메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 74, 2012, Pages 2181-2190

Planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque

Author keywords

Foot; Kinematics; Locomotion; Macaca fuscata

Indexed keywords

KINEMATICS; RADIO COMMUNICATION;

EID: 84866162557     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0026     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (49)
  • 2
    • 0031920790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic coordination in human gait: Relation to mechanical energy cost
    • Bianchi, L., Angelini, D., Orani, G. P. & Lacquaniti, F. 1998 Kinematic coordination in human gait: relation to mechanical energy cost. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 2155-2170.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.79 , pp. 2155-2170
    • Bianchi, L.1    Angelini, D.2    Orani, G.P.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 3
    • 0031795953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor patterns for human gait: Backward versus forward locomotion
    • Grasso, R., Bianchi, L. & Lacquaniti, F. 1998 Motor patterns for human gait: backward versus forward locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 1868-1885.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1868-1885
    • Grasso, R.1    Bianchi, L.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 4
    • 0033981777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between posture and locomotion: Motor patterns in humans walking with bent posture versus erect posture
    • Grasso, R., Zago, M. & Lacquaniti, F. 2000 Interactions between posture and locomotion: motor patterns in humans walking with bent posture versus erect posture. J. Neurophysiol. 83, 288-300.
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 288-300
    • Grasso, R.1    Zago, M.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 5
    • 0036082809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of foot trajectory in human locomotion: Role of ground contact forces in simulated reduced gravity
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Grasso, R., Macellari, V. & Lacquaniti, F. 2002 Control of foot trajectory in human locomotion: role of ground contact forces in simulated reduced gravity. J. Neurophysiol. 87, 3070-3089.
    • (2002) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.87 , pp. 3070-3089
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Grasso, R.2    Macellari, V.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 6
    • 21544439302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematics in newly walking toddlers does not depend upon postural stability
    • doi:10.1152/jn.00088.2005
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Dominici, N., Cappellini, G. & Lacquaniti, F. 2005 Kinematics in newly walking toddlers does not depend upon postural stability. J. Neurophysiol. 94, 754-763. (doi:10.1152/jn.00088.2005)
    • (2005) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.94 , pp. 754-763
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Dominici, N.2    Cappellini, G.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 7
    • 35348873806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modular control of limb movements during human locomotion
    • doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2644-07.2007
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Dominici, N., Poppele, R. E. & Lacquaniti, F. 2007 Modular control of limb movements during human locomotion. J. Neurosci. 27, 11149-11161. (doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2644-07.2007)
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 11149-11161
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Cappellini, G.2    Dominici, N.3    Poppele, R.E.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 8
    • 42249090916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of planar covariation of elevation angles during human locomotion
    • doi:10.1152/jn.01308.2007
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., d'Avella, A., Poppele, R. E. & Lacquaniti, F. 2008 On the origin of planar covariation of elevation angles during human locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 99, 1890-1898. (doi:10.1152/jn.01308.2007)
    • (2008) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.99 , pp. 1890-1898
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    D'Avella, A.2    Poppele, R.E.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 9
    • 33748525830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersegmental coordination during human locomotion: Does planar covariation of elevation angles reflect central constraints?
