Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism: Seventh Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 267-272

  Weinstein, Robert S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

Author keywords

11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; BMD; Bone cell apoptosis; Cancellous bone; Cortical bone; Corticosteroid osteoporosis; Fractures; Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis; Histomorphometry; Kyphoplasty; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteocytes; Osteonecrosis; Side effects

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866048790     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470623992.ch58     Document Type: Chapter

References (77)

1. Weinstein RS 2001 Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rev En-docr Metab Disord 2:65-73.
2. Canalis E, Mazziotti G, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP 2007 Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Pathophysiology and therapy. Osteoporosis Int 18:1319-1328.
3. Angeli A, Guglielmi G, Dovio A, Capelli G, de Feo D, Giannini S, Giorgino R, Moro L, Giustina A 2006 High prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in post-menopausal women receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy: A cross-sectional outpatient study. Bone 39:253-259.
4. Salerno A, Hermann R 2006 Efficacy and safety of steroid use for postoperative pain relief. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:1361-1372.
5. Mankin HF 1992 Nontraumatic necrosis of bone (osteonecrosis). N Engl J Med 326:1473-1479.
6. Weinstein RS, Jilka RL, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC 1998 Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids: Potential mechanisms of the deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest 102:274-282.
7. O'Brien CA, Jia D, Plotkin LI, Bellido T, Powers CC, Stewart SA, Manolagas SC, Weinstein RS 2004 Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoblasts and osteocytes to induce their apoptosis and reduce bone formation and strength. Endocrinology 145:1835-1841.
8. Jia D, O'Brien CA, Stewart SA, Manolagas SC, Weinstein RS 2006 Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoclasts to increase their lifespan and reduce bone density. Endocrinology 147:5592-5599.
9. Sambrook PN, Hughes DR, Nelsen AE, Robinson BG, Mason RS 2003 Osteocyte viability with glucocorticoid treatment: Relation to histomorphometry. Ann Rheum Dis 62:1215-1217.
10. Weinstein RS, Chen JR, Powers CC, Stewart SA, Landes RD, Bellido T, Jilka RL, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC 2002 Promotion of osteoclast survival and antagonism of bisphosphonate-induced osteoclast apoptosis by glucocorticoids. J Clin Invest 109:1041-1048.
11. Cooper MS, Rabbitt EH, Goddard PE, Bartlett WA, Hewison M, Stewart PM 2002 Osteoblastic llpi-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity increases with age and glucocorticoid exposure. J Bone Miner Res 17:979-986.
12. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L 2006 Methotrexate, aza-thioprine, cyclosporine, and risk of fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 79:69-75.
13. Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC 2005 Apoptosis in glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 12:219-223.
14. Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, Brasington R, Burmeister LF, Zimmerman B, Kohler JA, Fürst DE 1994 Low dose long-term corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: An analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med 96:115-123.
15. Maalouf NM, Shane E 2005 Osteoporosis after solid organ transplantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2456-2465.
16. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Leslie W, Wajda A, Yu BN 2000 The incidence of fractures among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Intern Med 133:795-799.
17. Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, Aadland E 2002 Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 37:192-199.
18. Stockbrugger RW, Schoon EJ, Bollam S, Mills PR, Israeli E, Landgraf L, Felsenberg D, Ljunghall S, Nygard G, Persson T, Graffner H, Bianchi Porro G, Ferguson A 2002 Discordance between the degree of osteopenia and the prevalence of spontaneous vertebral fractures in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16:1519-1527.
19. Jorgensen NR, Schwarz P, Holme I, Hendriksen BM, Petersen LJ, Becker V 2007 The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross sectional study. Respir Med 101:177-185.
20. Wakata N, Nemoto H, Sugimoto H, Nomoto N, Konno S, Hayashi N, Arak Y, Nakazato A 2004 Bone density in myasthenia gravis patients receiving long-term prednisolone therapy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106:139-141.
