Severe acute respiratory infections in the postpandemic era of H1N1

Current Opinion in Critical Care

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 441-450

  Poulakou, Garyphallia ^a,b   Pérez, Marcos ^a,c,d,e   Rello, Jordi ^a,c,d,e  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Corticosteroids; Influenza; Pandemic; Pneumonia epidemiology; Severity of illness index

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID;

2009 H1N1 INFLUENZA; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; AVIAN INFLUENZA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H1N1; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MIXED INFECTION; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PANDEMIC; PROGNOSIS; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFLUENZA A VIRUS, H1N1 SUBTYPE; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; PROGNOSIS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, ADULT; RISK; SARS VIRUS; SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TIME FACTORS; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 84865995593     PISSN: 10705295     EISSN: 15317072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e32835605f2     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2605-2615.
2. Anonymous. Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health-care workers: Toronto, Canada, April 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52:433-436.
3. Peiris JS, Yu WC, Leung CW, et al. Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease. Lancet 2004; 363:617-619. (Pubitemid 38264181)
4. Edner N, Castillo-Rodas P, Falk L, et al. Life-threatening respiratory tract disease with human bocavirus-1 infection in a 4-year-old child. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:531-532.
5. Kristoffersen AW, Nordbo SA, Rognlien AG, et al. Coronavirus causes lower respiratory tract infections less frequently than RSV in hospitalized Norwegian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:279-283.
6. Venter M, Lassauniere R, Kresfelder TL, et al. Contribution of common and recently described respiratory viruses to annual hospitalizations in children in South Africa. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1458-1468.
7. Christensen A, Nordbo SA, Krokstad S, et al. Human bocavirus in children: mono-detection, high viral load and viraemia are associated with respiratory tract infection. J Clin Virol 2010; 49:158-162.
8. Arnott A, Vong S, Rith S, et al. Human bocavirus amongst an all-ages population hospitalised with acute lower respiratory infections in Cambodia. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00369.x. [Epub ahead of print]
9. Ursic T, Steyer A, Kopriva S, et al. Human bocavirus as the cause of a lifethreatening infection. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:1179-1181.
10. Sung JY, Lee HJ, Eun BW, et al. Role of human coronavirus NL63 in hospitalized children with croup. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:822-826.
11. Gaunt ER, Harvala H, McIntyre C, et al. Disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (DALY) model. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:215-221.
12. Bhat N, Wright JG, Broder KR, et al. Influenza-associated deaths among children in the United States 2003-2004. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:2559-2567. (Pubitemid 41785893)
13. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS. Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:962-970.
14. Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM, et al. Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April-June 2009. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1935-1944.
15. Jain S, Benoit SR, Skarbinski J, et al. Influenza-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus: United States, 2009. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:1221-1229.
16. Martin-Loeches I, Sanchez-Corral A, Diaz E, et al. Community-acquired respiratory coinfection in critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus. Chest 2011; 139:555-562.
17. Maravi-Poma E, Martin-Loeches I, Regidor E, et al. Severe 2009 A/ H1N1v influenza in pregnant women in Spain. Crit Care Med 2011; 39: 945-951.
18. Martin-Loeches I, Diaz E, Vidaur L, et al. Pandemic and postpandemic Influenza A (H1N1) infection in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2011; 15:R286.
19. Palacios G, Hornig M, Cisterna D, et al. Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection is correlated with the severity of H1N1 pandemic influenza. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8540.
20. Anonymous. Bacterial coinfections in lung tissue specimens from fatal cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): United States, May-August 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009; 58:1071-1074.
21. Viasus D, Pano-Pardo JR, Pachon J, et al. Pneumonia complicating pandemic (H1N1)2009: risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2011; 90:328-336.
22. Dhanoa A, Fang NC, Hassan SS, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections: the effects of bacterial coinfection. Virol J 2011; 8:501.
23. Koon K, Sanders CM, Green J, et al. Co-detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and other respiratory pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:1976-1978.
24. Cuquemelle E, Soulis F, Villers D, et al. Can procalcitonin help identify associated bacterial infection in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A multicentre study. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:796-800.
25. Kumar A, Zarychanski R, Pinto R, et al. Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 2009; 302:1872-1879.
26. Reyes S, Montull B, Martinez R, et al. Risk factors of A/H1N1 etiology in pneumonia and its impact on mortality. Respir Med 2011; 105:1404-1411.
