Determination of singlet exciton diffusion length in thin evaporated C 60 films for photovoltaics

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 3, Issue 17, 2012, Pages 2367-2373

  Fravventura, Maria C ^a   Hwang, Jaehyung ^b   Suijkerbuijk, John W A ^a   Erk, Peter ^b   Siebbeles, Laurens D A ^a   Savenije, Tom J ^a  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b BASF SE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BI-LAYER; BOUND ELECTRONS; CLOSE PROXIMITY; DIFFUSION LENGTH; ELECTRODELESS; ELECTRON ACCEPTOR; ELECTRON DONORS; ENERGY-TRANSFER RATE; EXCITON DIFFUSION; EXCITON DIFFUSION LENGTH; PHOTOCONDUCTANCE; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SINGLET EXCITONS; SMALL MOLECULES; TIME-RESOLVED; VARIABLE THICKNESS;

DIFFUSION; ENERGY TRANSFER; MOLECULES; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; ZINC;

EXCITONS;

EID: 84866000621     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jz300820n     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Ghosh, A. K.; Feng, T. Merocyanine Organic Solar-Cells J. Appl. Phys. 1978, 49, 5982-5989
2. Tang, C. W. 2-Layer Organic Photovoltaic Cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 183-185
3. Peumans, P.; Yakimov, A.; Forrest, S. R. Small Molecular Weight Organic Thin-Film Photodetectors and Solar Cells J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 3693-3723
4. 60 Photovoltaic Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 126-128
5. Xue, J. G.; Uchida, S.; Rand, B. P.; Forrest, S. R. Asymmetric Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Hybrid Planar-Mixed Molecular Heterojunctions Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 5757-5759
6. Maennig, B.; Drechsel, J.; Gebeyehu, D.; Simon, P.; Kozlowski, F.; Werner, A.; Li, F.; Grundmann, S.; Sonntag, S.; Koch, M. Organic p-i-n Solar Cells J. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. 2004, 79, 1-14
7. Riede, M.; Uhrich, C.; Timmreck, R.; Widmer, J.; Wynands, D.; Levichkova, M.; Furno, M.; Schwartz, G.; Gnehr, W.; Pfeiffer, M. Optimization of Organic Tandem Solar Cells Based on Small Molecules. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2010; pp 513-517.
8. Green, M. A.; Emery, K.; Hishikawa, Y.; Warta, W.; Dunlop, E. D. Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 38) Prog. Photovoltaics 2011, 19, 565-572
9. Kadish, K. M.; Smith, K. M.; Guilard, R. The Porphyrin Handbook; Academic Press: San Diego, 2000; Vol. 20.
10. Gregg, B. A.; Hanna, M. C. Comparing Organic to Inorganic Photovoltaic Cells: Theory, Experiment, and Simulation J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 3605-3614
11. 60 Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, 3120-3122
12. Forrest, S. R. The Limits to Organic Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency MRS Bull. 2005, 30, 28-32
13. Sun, Q.; Dai, L.; Zhou, X.; Li, L.; Li, Q. Bilayer- and Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Liquid Crystalline Porphyrins as Donors by Solution Processing Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91
14. Taima, T.; Sakai, J.; Yamanari, T.; Saito, K. Realization of Large Open-Circuit Photovoltage in Organic Thin-Film Solar Cells by Controlling Measurement Environment Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2 2006, 45, L995-L997
15. 60 Based Heterojunctions Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86
16. Pettersson, L. A. A.; Roman, L. S.; Inganas, O. Modeling Photocurrent Action Spectra of Photovoltaic Devices Based on Organic Thin Films J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 86, 487-496
17. 60 Appl. Opt. 2008, 47, C251-C256
18. 60 J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 11-12
19. 60 and Zn-Phthalocyanine with a Layered Nanostructure Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108
20. Dehaas, M. P.; Warman, J. M. Photon-Induced Molecular Charge Separation Studied by Nanosecond Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity Chem. Phys. 1982, 73, 35-53