21. Khachanova NV, Demina TL, Smirnov AV, Gusev EI 2006 Risk factors of osteoporosis in women with multiple sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 3:56-63.
22. Nathan AW, Rose GL 1979 Fatal iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 1:207.
23. Nasser SMS, Ewan PW 2001 Depot corticosteroid treatment for hay fever causing avascular necrosis of both hips. BMJ 322:1589-1591.
24. McLean CJ, Lobo RFJ. Brazier DJ 1995 Cataracts, glaucoma, and femoral avascular necrosis caused by topical corticosteroid ointment. Lancet 345:330.
25. Champion PK 1974 Cushing's syndrome secondary to abuse of dexamethasone nasal spray. Arch Intern Med 134:750-751.
26. Licata AA 2005 Systemic effects of fluticasone nasal spray: Report of two cases. Endocr Pract 11:194-196.
27. Kubo T, Kojima A, Yamazoe S, Ueshima K, Yamamoto T, Hi-rasawa Y 2001 Osteonecrosis of the femoral head that developed after long-term topical steroid application. J Orthop Sei 6:92-94.
28. Williams PL, Corbett M 1983 Avascular necrosis of bone complicating corticosteroid replacement therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 42:276-279.
29. Snyder S 1984 Avascular necrosis and corticosteroids. Ann Intern Med 100:770.
30. Zelissen PMJ, Croughs RJM, van Rijk PP, Raymakers JA 1994 Effect of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on bone mineral density in patients with Addison disease. Ann Intern Med 120:207-210.
31. King JA, Wisniewski AB, Bankowski BJ, Carson KA, Zacur HA, Migeon CJ 2006 Long-term corticosteroid replacement and bone mineral density in adult women with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:865-869.
32. LoCascio V, Bonucci E, Imbimbo B, Ballanti P, Adami S, Milani S, Tartarotti D, DellaRocca C 1990 Bone loss in response to long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Bone Miner 8:39-51.
33. Weinstein RS 2000 Perspective: True strength. J Bone Miner Res 15:621-625.
34. van Staa TP, Laan RF, Barton IP, Cohen S, Reid DM, Cooper C 2003 Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthrit Rheum 48:3224-3229.
35. van Staa TP, Leufkins H, Cooper C 2001 Use of inhaled glucocorticoids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 16:581-588.
36. Gluck OS, Murphy WA, Hahn TJ, Hahn B 1981 Bone loss in adults receiving alternate day glucocorticoid therapy, A comparison with daily therapy. Arthrit Rheum 24:892-898.
37. Samaras K, Pett S, Gowers A, McMurchie M, Cooper DA 2005 Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with osteoporosis and secondary adrenal failure in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors: Six cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4394-398.
38. Sosa M, Saavedra P, Valero C, Guanabens N, Nogues X, del Pino-Montes J, Mosquera J, Alegre J, Gomez-Alonso C, Munoz-Torres M, Quesada M, Perez-Cano R, Jodar E, Torrijos A, Lozano-Tonkin C. Diaz-Curiel M 2006 Inhaled steroids do not decrease bone mineral density but increase risk of fractures: Data from the GIUMO study group. J Clin Densitom 9:154-158.
39. de Vries F, Bracke M, Leufkens HGM, Lammers JWJ, Cooper C, van Staa TP 2007 Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthrit Rheum 56:208-214.
40. Dempster DW 1989 Bone histomorphometry in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 4:137-141.
41. Dempster DW, Arlot MA, Meunier PJ 1983 Mean wall thickness and formation periods of trabecular bone packets in corticoste-roid-induced osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 35:410-417.
42. Weinstein RS, Bell NH 1988 Diminished Rate of Bone Formation in Normal Black Adults. N Engl J Med 319:1689-1701.
43. Vedi S, Elkin SL, Compston JE 2005 A histomorphometric study of cortical bone of the iliac crest in patients treated with glucocorticoids. Calcif Tissue Int 77:79-83.
