996. Genotype profile of human polyomavirus JC excreted in urine of immunocompetent individuals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:159-164.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.34 , pp. 159-164
    • Agostini, H.T.1    Ryschkewitsch, C.F.2    Stoner, G.L.3
  • 3
    • 84855329239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the nifH gene marker of Methanobrevibacter smithii for the detection of sewage pollution in environmental waters in southeast Queensland, Australia
    • Ahmed W, Sidhu JP, Toze S. 2012. Evaluation of the nifH gene marker of Methanobrevibacter smithii for the detection of sewage pollution in environmental waters in southeast Queensland, Australia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46:543-550.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 543-550
    • Ahmed, W.1    Sidhu, J.P.2    Toze, S.3
  • 4
    • 38349138542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Bacteroides markers for the detection of human faecal pollution
    • Ahmed W, Stewart J, Powell D, Gardner T. 2008. Evaluation of Bacteroides markers for the detection of human faecal pollution. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 46:237-242.
    • (2008) Lett. Appl. Microbiol , vol.46 , pp. 237-242
    • Ahmed, W.1    Stewart, J.2    Powell, D.3    Gardner, T.4
  • 5
    • 77957874611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating sewageassociated JCV and BKV polyomaviruses for sourcing human fecal pollution in a coastal river in southeast Queensland, Australia
    • Ahmed W, Wan C, Goonetilleke A, Gardner T. 2010. Evaluating sewageassociated JCV and BKV polyomaviruses for sourcing human fecal pollution in a coastal river in southeast Queensland, Australia. J. Environ. Qual. 39:1743-1750.
    • (2010) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.39 , pp. 1743-1750
    • Ahmed, W.1    Wan, C.2    Goonetilleke, A.3    Gardner, T.4
  • 6
    • 0003425384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Public Health Association, 20th ed, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
    • American Public Health Association. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed, p 9.137-9.141. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
    • (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
  • 7
    • 20444419320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence and differential survival of fecal indicator bacteria in subtropical waters and sediments
    • Anderson KL, Whitlock JE, Harwood VJ. 2005. Persistence and differential survival of fecal indicator bacteria in subtropical waters and sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3041-3048.
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.71 , pp. 3041-3048
    • Anderson, K.L.1    Whitlock, J.E.2    Harwood, V.J.3
  • 8
    • 0033774937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PCR assay to discriminate human and ruminant feces on the basis of host differences in Bacteroides-Prevotella genes encoding 16S rRNA
    • Bernhard AE, Field KG. 2000. A PCR assay to discriminate human and ruminant feces on the basis of host differences in Bacteroides-Prevotella genes encoding 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4571-4574.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 4571-4574
    • Bernhard, A.E.1    Field, K.G.2
  • 9
    • 0037442386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiered approach for identification of a human fecal pollution source at a recreational beach: case study at Avalon Bay, Catalina Island, California
    • Boehm AB, Fuhrman JA, Mrse RD, Grant SB. 2003. Tiered approach for identification of a human fecal pollution source at a recreational beach: case study at Avalon Bay, Catalina Island, California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:673-680.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 673-680
    • Boehm, A.B.1    Fuhrman, J.A.2    Mrse, R.D.3    Grant, S.B.4
  • 10
    • 33845534168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification and stability of human adenoviruses and polyomavirus JCPyV in wastewater matrices
    • Bofill-Mas S, et al. 2006. Quantification and stability of human adenoviruses and polyomavirus JCPyV in wastewater matrices. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:7894-7896.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 7894-7896
    • Bofill-Mas, S.1
  • 11
    • 0033987980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Documenting the epidemiologic patterns of polyomaviruses in human populations by studying their presence in urban sewage
    • Bofill-Mas S, Pina S, Girones R. 2000. Documenting the epidemiologic patterns of polyomaviruses in human populations by studying their presence in urban sewage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:238-245.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 238-245
    • Bofill-Mas, S.1    Pina, S.2    Girones, R.3
  • 12
    • 0015033242 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing pulmonary methane excretion in man. An indirect method of studying the in situ metabolism of the methane-producing colonic bacteria
    • Bond JH, Jr, Engel RR, Levitt MD. 1971. Factors influencing pulmonary methane excretion in man. An indirect method of studying the in situ metabolism of the methane-producing colonic bacteria. J. Exp. Med. 133:572-588.
