메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 1221-1231

Basic vapor exposure for tuning the charge state distribution of proteins in negative electrospray ionization: Elucidation of mechanisms by fluorescence spectroscopy

Author keywords

Charge state distributions; Electrospray ionization; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Mechanisms; PH; Protein

Indexed keywords

AGILENT; AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES; CHARGE STATE DISTRIBUTION; DROPLET EVAPORATION; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROSPRAY PLUME; INITIAL SOLUTION; ION INTENSITIES; JET STREAMS; LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; MASS SPECTRA; OPTICAL SET-UP; PROTEIN CHARGE; SANTA CLARA; SHEATH GAS; SOLUTION CONDITIONS; SOURCE GEOMETRY; SPRAY CURRENT;

EID: 84865859254     PISSN: 10440305     EISSN: 18791123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0375-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0024438708 scopus 로고
    • Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules
    • Fenn, J.B., Mann, M., Meng, C.K., Wong, S.F., Whitehouse, C.M.: Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Science 246, 64 (1989)
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 64
    • Fenn, J.B.1    Mann, M.2    Meng, C.K.3    Wong, S.F.4    Whitehouse, C.M.5
  • 2
    • 4243889151 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting mass spectra of multiply charged ions
    • Mann, M., Meng, C.K., Fenn, J.B.: Interpreting mass spectra of multiply charged ions. Anal. Chem. 61, 1702-1708 (1989)
    • (1989) Anal. Chem. , vol.61 , pp. 1702-1708
    • Mann, M.1    Meng, C.K.2    Fenn, J.B.3
  • 3
    • 0025674590 scopus 로고
    • Probing conformational changes in proteins by mass spectrometry
    • Chowdhury, S.K., Katta, V., Chait, B.T.: Probing conformational changes in proteins by mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 9012-9013 (1990)
    • (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 9012-9013
    • Chowdhury, S.K.1    Katta, V.2    Chait, B.T.3
  • 4
    • 0031918412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium unfolding of proteins monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Distinguishing two-state from multi-state transitions
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19980430)12:8<435::AID-RCM181>3.0.CO;2- F
    • Konermann, L., Douglas, D.J.: Equilibrium unfolding of proteins monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Distinguishing two-state from multi-state transitions. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 435-442 (1998) (Pubitemid 28181283)
    • (1998) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.12 , Issue.8 , pp. 435-442
    • Konermann, L.1    Douglas, D.J.2
  • 5
    • 84994982849 scopus 로고
    • Disparity between solution phase equilibria and charge state distributions in positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry
    • Wang, G., Cole, R.B.: Disparity between solution phase equilibria and charge state distributions in positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Org. Mass Spectrom. 29, 419-427 (1994)
    • (1994) Org. Mass Spectrom. , vol.29 , pp. 419-427
    • Wang, G.1    Cole, R.B.2
  • 6
    • 84989126627 scopus 로고
    • Electrospray mass spectra of protein cations formed in basic solutions
    • Le Blanc, J.C.Y., Wang, J., Guevremont, R., Siu, K.W.M.: Electrospray mass spectra of protein cations formed in basic solutions. Org. Mass Spectrom. 29, 587-593 (1994)
    • (1994) Org. Mass Spectrom. , vol.29 , pp. 587-593
    • Le Blanc, J.C.Y.1    Wang, J.2    Guevremont, R.3    Siu, K.W.M.4
  • 8
    • 0034487655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of solvent on the maximum charge state and charge state distribution of protein ions produced by electrospray ionization
    • DOI 10.1016/S1044-0305(00)00169-0, PII S1044030500001690
    • Iavarone, A.T., Jurchen, J.C., Williams, E.R.: Effects of solvent on the maximum charge state and charge state distribution of protein ions produced by electrospray ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 11, 976-985 (2000) (Pubitemid 34546668)
    • (2000) Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 976-985
    • Iavarone, A.T.1    Jurchen, J.C.2    Williams, E.R.3
  • 9
    • 0004493005 scopus 로고
    • On the maximum charge state and proton transfer reactivity of peptide and protein ions formed by electrospray ionization
    • Schnier, P.D., Gross, D.S., Williams, E.R.: On the maximum charge state and proton transfer reactivity of peptide and protein ions formed by electrospray ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 6, 1086-1097 (1995)
    • (1995) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.6 , pp. 1086-1097
    • Schnier, P.D.1    Gross, D.S.2    Williams, E.R.3
  • 10