27. Hayashi Y, Vaska VL, Baba H, et al. Influenza-associated Bacterial Pathogens in Patients with 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Infection: impact of Community-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Queensland, Australia. Intern Med J 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02602.x. [Epub ahead of print]
28. Murray RJ, Robinson JO, White JN, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia due to pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenzavirus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8705.
29. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, et al. Prevalence of methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus as an etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:1126-1133.
30. Tasher D, Stein M, Simoes EA, et al. Invasive bacterial infections in relation to influenza outbreaks, 2006-2010. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:1199-1207.
31. Zakikhany K, Degail MA, Lamagni T, et al. Increase in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in England, December 2010 to January 2011. Euro Surveill 2011; 16. pii: 19785.
32. Ampofo K, Herbener A, Blaschke AJ, et al. Association of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection and increased hospitalization with parapneumonic empyema in children in Utah. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010; 29:905-909.
33. Rodriguez A, Martin-Loeches I, Bonastre J, et al. First influenza season after the 2009 pandemic influenza: report of the first 300 ICU admissions in Spain. Med Intensiva 2011; 35:208-216.
34. Poulakou G, Souto J, Balcells J, et al. First influenza season after the 2009 pandemic influenza: characteristics of intensive care unit admissions in adults and children in Vall d'Hebron Hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:374-380.
35. Merler S, Poletti P, Ajelli M, et al. Coinfection can trigger multiple pandemic waves. J Theor Biol 2008; 254:499-507.
36. Casalegno JS, Ottmann M, Duchamp MB, et al. Rhinoviruses delayed the circulation of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:326-329.
37. Casalegno JS, Ottmann M, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, et al. Impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic wave on the pattern of hibernal respiratory virus epidemics, France, 2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15. pii: 19485.
38. Belongia EA, Irving SA, Waring SC, et al. Clinical characteristics and 30-day outcomes for influenza A 2009 (H1N1), 2008-2009 (H1N1), and 2007-2008 (H3N2) infections. JAMA 2010; 304:1091-1098.
39. Devaux I, Kreidl P, Penttinen P, et al. Initial surveillance of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the European Union and European Economic Area, April-September 2009. Euro Surveill 2010; 15. pii: 19740.
40. Webb SA, Pettila V, Seppelt I, et al. Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1925-1934.
41. Diaz E, Rodriguez A, Martin-Loeches I, et al. Impact of obesity in patients infected with 2009 influenza A(H1N1). Chest 2011; 139:382-386.
42. Borgatta B, Pérez M, Vidaur L, et al. Elevation of creatine kinase is associated with worse outcomes in 2009 pH1N1 influenza A infection. Intensive Care Med 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
43. Cui W, Zhao H, Lu X, et al. Factors associated with death in hospitalized pneumonia patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Shenyang, China. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 10:145.
44. Balanzat AM, Hertlein C, Apezteguia C, et al. An analysis of 332 fatalities infected with pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33670.
45. Van Kerkhove MD, Mounts AW, Mall S, et al. Epidemiologic and virologic assessment of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on selected temperate countries in the Southern Hemisphere: Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2011; 5:e487-e498.
46. Gilca R, De Serres G, Boulianne N, et al. Risk factors for hospitalization and severe outcomes of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in Quebec, Canada. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2011; 5:247-255.
47. González-Candelas F, Astray J, Alonso J, et al. Sociodemographic factors and clinical conditions associated to hospitalization in influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infected patients in Spain, 2009-2010. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33139.
48. Delgado-Rodríguez M, Castilla J, Godoy P, et al. Prognosis of hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Spain: influence of neuraminidase inhibitors. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:1739-1745.
49. Riquelme R, Riquelme M, Rioseco ML, et al. Characteristics of hospitalised patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in Chile. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:864-869.
50. Bewick T, Myles P, Greenwood S, et al. Clinical and laboratory features distinguishing pandemic H1N1 influenza-related pneumonia from interpandemic community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax 2011; 66:247-252.
51. Martin-Loeches I, Papiol E, Rodriguez A, et al. Acute kidney injury in critical ill patients affected by influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Crit Care 2011; 15:R66.
52. Christ-Crain M, Opal SM. Clinical review: the role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care 2010; 14:203.
53. Ingram PR, Inglis T, Moxon D, Speers D. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in severe 2009 H1N1 influenza infection. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36:528-532.
54. Piacentini E, Sanchez B, Arauzo V, et al. Procalcitonin levels are lower in intensive care unit patients with H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia than in those with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. A pilot study. J Crit Care 2011; 26:201-205.