    • (1971) J. Exp. Med. , vol.133 , pp. 572-588
    • Bond Jr., J.H.1    Engel, R.R.2    Levitt, M.D.3
  • 13
    • 84872608953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference deleted.
    • Reference deleted.
  • 14
    • 0034084124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 in surface waters collected and evaluated by the information collection rule and an integrated cell culture-nested PCR procedure
    • Chapron CD, Ballester NA, Fontaine JH, Frades CN, Margolin AB. 2000. Detection of astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41 in surface waters collected and evaluated by the information collection rule and an integrated cell culture-nested PCR procedure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:2520-2525.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 2520-2525
    • Chapron, C.D.1    Ballester, N.A.2    Fontaine, J.H.3    Frades, C.N.4    Margolin, A.B.5
  • 15
    • 84858077262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using rapid indicators for Enterococcus to assess the risk of illness after exposure to urban runoff contaminated marine water
    • Colford JM, et al. 2012. Using rapid indicators for Enterococcus to assess the risk of illness after exposure to urban runoff contaminated marine water. Water Res. 46:2176-2186.
    • (2012) Water Res. , vol.46 , pp. 2176-2186
    • Colford, J.M.1
  • 16
    • 71549166026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid QPCR-based assay for fecal Bacteroides spp. as a tool for assessing fecal contamination in recreational waters
    • Converse RR, Blackwood AD, Kirs M, Griffith JF, Noble RT. 2009. Rapid QPCR-based assay for fecal Bacteroides spp. as a tool for assessing fecal contamination in recreational waters. Water Res. 43:4828-4837.
    • (2009) Water Res. , vol.43 , pp. 4828-4837
    • Converse, R.R.1    Blackwood, A.D.2    Kirs, M.3    Griffith, J.F.4    Noble, R.T.5
  • 17
  • 18
    • 1842509985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary central nervous system lymphoma expressing the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus, genome
    • Del Valle L, et al. 2004. Primary central nervous system lymphoma expressing the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus, genome. J. Virol. 78:3462-3469.
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 3462-3469
    • Del Valle, L.1
  • 19
    • 20444422471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification
    • Dick LK, et al. 2005. Host distributions of uncultivated fecal Bacteroidales bacteria reveal genetic markers for fecal source identification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3184-3191.
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.71 , pp. 3184-3191
    • Dick, L.K.1
  • 20
    • 4644301880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid estimation of numbers of fecal Bacteroidetes by use of a quantitative PCR assay for 16S rRNA genes
    • Dick LK, Field KG. 2004. Rapid estimation of numbers of fecal Bacteroidetes by use of a quantitative PCR assay for 16S rRNA genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5695-5697.
    • (2004) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.70 , pp. 5695-5697
    • Dick, L.K.1    Field, K.G.2
  • 21
    • 34547754433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of two library-independent microbial source tracking methods to identify sources of fecal contamination in French estuaries
    • Gourmelon M, et al. 2007. Evaluation of two library-independent microbial source tracking methods to identify sources of fecal contamination in French estuaries. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:4857-4866.
    • (2007) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.73 , pp. 4857-4866
    • Gourmelon, M.1
  • 23
    • 71549173118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and field testing of libraryindependent microbial source tracking methods in the Gulf of Mexico
    • Harwood VJ, et al. 2009. Validation and field testing of libraryindependent microbial source tracking methods in the Gulf of Mexico. Water Res. 43:4812-4819.
    • (2009) Water Res. , vol.43 , pp. 4812-4819
    • Harwood, V.J.1
  • 24
    • 20444423239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of the indicator organism paradigm for pathogen reduction in reclaimed water and public health protection
    • Harwood VJ, et al. 2005. Validity of the indicator organism paradigm for pathogen reduction in reclaimed water and public health protection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3163-3170.
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.71 , pp. 3163-3170
    • Harwood, V.J.1
  • 25
    • 0033831590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters
    • Harwood VJ, Whitlock J, Withington V. 2000. Classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3698-3704.