    • doi:10.1152/jn.00289.2006
    • Hicheur, H., Terekhov, A. V. & Berthoz, A. 2006 Intersegmental coordination during human locomotion: does planar covariation of elevation angles reflect central constraints? J. Neurophysiol. 96, 1406-1419. (doi:10.1152/jn.00289.2006)
    • (2006) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.96 , pp. 1406-1419
    • Hicheur, H.1    Terekhov, A.V.2    Berthoz, A.3
  • 10
    • 62949127896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytical formulation of the law of intersegmental coordination during human locomotion
    • doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1633-0
    • Barliya, A., Omlor, L., Giese, M. A. & Flash, T. 2009 An analytical formulation of the law of intersegmental coordination during human locomotion. Exp. Brain Res. 193, 371-385. (doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1633-0)
    • (2009) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.193 , pp. 371-385
    • Barliya, A.1    Omlor, L.2    Giese, M.A.3    Flash, T.4
  • 11
    • 77949699388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic strategies in newly walking toddlers stepping over different support surfaces
    • doi:10.1152/jn.00945.2009
    • Dominici, N., Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Zampagni, M. L. & Lacquaniti, F. 2010 Kinematic strategies in newly walking toddlers stepping over different support surfaces. J. Neurophysiol. 103, 1673-1684. (doi:10.1152/jn.00945.2009)
    • (2010) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.103 , pp. 1673-1684
    • Dominici, N.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Cappellini, G.3    Zampagni, M.L.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 12
    • 0027972155 scopus 로고
    • Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture
    • Lacquaniti, F. & Maioli, C. 1994 Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1476-1495.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 1476-1495
    • Lacquaniti, F.1    Maioli, C.2
  • 15
    • 0002423471 scopus 로고
    • The bipedal walking of the chimpanzee
    • doi:10.2307/1374722
    • Elftman, H. 1944 The bipedal walking of the chimpanzee. J. Mammal. 25, 67-71. (doi:10.2307/1374722)
    • (1944) J. Mammal. , vol.25 , pp. 67-71
    • Elftman, H.1
  • 16
    • 0015522184 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee bipedalism: Cineradiographic analysis and implications for evolution of gait
    • doi:10.1126/science.178.4063.877
    • Jenkins, F. A. 1972 Chimpanzee bipedalism: cineradiographic analysis and implications for evolution of gait. Science 178, 877-879. (doi:10.1126/science. 178.4063.877)
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 877-879
    • Jenkins, F.A.1
  • 17
    • 0006921246 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of bipedal walking in anthropoid primates
    • eds S. Kondo, M. Kawai, A. Ehara & S. Kawamura, 21-24 August 1974, Nagoya, Japan, Tokyo, Japan: Japan Science Press
    • Ishida, H., Kimura, T. & Okada, M. 1974 Patterns of bipedal walking in anthropoid primates. In The 5th Congress of the Int. Primatological Society (eds S. Kondo, M. Kawai, A. Ehara & S. Kawamura), 21-24 August 1974, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 287-301. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Science Press.
    • (1974) The 5th Congress of the Int. Primatological Society , pp. 287-301
    • Ishida, H.1    Kimura, T.2    Okada, M.3
  • 18
    • 0012401645 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of primate bipedal walking as viewed from the force of foot
    • doi:10.1007/BF02382955
    • Kimura, T., Okada, M. & Ishida, H. 1977 Dynamics of primate bipedal walking as viewed from the force of foot. Primates 18, 137-147. (doi:10.1007/BF02382955)
    • (1977) Primates , vol.18 , pp. 137-147
    • Kimura, T.1    Okada, M.2    Ishida, H.3
  • 19
    • 0018758548 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical analysis of primate bipedal walking by computer simulation
    • doi:10.1016/0047-2484(79)90057-5
    • Yamazaki, N., Ishida, H., Kimura, T. & Okada, M. 1979 Biomechanical analysis of primate bipedal walking by computer simulation. J. Hum. Evol. 8, 337-349. (doi:10.1016/0047-2484(79)90057-5)
    • (1979) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 337-349
    • Yamazaki, N.1    Ishida, H.2    Kimura, T.3    Okada, M.4
  • 20
    • 0018817895 scopus 로고
    • Origin of bipedalism
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330520204
    • Prost, J. H. 1980 Origin of bipedalism. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 52, 175-189. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330520204)