    • 0027971545 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anions on the positive-ion electrosprayionization mass-spectra of peptides and proteins
    • Mirza, U., Chait, B.: Effects of anions on the positive-ion electrosprayionization mass-spectra of peptides and proteins. Anal. Chem. 66, 2898 (1994)
    • (1994) Anal. Chem. , vol.66 , pp. 2898
    • Mirza, U.1    Chait, B.2
  • 11
    • 34548127562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionization and Transmission Efficiency in an Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Interface
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.05.018, PII S1044030507004357
    • Page, J., Kelly, R., Tang, K., Smith, R.: Ionization and transmission efficiency in an electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry interface. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 18, 1582-1590 (2007) (Pubitemid 47302317)
    • (2007) Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 1582-1590
    • Page, J.S.1    Kelly, R.T.2    Tang, K.3    Smith, R.D.4
  • 12
    • 0029739229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton transfer reactivity of large multiply charged ions
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199608)31:8<831::AID-JMS392>3.0.CO;2-7
    • Williams, E.R.: Proton transfer reactivity of large multiply charged ions. J. Mass Spectrom. 31, 831-842 (1996) (Pubitemid 26258960)
    • (1996) Journal of Mass Spectrometry , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 831-842
    • Williams, E.R.1
  • 13
    • 0037466992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of charging and supercharging molecules in electrospray ionization
    • DOI 10.1021/ja021202t
    • Iavarone, A.T., Williams, E.R.: Mechanism of charging and supercharging molecules in electrospray ionization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 2319-2327 (2003) (Pubitemid 36245725)
    • (2003) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.125 , Issue.8 , pp. 2319-2327
    • Iavarone, A.T.1    Williams, E.R.2
  • 14
    • 0036315870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Top down' protein characterization via tandem mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1002/jms.346
    • Reid, G.E., McLuckey, S.A.: Top down protein characterization via tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 37, 663-675 (2002) (Pubitemid 34830804)
    • (2002) Journal of Mass Spectrometry , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 663-675
    • Reid, G.E.1    McLuckey, S.A.2
  • 15
    • 80052530606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top down mass spectrometry: Recent developments, applications, and perspectives
    • Cui, W., Rohrs, H.W., Gross, M.L.: Top down mass spectrometry: Recent developments, applications, and perspectives. Analyst 136, 3854-3864 (2011)
    • (2011) Analyst , vol.136 , pp. 3854-3864
    • Cui, W.1    Rohrs, H.W.2    Gross, M.L.3
  • 16
    • 50849124752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion-ion reactions with fixed-charge modified proteins to produce ions in a single, very high charge state
    • Frey, B.L., Krusemark, C.J., Ledvina, A.R., Coon, J.J., Belshaw, P.J., Smith, L.M.: Ion-ion reactions with fixed-charge modified proteins to produce ions in a single, very high charge state. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 276, 136 (2008)
    • (2008) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.276 , pp. 136
    • Frey, B.L.1    Krusemark, C.J.2    Ledvina, A.R.3    Coon, J.J.4    Belshaw, P.J.5    Smith, L.M.6
  • 17
    • 0035298817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supercharged protein and peptide ions formed by electrospray ionization
    • DOI 10.1021/ac001251t
    • Iavarone, A.T., Jurchen, J.C., Williams, E.R.: Supercharged protein and peptide ions formed by electrospray ionization. Anal. Chem. 73, 1455-1460 (2001) (Pubitemid 32896200)
    • (2001) Analytical Chemistry , vol.73 , Issue.7 , pp. 1455-1460
    • Iavarone, A.T.1    Jurchen, J.C.2    Williams, E.R.3
  • 18
    • 0036685551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supercharging in electrospray ionization: Effects on signal and charge
    • Iavarone, A.T., Williams, E.R.: Supercharging in electrospray ionization: effects on signal and charge. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 219, 63-72 (2002)
    • (2002) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.219 , pp. 63-72
    • Iavarone, A.T.1    Williams, E.R.2
  • 19
    • 62149129695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing charge while preserving noncovalent protein complexes for esi-ms
    • Lomeli, S., Yin, S., Ogorzalek Loo, R., Loo, J.: Increasing charge while preserving noncovalent protein complexes for ESI-MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 20, 593-596 (2009)
    • (2009) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.20 , pp. 593-596