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.66 , pp. 3698-3704
    • Harwood, V.J.1    Whitlock, J.2    Withington, V.3
  • 26
    • 0017253248 scopus 로고
    • Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress
    • Holdeman LV, Good IJ, Moore WE. 1976. Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31:359-375.
    • (1976) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 359-375
    • Holdeman, L.V.1    Good, I.J.2    Moore, W.E.3
  • 27
    • 33845544287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses for determination of sources of fecal contamination in the environment
    • Hundesa A, Maluquer de Motes C, Bofill-Mas S, Albinana-Gimenez N, Girones R. 2006. Identification of human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses for determination of sources of fecal contamination in the environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:7886-7893.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 7886-7893
    • Hundesa, A.1    Maluquer de Motes, C.2    Bofill-Mas, S.3    Albinana-Gimenez, N.4    Girones, R.5
  • 28
    • 71549121652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying human and livestock sources of fecal contamination in Kenya with host-specific Bacteroidales assays
    • Jenkins MW, Tiwari S, Lorente M, Gichaba CM, Wuertz S. 2009. Identifying human and livestock sources of fecal contamination in Kenya with host-specific Bacteroidales assays. Water Res. 43:4956-4966.
    • (2009) Water Res. , vol.43 , pp. 4956-4966
    • Jenkins, M.W.1    Tiwari, S.2    Lorente, M.3    Gichaba, C.M.4    Wuertz, S.5
  • 29
    • 0035163073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff-impacted coastal waters of Southern California
    • Jiang S, Noble R, Chu W. 2001. Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff-impacted coastal waters of Southern California. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:179-184.
    • (2001) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.67 , pp. 179-184
    • Jiang, S.1    Noble, R.2    Chu, W.3
  • 30
    • 33845341846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human adenoviruses in water: occurrence and health implications: a critical review
    • Jiang SC. 2006. Human adenoviruses in water: occurrence and health implications: a critical review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40:7132-7140.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 7132-7140
    • Jiang, S.C.1
  • 31
    • 78449237643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A real-time qPCR assay for the detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a potential indicator of sewage pollution
    • Johnston C, Ufnar JA, Griffith JF, Gooch JA, Stewart JR. 2010. A real-time qPCR assay for the detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a potential indicator of sewage pollution. J. Appl. Microbiol. 109:1946-1956.
    • (2010) J. Appl. Microbiol , vol.109 , pp. 1946-1956
    • Johnston, C.1    Ufnar, J.A.2    Griffith, J.F.3    Gooch, J.A.4    Stewart, J.R.5
  • 34
    • 34547597968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 16S rRNA-based assays for quantitative detection of universal, human-, cow-, and dog-specific fecal Bacteroidales: a Bayesian approach
    • Kildare BJ, et al. 2007. 16S rRNA-based assays for quantitative detection of universal, human-, cow-, and dog-specific fecal Bacteroidales: a Bayesian approach. Water Res. 41:3701-3715.
    • (2007) Water Res. , vol.41 , pp. 3701-3715
    • Kildare, B.J.1
  • 35
    • 33745153077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene Taq- Man-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water
    • Layton A, et al. 2006. Development of Bacteroides 16S rRNA gene Taq- Man-based real-time PCR assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:4214-4224.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 4214-4224
    • Layton, A.1
  • 36
    • 0031923090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of Methanobrevibacter isolated from feces of humans and other animals
    • Lin C, Miller TL. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of Methanobrevibacter isolated from feces of humans and other animals. Arch. Microbiol. 169:397-403.
    • (1998) Arch. Microbiol , vol.169 , pp. 397-403
    • Lin, C.1    Miller, T.L.2
  • 37
    • 0027396830 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of BK virus and JC virus viruria in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected subjects
    • Markowitz RB, Thompson HC, Mueller JF, Cohen JA, Dynan WS. 1993. Incidence of BK virus and JC virus viruria in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected subjects. J. Infect. Dis. 167:13-20.