    • (1980) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.52 , pp. 175-189
    • Prost, J.H.1
  • 22
    • 0023080577 scopus 로고
    • Stride length and its determinants in humans, early hominids, primates, and mammals
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330720113
    • Reynolds, T. R. 1987 Stride length and its determinants in humans, early hominids, primates, and mammals. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 72, 101-115. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330720113)
    • (1987) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.72 , pp. 101-115
    • Reynolds, T.R.1
  • 23
    • 0027474926 scopus 로고
    • New method of 3-dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body-parts centers of mass in man and nonhuman-primates-evolutionary framework
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330900406
    • Tardieu, C., Aurengo, A. & Tardieu, B. 1993 New method of 3-dimensional analysis of bipedal locomotion for the study of displacements of the body and body-parts centers of mass in man and nonhuman-primates- evolutionary framework. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90, 455-476. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330900406)
    • (1993) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.90 , pp. 455-476
    • Tardieu, C.1    Aurengo, A.2    Tardieu, B.3
  • 24
    • 0036731017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segment and joint angles of hind limb during bipedal and quadrupedal walking of the bonobo (Pan paniscus)
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.10112
    • D'Aout, K., Aerts, P., De Clercq, D., De Meester, K. & Van Elsacker, L. 2002 Segment and joint angles of hind limb during bipedal and quadrupedal walking of the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 119, 37-51. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.10112)
    • (2002) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.119 , pp. 37-51
    • D'Aout, K.1    Aerts, P.2    De Clercq, D.3    De Meester, K.4    Van Elsacker, L.5
  • 25
    • 33748437403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speed modulation in hylobatid bipedalism: A kinematic analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.005
    • Vereecke, E. E., D'Aout, K. & Aerts, P. 2006 Speed modulation in hylobatid bipedalism: a kinematic analysis. J. Hum. Evol. 51, 513-526. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.005)
    • (2006) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.51 , pp. 513-526
    • Vereecke, E.E.1    D'Aout, K.2    Aerts, P.3
  • 26
    • 33748436501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of hylobatid bipedalism: Evidence for an energy-saving mechanism?
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.02316
    • Vereecke, E. E., D'Aout, K. & Aerts, P. 2006 The dynamics of hylobatid bipedalism: evidence for an energy-saving mechanism? J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2829-2838. (doi:10.1242/jeb.02316)
    • (2006) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.209 , pp. 2829-2838
    • Vereecke, E.E.1    D'Aout, K.2    Aerts, P.3
  • 27
    • 34547619440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0703267104
    • Sockol, M. D., Raichlen, D. A. & Pontzer, H. 2007 Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 12 265-12 269. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0703267104)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 12265-12269
    • Sockol, M.D.1    Raichlen, D.A.2    Pontzer, H.3
  • 28
    • 34248652132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of bipedalism in Propithecus verreauxi
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00253.x
    • Wunderlich, R. E. & Schaum, J. C. 2007 Kinematics of bipedalism in Propithecus verreauxi. J. Zool. 272, 165-175. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006. 00253.x)
    • (2007) J. Zool. , vol.272 , pp. 165-175
    • Wunderlich, R.E.1    Schaum, J.C.2
  • 29
    • 3042841706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do highly trained monkeys walk like humans? A kinematic study of bipedal locomotion in bipedally trained Japanese macaques
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.04.004
    • Hirasaki, E., Ogihara, N., Hamada, Y., Kumakura, H. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2004 Do highly trained monkeys walk like humans? A kinematic study of bipedal locomotion in bipedally trained Japanese macaques. J. Hum. Evol. 46, 739-750. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.04.004)