55. Guervilly C, Coisel Y, Botelho-Nevers E, et al. Significance of high levels of procalcitonin in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. J Infect 2010; 61:355-358.
56. Riquelme R, Jimenez P, Videla AJ, et al. Predicting mortality in hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza pneumonia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:542-546.
57. Goodacre S, Challen K, Wilson R, Campbell M. Evaluation of triage methods used to select patients with suspected pandemic influenza for hospital admission: cohort study. Health Technol Assess 2010; 14:173-236.
58. Challen K, Goodacre SW, Wilson R, et al. Evaluation of triage methods used to select patients with suspected pandemic influenza for hospital admission. Emerg Med J 2012; 29:383-388.
59. Myles PR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Lim WS, et al. Comparison of CATs, CURB-65 and PMEWS as triage tools in pandemic influenza admissions to UK hospitals: case control analysis using retrospective data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34428.
60. Capelastegui A, Quintana JM, Bilbao A, et al. Score to identify the severity of adult patients with influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection at hospital admission. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
61. Pereira JM, Moreno RP, Matos R, et al. Severity assessment tools in ICU patients with 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03736.x. [Epub ahead of print]
62. Commons RJ, Denholm J. Triaging pandemic flu: pneumonia severity scores are not the answer. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:670-673.
63. Miller AC, Subramanian RA, Safi F, et al. Influenza A 2009 (H1N1) virus in admitted and critically ill patients. J Intensive Care Med 2011; 27:25-31.
64. Brandão-Neto RA, Goulart AC, Santana AN, et al. The role of pneumonia scores in the emergency room in patients infected by 2009 H1N1 infection. Eur J Emerg Med 2011; 19:200-202.
65. Brandão-Neto RA, Goulart AC, Santana AN, et al. Assessment scores in H1N1 infection. Crit Care 2011; 15:458.
66. Adeniji KA, Cusack R. The Simple Triage Scoring System (STSS) successfully predicts mortality and critical care resource utilization in H1N1 pandemic flu: a retrospective analysis. Crit Care 2011; 15:R39.
67. Shahpori R, Stelfox HT, Doig CJ, et al. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment in H1N1 pandemic planning. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:827-832.
68. Hammond NE, Corley A, Fraser JF. The utility of procalcitonin in diagnosis of H1N1 influenza in intensive care patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39:238-241.
69. von Baum H, Schweiger B, Welte T, et al. How deadly is seasonal influenzaassociated pneumonia? The German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2011; 37:1151-1157.
70. Bertolini G, Rossi C, Crespi D, et al. Is influenza A(H1N1) pneumonia more severe than other community-acquired pneumonias? Results of the GiViTI survey of 155 Italian ICUs. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:1746-1755.
71. Masclans JR, Perez M, Almirall J, et al. Early noninvasive ventilation treatment for severe influenza pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03797.x. [Epub ahead of print]
72. Rello J, Perez M, Roca O, et al. High flow nasal therapy in adults with severe acute respiratory infection. A cohort study in 2009 influenza A/H1N1 v patients. J Crit Care 2012 (in press). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.04. 006.
73. Martin-Loeches I, Lisboa T, Rhodes A, et al. Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:272-283.
74. Diaz E, Martin-Loeches I, Canadell L, et al. Corticosteroid therapy in patients with primary viral pneumonia due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. J Infect 2012; 64:311-318.
75. Viasus D, Pano-Pardo JR, Cordero E, et al. Effect of immunomodulatory therapies in patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 complicated by pneumonia. J Infect 2011; 62:193-199.
76. Brun-Buisson C, Richard JC, Mercat A, et al. Early corticosteroids in severe influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1200-1206.
77. Kim SH, Hong SB, Yun SC, et al. Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection: analytic strategy using propensity scores. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1207-1214.
78. Matthay MA, Liu KD. Con: corticosteroids are not indicated for treatment of acute lung injury from H1N1 viral pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1127-1128.
79. Annane D. Pro: the illegitimate crusade against corticosteroids for severe H1N1 pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1125-1126.
80. Han K, Ma H, An X, et al. Early use of glucocorticoids was a risk factor for critical disease and death from pH1N1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53:326-333.
81. Papillard-Marechal S, Enouf V, Schnuriger A, et al. Monitoring epidemic viral respiratory infections using one-step real-time triplex RT-PCR targeting influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. J Med Virol 2011; 83:695-701.
82. Johansson N, Kalin M, Tiveljung-Lindell A, et al. Etiology of communityacquired pneumonia: increased microbiological yield with new diagnostic methods. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:202-209.
83. Huguenin A, Moutte L, Renois F, et al. Broad respiratory virus detection in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by use of a multiplex RT-PCR DNA microarray system. J Med Virol 2012; 84:979-985.
84. Chen KF, Rothman RE, Ramachandran P, et al. Rapid identification viruses from nasal pharyngeal aspirates in acute viral respiratory infections by RTPCR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:60-66.