    • (1993) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.167 , pp. 13-20
    • Markowitz, R.B.1    Thompson, H.C.2    Mueller, J.F.3    Cohen, J.A.4    Dynan, W.S.5
  • 38
    • 33845542335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of human derived fecal pollution in environmental waters using a PCR based human polyomavirus assay
    • McQuaig SM, Scott TM, Harwood VJ, Farrah SR, Lukasik JO. 2006. Detection of human derived fecal pollution in environmental waters using a PCR based human polyomavirus assay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:7567-7574.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 7567-7574
    • McQuaig, S.M.1    Scott, T.M.2    Harwood, V.J.3    Farrah, S.R.4    Lukasik, J.O.5
  • 39
    • 66249090524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of human polyomaviruses JC virus and BK virus by Taq-Man quantitative PCR and comparison to other water quality indicators in water and fecal samples
    • McQuaig SM, Scott TM, Lukasik JO, Paul JH, Harwood VJ. 2009. Quantification of human polyomaviruses JC virus and BK virus by Taq-Man quantitative PCR and comparison to other water quality indicators in water and fecal samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:3379-3388.
    • (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.75 , pp. 3379-3388
    • McQuaig, S.M.1    Scott, T.M.2    Lukasik, J.O.3    Paul, J.H.4    Harwood, V.J.5
  • 41
    • 84872621547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California
    • Natural Resources Defense Council, Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, NY.
    • Natural Resources Defense Council. 2009. California. In Testing the water 2009. Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, NY. http://www.nrdc.org/water/oceans/ttw/sumcal.pdf.
    • (2009) Testing the water 2009
  • 42
    • 2942610631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study
    • Noble RT, et al. 2003. Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study. J. Water Health 1:195-207.
    • (2003) J. Water Health , vol.1 , pp. 195-207
    • Noble, R.T.1
  • 43
    • 33144460975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California
    • Noble RT, et al. 2006. Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:1604-1612.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.72 , pp. 1604-1612
    • Noble, R.T.1
  • 44
    • 33847312252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for assessment of fecal pollution in freshwater
    • Okabe S, Okayama N, Savichtcheva O, Ito T. 2007. Quantification of host-specific Bacteroides-Prevotella 16S rRNA genetic markers for assessment of fecal pollution in freshwater. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74:890-901.
    • (2007) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.74 , pp. 890-901
    • Okabe, S.1    Okayama, N.2    Savichtcheva, O.3    Ito, T.4
  • 45
    • 84866177287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • San Juan Creek Watershed Chapter
    • Orange County, Orange County Public Health Laboratory, Santa Ana, CA.
    • Orange County. 2003. San Juan Creek Watershed Chapter. In Drainage area management plan. Orange County Public Health Laboratory, Santa Ana, CA.
    • (2003) Drainage area management plan
  • 46
    • 18144379109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of JC polyomavirus in tracing the pattern of human migrations dating to prehistoric times
    • Pavesi A. 2005. Utility of JC polyomavirus in tracing the pattern of human migrations dating to prehistoric times. J. Gen. Virol. 86:1315-1326.
    • (2005) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.86 , pp. 1315-1326
    • Pavesi, A.1
  • 47
    • 0031664503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral pollution in the environment and in shellfish: human adenovirus detection by PCR as an index of human viruses
    • Pina S, Puig M, Lucena F, Jofre J, Girones R. 1998. Viral pollution in the environment and in shellfish: human adenovirus detection by PCR as an index of human viruses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:3376-3382.
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 3376-3382
    • Pina, S.1    Puig, M.2    Lucena, F.3    Jofre, J.4    Girones, R.5
  • 48
    • 4043080593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and patterns of polyomavirus urinary excretion in immunocompetent adults and children
    • Polo C, et al. 2004. Prevalence and patterns of polyomavirus urinary excretion in immunocompetent adults and children. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 10:640-644.
    • (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.10 , pp. 640-644
    • Polo, C.1
  • 49
    • 34547476651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quo vadis source tracking? Towards a strategic framework for environmental monitoring of fecal pollution
    • Santo Domingo JW, Bambic DG, Edge TA, Wuertz S. 2007. Quo vadis source tracking? Towards a strategic framework for environmental monitoring of fecal pollution. Water Res. 41:3539-3552.