    • Lomeli, S.1    Yin, S.2    Ogorzalek Loo, R.3    Loo, J.4
  • 20
    • 73449084419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New reagents for increasing esi multiple charging of proteins and protein complexes
    • Lomeli, S., Peng, I., Yin, S., Ogorzalek Loo, R., Loo, J.: New reagents for increasing ESI multiple charging of proteins and protein complexes. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 21, 127-131 (2010)
    • (2010) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.21 , pp. 127-131
    • Lomeli, S.1    Peng, I.2    Yin, S.3    Ogorzalek Loo, R.4    Loo, J.5
  • 21
    • 80054757861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge as you like! Efficient manipulation of negative ion net charge in electrospray ionization of proteins and nucleic acids
    • Ganisl, B., Taucher, M., Riml, C., Breuker, K.: Charge as you like! Efficient manipulation of negative ion net charge in electrospray ionization of proteins and nucleic acids. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 17, 333 (2011)
    • (2011) Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.17 , Issue.333
    • Ganisl, B.1    Taucher, M.2    Riml, C.3    Breuker, K.4
  • 22
    • 14744298417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifts in protein charge state distributions with varying redox reagents in nanoelectrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.12.003, PII S1044030504008207
    • Zhao, C., Wood, T., Bruckenstein, S.: Shifts in protein charge state distributions with varying redox reagents in nanoelectrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 16, 409-416 (2005) (Pubitemid 40331919)
    • (2005) Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 409-416
    • Zhao, C.1    Wood, T.D.2    Bruckenstein, S.3
  • 24
    • 0029759830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion/ion reactions in the gas phase: Proton transfer reactions involving multiply-charged proteins
    • DOI 10.1021/ja9611755
    • Stephenson, J.L., McLuckey, S.A.: Ion/ion reactions in the gas phase: tranfer Proton transfer reactions involving multiply-charged proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 7390-7397 (1996) (Pubitemid 26270627)
    • (1996) Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol.118 , Issue.31 , pp. 7390-7397
    • Stephenson Jr., J.L.1    McLuckey, S.A.2
  • 28
    • 33646584508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extractive electrospray ionization for direct analysis of undiluted urine, milk and other complex mixtures without sample preparation
    • DOI 10.1039/b602614a
    • Chen, H., Venter, A., Cooks, R.G. Extractive electrospray ionization for direct analysis of undiluted urine, milk, and other complex mixtures without sample preparation. Chem. Commun. 2042-2044 (2006) (Pubitemid 43725994)
    • (2006) Chemical Communications , Issue.19 , pp. 2042-2044
    • Chen, H.1    Venter, A.2    Cooks, R.G.3
  • 29
    • 79952159609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of protein charge states through continuous flowextractive desorption electrospray ionization: A new ambient ionization technique
    • Yang, S.H., Wijeratne, A.B., Li, L., Edwards, B.L., Schug, K.A.: Manipulation of protein charge states through continuous flowextractive desorption electrospray ionization: A new ambient ionization technique. Anal. Chem. 83, 643-647 (2010)
    • (2010) Anal. Chem. , vol.83 , pp. 643-647
    • Yang, S.H.1    Wijeratne, A.B.2    Li, L.3    Edwards, B.L.4    Schug, K.A.5
  • 30
    • 82555168063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling charge states of peptides through inductive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • Peng, Y., Zhang, S., Gong, X., Ma, X., Yang, C., Zhang, X.: Controlling charge states of peptides through inductive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 83, 8863-8866 (2011)
    • (2011) Anal. Chem. , vol.83 , pp. 8863-8866
    • Peng, Y.1    Zhang, S.2    Gong, X.3    Ma, X.4    Yang, C.5    Zhang, X.6
  • 31
    • 41849105800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas-phase proton-transfer chemistry coupled with TOF mass spectrometry and ion mobility-MS for the facile analysis of poly(ethylene glycols) and PEGylated polypeptide conjugates
    • DOI 10.1021/ac7020163
    • Bagal, D., Zhang, H., Schnier, P.D.: Gas-phase proton-Transfer chemistry coupled with TOF mass spectrometry and ion mobility-MS for the facile analysis of poly(ethylene glycols) and PEGylated polypeptide conjugates. Anal. Chem. 80, 2408-2418 (2008) (Pubitemid 351499822)
    • (2008) Analytical Chemistry , vol.80 , Issue.7 , pp. 2408-2418
    • Bagal, D.1    Zhang, H.2    Schnier, P.D.3
  • 32
    • 84856144689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapor treatment of electrospray droplets: Evidence for the folding of initially denatured proteins on the sub-millisecond time-scale