44. Curtis JR, Westfall AO, Allison JJ, Becker A, Casebeer L, Freeman A, Spettell CM, Weissman NW, Wilke S, Saag KG 2005 Longitudinal patterns in the prevention of osteoporosis in gluco-corticoid-treated patients. Arthrit Rheum. 52:2485-2494.
45. Adachi JD. Saag KG, Delmas PD, Liberman UA, Emkey RD, Seeman E, Lane NE, Kaufman JM, Poubelle PE, Hawkins F, Cor-rea-Rotter R, Menkes CJ, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Schnitzer TJ, Block JA. Wing J, Mcllwain HH, Westhovens R, Brown J, Melo-Gomes JA, Gruber BL, Yanover MJ, Leite MO, Siminoski KG, Nevitt MC, Sharp JT, Malice MP, Dumortier T, Czachur M, Caro-fano W, Daifotis A 2001 Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving glucocorticoids: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthritis Rheum 44:202-211.
46. Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broil J, Minne HW, Quan H, Bell NH, Rodriguez-Portales J, Downs RW, Dequeker J, Favus M 1995 Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. N Engl J Med 333:1437-1443.
47. Orwoll E. Ettinger M, Weiss S, Miller P, Kendler D, Graham J, Adami S, Weber K, Lorenc R, Pietschmann P, Vandormael K, Lombardi A 2000 Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med 343:604-610.
48. Rubin MA, Bilezikian JP 2002 The role of parathyroid hormone in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A reexamination of the evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4033-1041.
49. Pearce G, Tabensky DA, Delmas PD, Gordon Baker HW, Seeman E 1998 Corticosteroid-induced bone loss in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:801-806.
50. Hattersley AT, Meeran K, Burrin J, Hill P, Shiner R, Ibbertson HK 1994 The effect of long-and short-term corticosteroids on plasma calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels. Calcif Tissue Int 54:198-202.
51. Pas-Pacheco E, Fuleihan GEH, LeBoff MS 1995 Intact parathyroid hormone levels are not elevated in glucocorticoid-treated subjects. J Bone Miner Res 10:1713-1718.
52. Jacobs JW, de Nijs RN, Lems WF, Geusens PP, Laan RF, Huis-man AM, Algra A, Buskens E, Hofbauer LC, Oostveen AC, Bruyn GA, Dijkmans BA, Bijlsma JW 2007 Prevention of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis with alendronate or alfacalcidol: Relations of change in bone mineral density, bone markers, and calcium homeostasis. J Rheumatol 34:1051-1057.
53. Saag KG, Shane E, Boonen S, Martin F, Donley DW, Taylor KA, Dalsky GP, Marcus R 2007 Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 357:2028-2039.
54. Weinstein RS, Jia D, Powers CC, Stewart SA, Jilka RL, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC 2004 The skeletal effects of glucocorticoid excess override those of orchidectomy in mice. Endocrinology 145:1980-1987.
55. Ton FN, Gunawardene SC, Lee H, Neer RM 2005 Effects of low-dose prednisone on bone metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 20:464-470.
56. Rizzoni G, Ehrich JH, Broyer M, Brunner FP, Brynger H, Fassbinder W, Geerlings W, Selwood NH, Tufveson G, Wing AJ 1992 Successful pregnancies in woman on renal replacement therapy: Report from the EDTA registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant 7:279-287.
57. European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplantation Association IV 2002 Section 10: Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients. Guidelines. Nephrol Dial Transplant Suppl 4:50-55.
58. Tauchmanovä L, Pivonello R, Di Somma C, Rossi R, De Martino MC, Camera L, Klain M, Salvatore M, Lombardi G, Colao A 2006 Bone demineralization and vertebral fractures in endogenous Cortisol excess: Role of disease etiology and gonadal status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:1779-1784.
59. Canalis E, Bilezikian JP, Angeli A, Giustina A 2004 Perspectives on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bone 34:593-598.
60. Ohnaka K, Taniguchi H, Kawate H, Nawata H, Takayanagi R 2004 Glucocorticoid enhances the expression of dickkopf-1 in human osteoblasts: Novel mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318:259-264.
61. Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spels-berg TC, Khosla S 1999 Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: Potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 140:4382-4389.
62. Vidal NO, Brandstrom H, Jonsson KB, Ohlsson C 1998 Osteoprotegerin raRNA is expressed in primary human osteoblast-like cells: Down-regulation by glucocorticoids. J E3ndocrinol 159:191-195.
63. Calder JDF, Buttery L, Revell PA, Pearse M, Polak JM 2004 Apoptosis-a significant cause of bone cell death in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br 86:1209-1213.
64. Weinstein RS, Nicholas RW, Manolagas SC 2000 Apoptosis of osteocytes in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the hip. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:2907-2912.
65. Zizic TM, Marcoux C, Hungerford DS, Dansereau J-V, Stevens MB 1985 Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 79:596-604.
66. Felson DT, Anderson JJ 1987 Across-study evaluation of association between steroid dose and bolus steroids and avascular necrosis of bone. Lancet 1:902-905.
67. Weinstein RS 2007 Is long-term glucocorticoid therapy associated with a high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3:86-87.
68. Adachi JD, Saag KG, Delmas PD, Liberman UA, Emkey RD, Seeman E, Lane NE, Kaufman JM, Poubelle PE, Hawkins F, Cor-rea-Rotter R, Menkes CJ, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Schnitzer TJ, Block JA, Wing J, Mcllwain HH, Westhovens R, Brown J, Melo-Gomes JA, Gruber BL, Yanover MJ, Leite MO, Siminoski KG, Nevitt MC, Sharp JT, Malice MP, Dumortier T, Czachur M, Caro-fano W, Daifotis A 2001 Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving glucocorticoids: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthrit Rheum 44:202-211.
69. Reid DM, Hughes RA, Laan RF, Sacco-Gibson NA, Wenderoth DH, Adami S, Eusebio RA, Devogelaer JP 2000 Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in men and women: A randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res 15:1006-1013.
70. Boutsen Y, Jamart J, Esselinckx W, Stoffel M, Devogelaer JP 1997 Primary prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with intermittent intravenous Pamidronate: A randomized trial. Calcif Tissue Int 61:266-271.
71. Ringe JD, Dorst A, Faber H, Ibach K, Sorenson F 2003 Intermittent intravenous ibandronate injections reduce vertebral fracture risk in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: Results from a long-term comparative study. Osteoporos Int 14:801-807.
72. de Nijs RN, Jacobs JW, Lems WF, Laan RF, Algra A, Huisman AM, Buskens E, de Laet CE. Oostveen AC, Geusens PP, Bruyn GA, Dijkmans BA, Bijlsma JW 2006 Alendronate or alfacalcidol in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 355:675-684.
73. Cranney A, Welch V, Adachi J, Homik J, Shea B, Suarez-Almazor ME, Tugwell P, Wells G 2005 Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid induced osteoporosis (Review). Cochrane Library 1:1-31.
74. turnkey R, Delmas PD, Goemaere S, Liberman UA, Poubelle PE, Daifotis AG, Verbruggen N, Lombardi A, Czachur M 2003 Changes in bone mineral density following discontinuation or continuation of alendronate therapy in glucocorticoid-treated patients: A retrospective, observational study. Arthrit Rheum 48:1102-1108.
75. Jilka RL, Weinstein RS, Bellido T, Roberson P, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC 1999 Increased bone formation by prevention of osteoblast apoptosis with PTH. J Clin Invest 104:439-146.
76. Oxlund H, Ortoft G, Thomsen JS, Danielsen CC, Ejersted C, Andreassen TT 2006 The anabolic effect of PTH on bone is attenuated by simultaneous glucocorticoid treatment. Bone 39:244-252.
77. Donovan MA, Khandji AG, Siris E 2004 Multiple adjacent vertebral fractures after kyphoplasty in a patient with steroid-induced osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 19:712-713.