21. 2 Bilayers J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 7696-7705
22. xO/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Bilayers for Photovoltaic Applications Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 3849-3857
23. Ferguson, A. J.; Kopidakis, N.; Shaheen, S. E.; Rumbles, G. Quenching of Excitons by Holes in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 9865
24. Senthilarasu, S.; Hahn, Y. B.; Lee, S. H. Nano Structure Formation in Vacuum Evaporated Zinc-Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) Thin Films J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 2008, 19, 482-486
25. Kobayashi, T.; Fujiyoshi, Y.; Iwatsu, F.; Uyeda, N. High-Resolution TEM Images of Zinc-Phthalocyanine Polymorphs in Thin-Films Acta Crystallogr. A 1981, 37, 692-697
26. Debe, M. K.; Kam, K. K. Effect of Gravity on Copper Phthalocyanine Thin-Films. Spectroscopic Evidence for a New Oriented Thin-Film Polymorph of Copper Phthalocyanine Grown in a Microgravity Environment Thin Solid Films 1990, 186, 289-325
27. Bruder, I.; Schoneboom, J.; Dinnebier, R.; Ojala, A.; Schafer, S.; Sens, R.; Erk, P.; Weis, J. What Determines the Performance of Metal Phthalocyanines (MPc, M = Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe) in Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells? A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation Org. Electron. 2010, 11, 377-387
28. Della Pirriera, M.; Puigdollers, J.; Voz, C.; Stella, M.; Bertomeu, J.; Alcubilla, R. Optoelectronic Properties of CuPc Thin Films Deposited at Different Substrate Temperatures J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2009, 42
29. Schunemann, C.; Elschner, C.; Levin, A. A.; Levichkova, M.; Leo, K.; Riede, M. Zinc Phthalocyanine-Influence of Substrate Temperature, Film Thickness, and Kind of Substrate on the Morphology Thin Solid Films 2011, 519, 3939-3945
30. 60-A New Form of Carbon Nature 1990, 347, 354-358
31. 60 Chem. Phys. 1992, 160, 451-466
32. 60 Crystals at High Pressure J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 1998, 86, 177-181
33. 60 Thin Films Solid State Commun. 1996, 98, 853-858
34. 60 J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 97, 6496-6503
35. Coffey, D. C.; Ferguson, A. J.; Kopidakis, N.; Rumbles, G. Photovoltaic Charge Generation in Organic Semiconductors Based on Long-Range Energy Transfer ACS Nano 2010, 4, 5437-5445
36. 2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nonequilibrium Steady-State Statistics and Interfacial Electron Transfer via Surface States J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8774-8782
37. Haque, S. A.; Tachibana, Y.; Willis, R. L.; Moser, J. E.; Gratzel, M.; Klug, D. R.; Durrant, J. R. Parameters Influencing Charge Recombination Kinetics in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide Films J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 538-547
38. May, V.; Kühn, O. Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems, 3 rd ed.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2011.
39. Schouten, P. G.; Warman, J. M.; Dehaas, M. P.; Vannostrum, C. F.; Gelinck, G. H.; Nolte, R. J. M.; Copyn, M. J.; Zwikker, J. W.; Engel, M. K.; Hanack, M. The Effect of Structural Modifications on Charge Migration in Mesomorphic Phthalocyanines J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6880-6894
40. Priebe, G.; Pietzak, B.; Konenkamp, R. Determination of Transport Parameters in Fullerene Films Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 2160-2162
41. Maennig, B.; Pfeiffer, M.; Nollau, A.; Zhou, X.; Leo, K.; Simon, P. Controlled p-type Doping of Polycrystalline and Amorphous Organic Layers: Self-Consistent Description of Conductivity and Field-Effect Mobility by a Microscopic Percolation Model Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 195208
42. Infelta, P. P.; Haas, M. P. D.; Warman, J. M. Study of Transient Conductivity of Pulse Irradiated Dielectric Liquids on a Nanosecond Timescale Using Microwaves Radiat. Phys. Chem. 1977, 10, 353-365
43. 2 Films Z. Phys. Chem. 1999, 212, 201-206