    • (2007) Water Res. , vol.41 , pp. 3539-3552
    • Santo Domingo, J.W.1    Bambic, D.G.2    Edge, T.A.3    Wuertz, S.4
  • 50
    • 12744260019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantification of the human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater
    • Seurinck S, Defoirdt T, Verstraete W, Siciliano SD. 2005. Detection and quantification of the human-specific HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic marker with real-time PCR for assessment of human faecal pollution in freshwater. Environ. Microbiol. 7:249-259.
    • (2005) Environ. Microbiol , vol.7 , pp. 249-259
    • Seurinck, S.1    Defoirdt, T.2    Verstraete, W.3    Siciliano, S.D.4
  • 51
    • 77956517245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of PCR-based assays targeting Bacteroidales genetic markers of human fecal pollution in sewage and fecal samples
    • Shanks OC, et al. 2010. Performance of PCR-based assays targeting Bacteroidales genetic markers of human fecal pollution in sewage and fecal samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:6281-6288.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 6281-6288
    • Shanks, O.C.1
  • 52
    • 84866167596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Orange County Wastewater Authority, South Orange County Wastewater Authority, Dana Point, CA.
    • South Orange County Wastewater Authority. 2007. Agency boundary map. South Orange County Wastewater Authority, Dana Point, CA.
    • (2007) Agency boundary map
  • 53
    • 84866166829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South Orange County Wastewater Authority, South Orange County Wastewater Authority, Dana Point, CA.
    • South Orange County Wastewater Authority. 2005. San Juan Creek Outfall. South Orange County Wastewater Authority, Dana Point, CA.
    • (2005) San Juan Creek Outfall
  • 55
    • 5444221918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of BK virus prevalent in Japan and variation in their transcriptional control region
    • Takasaka T, et al. 2004. Subtypes of BK virus prevalent in Japan and variation in their transcriptional control region. J. Gen. Virol. 85:2821-2827.
    • (2004) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 2821-2827
    • Takasaka, T.1
  • 56
    • 33745455754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii: a potential tool to identify sewage pollution in recreational waters
    • Ufnar JA, et al. 2006. Detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii: a potential tool to identify sewage pollution in recreational waters. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101:44-52.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Microbiol , vol.101 , pp. 44-52
    • Ufnar, J.A.1
  • 57
    • 0004083962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Environmental Protection Agency, Report EPA-821/R-97/004. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Method 1600: membrane filter test methods for enterococci in water. Report EPA-821/R-97/004. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1997) Method 1600: membrane filter test methods for enterococci in water
  • 59
    • 34248373684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools
    • Vogel JR, et al. 2007. Identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools. J. Environ. Qual. 36:718-729.
    • (2007) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.36 , pp. 718-729
    • Vogel, J.R.1
  • 60
    • 35448985445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty
    • Wexler HM. 2007. Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20:593-621.
    • (2007) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 593-621
    • Wexler, H.M.1
  • 61
    • 58549118705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of polyoma BK virus shedding in the gastrointestinal tract after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective and quantitative analysis
    • Wong AS, Cheng VC, Yuen KY, Kwong YL, Leung AY. 2009. High frequency of polyoma BK virus shedding in the gastrointestinal tract after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective and quantitative analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant. 43:43-47.
    • (2009) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.43 , pp. 43-47
    • Wong, A.S.1    Cheng, V.C.2    Yuen, K.Y.3    Kwong, Y.L.4    Leung, A.Y.5
  • 62
    • 33746199793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic DNA functions as a universal external standard in quantitative real-time PCR
    • doi:10.1093/nar/gkl400.
    • Yun JJ, et al. 2006. Genomic DNA functions as a universal external standard in quantitative real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 34:e85. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl400.
    • (2006) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.34
    • Yun, J.J.1
  • 63
    • 59849129881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution patterns of BK polyomavirus (BKV) subtypes and subgroups in American, European and Asian populations suggest co-migration of BKV and the human race
    • Zhong S, et al. 2009. Distribution patterns of BK polyomavirus (BKV) subtypes and subgroups in American, European and Asian populations suggest co-migration of BKV and the human race. J. Gen. Virol. 90:144-152.
    • (2009) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.90 , pp. 144-152
    • Zhong, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.