    • (2004) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.46 , pp. 739-750
    • Hirasaki, E.1    Ogihara, N.2    Hamada, Y.3    Kumakura, H.4    Nakatsukasa, M.5
  • 31
    • 33747618753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure of bipedal walking is higher than that of quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.20403
    • Nakatsukasa, M., Hirasaki, E. & Ogihara, N. 2006 Energy expenditure of bipedal walking is higher than that of quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 131, 33-37. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.20403)
    • (2006) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.131 , pp. 33-37
    • Nakatsukasa, M.1    Hirasaki, E.2    Ogihara, N.3
  • 32
    • 13744264153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic analysis of bipedal locomotion of a Japanese macaque that lost its forearms due to congenital malformation
    • doi:10.1007/s10329-004-0100-1
    • Ogihara, N., Usui, H., Hirasaki, E., Hamada, Y. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2005 Kinematic analysis of bipedal locomotion of a Japanese macaque that lost its forearms due to congenital malformation. Primates 46, 11-19. (doi:10.1007/s10329-004-0100-1)
    • (2005) Primates , vol.46 , pp. 11-19
    • Ogihara, N.1    Usui, H.2    Hirasaki, E.3    Hamada, Y.4    Nakatsukasa, M.5
  • 33
    • 34548274606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground-reaction-force profiles of bipedal walking in bipedally trained Japanese monkeys
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.004
    • Ogihara, N., Hirasaki, E., Kumakura, H. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2007 Ground-reaction-force profiles of bipedal walking in bipedally trained Japanese monkeys. J. Hum. Evol. 53, 302-308. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.004)
    • (2007) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.53 , pp. 302-308
    • Ogihara, N.1    Hirasaki, E.2    Kumakura, H.3    Nakatsukasa, M.4
  • 34
    • 67649601179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an anatomically based whole-body musculoskeletal model of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata)
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.20986
    • Ogihara, N., Makishima, H., Aoi, S., Sugimoto, Y., Tsuchiya, K. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2009 Development of an anatomically based whole-body musculoskeletal model of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 139, 323-338. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.20986)
    • (2009) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.139 , pp. 323-338
    • Ogihara, N.1    Makishima, H.2    Aoi, S.3    Sugimoto, Y.4    Tsuchiya, K.5    Nakatsukasa, M.6
  • 35
    • 76949099848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional musculoskeletal kinematics during bipedal locomotion in the Japanese macaque, reconstructed based on an anatomical model-matching method
    • doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.009
    • Ogihara, N., Makishima, H. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2010 Three-dimensional musculoskeletal kinematics during bipedal locomotion in the Japanese macaque, reconstructed based on an anatomical model-matching method. J. Hum. Evol. 58, 252-261. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.11.009)
    • (2010) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.58 , pp. 252-261
    • Ogihara, N.1    Makishima, H.2    Nakatsukasa, M.3
  • 36
    • 79960160040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forward dynamic simulation of bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque: Investigation of causal relationships among limb kinematics, speed, and energetics of bipedal locomotion in a nonhuman primate
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.21537
    • Ogihara, N., Aoi, S., Sugimoto, Y., Tsuchiya, K. & Nakatsukasa, M. 2011 Forward dynamic simulation of bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque: investigation of causal relationships among limb kinematics, speed, and energetics of bipedal locomotion in a nonhuman primate. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 145, 568-580. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21537)
    • (2011) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.145 , pp. 568-580
    • Ogihara, N.1    Aoi, S.2    Sugimoto, Y.3    Tsuchiya, K.4    Nakatsukasa, M.5
  • 37
    • 0024833906 scopus 로고
    • In vitro determination of midfoot motion
    • Ouzounian, T. J. & Shereff, M. J. 1989 In vitro determination of midfoot motion. Foot Ankle 10, 140-146.
    • (1989) Foot Ankle , vol.10 , pp. 140-146
    • Ouzounian, T.J.1    Shereff, M.J.2
  • 39
    • 75149123863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the 'midtarsal break'
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.21140
    • DeSilva, J. M. 2010 Revisiting the 'midtarsal break'. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 141 , 245-258. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21140)
    • (2010) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.141 , pp. 245-258
    • DeSilva, J.M.1
  • 40
    • 0003084576 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee and human feet in bipedal walking
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330200109
    • Elftman, H. & Manter, J. 1935 Chimpanzee and human feet in bipedal walking. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20, 69-79. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330200109)
    • (1935) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.20 , pp. 69-79
    • Elftman, H.1    Manter, J.2
  • 41
    • 0026064459 scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of the cercopithecine foot on arboreal and terrestrial substrates with implications for the interpretation of hominid terrestrial adaptations
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330840305
    • Meldrum, D. J. 1991 Kinematics of the cercopithecine foot on arboreal and terrestrial substrates with implications for the interpretation of hominid terrestrial adaptations. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 84, 273-289. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330840305)
    • (1991) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.84 , pp. 273-289
    • Meldrum, D.J.1
  • 42
    • 0026758323 scopus 로고
    • Plantigrady and foot adaptation in African apes: Implications for hominid origins
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330890105
    • Gebo, D. L. 1992 Plantigrady and foot adaptation in African apes: implications for hominid origins. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 89, 29-58. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330890105)
    • (1992) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.89 , pp. 29-58
    • Gebo, D.L.1
  • 43
    • 0347296385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during terrestrial locomotion of bonobos (Pan paniscus)
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.10163
    • Vereecke, E., D'Aout, K., De Clercq, D., Van Elsacker, L. & Aerts, P. 2003 Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during terrestrial locomotion of bonobos (Pan paniscus). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 120, 373-383. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.10163)
    • (2003) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.120 , pp. 373-383
    • Vereecke, E.1    D'Aout, K.2    De Clercq, D.3    Van Elsacker, L.4    Aerts, P.5
  • 44
    • 57149087092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of the gibbon foot and its potential for elastic energy storage during bipedalism
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.018754
    • Vereecke, E. & Aerts, P. 2008 The mechanics of the gibbon foot and its potential for elastic energy storage during bipedalism. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 3661-3670. (doi:10.1242/jeb.018754)
    • (2008) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.211 , pp. 3661-3670
    • Vereecke, E.1    Aerts, P.2
  • 45
    • 77950822383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.21240
    • Hirasaki, E., Higurashi, Y. & Kumakura, H. 2010 Dynamic plantar pressure distribution during locomotion in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142, 149-156. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.21240)
    • (2010) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.142 , pp. 149-156
    • Hirasaki, E.1    Higurashi, Y.2    Kumakura, H.3
  • 46
    • 0020966356 scopus 로고
    • The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis
    • doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600302
    • Stern, J. T. & Susman, R. L. 1983 The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 60, 279-317. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330600302)
    • (1983) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.60 , pp. 279-317
    • Stern, J.T.1    Susman, R.L.2
  • 47
    • 0022495468 scopus 로고
    • The settlement of the longitudinal plantar arch of some African Pliopleistocene hominids: A morphological study
    • doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80063-X
    • Lamy, P. 1986 The settlement of the longitudinal plantar arch of some African Pliopleistocene hominids: a morphological study. J. Hum. Evol. 15, 31-46. (doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80063-X)
    • (1986) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 31-46
    • Lamy, P.1
  • 48
    • 79951480043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete fourth metatarsal and arches in the foot of Australopithecus afarensis
    • doi:10.1126/science.1201463
    • Ward, C. V., Kimbel, W. H. & Johanson, D. C. 2011 Complete fourth metatarsal and arches in the foot of Australopithecus afarensis. Science 331, 750-753. (doi:10.1126/science.1201463)
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 750-753
    • Ward, C.V.1    Kimbel, W.H.2    Johanson, D.C.3
  • 49
    • 76749128886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of foot posture on the cost of transport in humans
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.038984
    • Cunningham, C. B., Schilling, N., Anders, C. & Carrier, D. R. 2010 The influence of foot posture on the cost of transport in humans. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 790-797. (doi:10.1242/jeb.038984)
    • (2010) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.213 , pp. 790-797
    • Cunningham, C.B.1    Schilling, N.2    Anders, C.3    Carrier, D.R.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.