    • Kharlamova, A., DeMuth, J., McLuckey, S.: Vapor treatment of electrospray droplets: Evidence for the folding of initially denatured proteins on the sub-millisecond time-scale. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 23, 88-101 (2012)
    • (2012) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.23 , pp. 88-101
    • Kharlamova, A.1    DeMuth, J.2    McLuckey, S.3
  • 33
    • 77956253029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrospray droplet exposure to gaseous acids for the manipulation of protein charge state distributions
    • Kharlamova, A., Prentice, B.M., Huang, T.Y., McLuckey, S.A.: Electrospray droplet exposure to gaseous acids for the manipulation of protein charge state distributions. Anal. Chem. 82, 7422-7429 (2010)
    • (2010) Anal. Chem. , vol.82 , pp. 7422-7429
    • Kharlamova, A.1    Prentice, B.M.2    Huang, T.Y.3    McLuckey, S.A.4
  • 34
    • 78650776668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative electrospray droplet exposure to gaseous bases for the manipulation of protein charge state distributions
    • Kharlamova, A., McLuckey, S.A.: Negative electrospray droplet exposure to gaseous bases for the manipulation of protein charge state distributions. Anal. Chem. 83, 431-437 (2011)
    • (2011) Anal. Chem. , vol.83 , pp. 431-437
    • Kharlamova, A.1    McLuckey, S.A.2
  • 35
    • 0036788506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling ph changes in the electrospray plume
    • Zhou, S., Prebyl, B.S., Cook, K.D.: Profiling pH changes in the electrospray plume. Anal. Chem. 74, 4885 (2002)
    • (2002) Anal. Chem. , vol.74 , pp. 4885
    • Zhou, S.1    Prebyl, B.S.2    Cook, K.D.3
  • 36
    • 0033557548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the electrospray plume by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
    • Zhou, S., Edwards, A.G., Cook, K.D., Van Berkel, G.J.: Investigation of the electrospray plume by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 71, 769 (1999)
    • (1999) Anal. Chem. , vol.71 , pp. 769
    • Zhou, S.1    Edwards, A.G.2    Cook, K.D.3    Van Berkel, G.J.4
  • 37
    • 76749162856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the solvent polarity in an electrospray plume
    • Wang, R., Zenobi, R.: Evolution of the solvent polarity in an electrospray plume. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 21, 378 (2010)
    • (2010) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.21 , pp. 378
    • Wang, R.1    Zenobi, R.2
  • 38
    • 84860392831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between charge state distributions of peptide anions and ph changes in the electrospray plume. A mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy investigation
    • Girod, M., Dagany, X., Antoine, R., Dugourd, P.: Relation between charge state distributions of peptide anions and pH changes in the electrospray plume. A mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy investigation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 308, 41-48 (2011)
    • (2011) Int. J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.308 , pp. 41-48
    • Girod, M.1    Dagany, X.2    Antoine, R.3    Dugourd, P.4
  • 39
    • 84858646967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling an electrospray plume by laser-induced fluorescence and fraunhofer diffraction combined to mass spectrometry: Influence of size and composition of droplets on charge-state distributions of electro-sprayed proteins
    • doi:10.1039/ C1032CP23341J
    • Girod, M., Dagany, X., Boutou, V., Broyer, M., Antoine, R., Dugourd, P., Mordehai, A., Love, C., Werlich, M., Fjeldsted, J., Stafford, G.: Profiling an electrospray plume by laser-induced fluorescence and Fraunhofer diffraction combined to mass spectrometry: Influence of size and composition of droplets on charge-state distributions of electro-sprayed proteins. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (2012). doi:10.1039/ C1032CP23341J
    • (2012) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
    • Girod, M.1    Dagany, X.2    Boutou, V.3    Broyer, M.4    Antoine, R.5    Dugourd, P.6    Mordehai, A.7    Love, C.8    Werlich, M.9    Fjeldsted, J.10    Stafford, G.11
  • 40
    • 0025877963 scopus 로고
    • Spectral and photophysical studies of benzo[c]xanthene dyes: Dual emission ph sensors
    • 330 Fraunhofer diffraction 344
    • Whitaker, J.E., Hauglan, R.P., Prendergast, F.G.: Spectral and photophysical studies of benzo[c]xanthene dyes: Dual emission pH sensors. Anal. Biochem. 194, 330 Fraunhofer diffraction 344 (1991)
    • (1991) Anal. Biochem. , vol.194
    • Whitaker, J.E.1    Hauglan, R.P.2    Prendergast, F.G.3
  • 41
    • 34547779887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the electrochemistry of the electrospray ion source
    • Van Berkel, G.J., Kertesz, V.: Using the electrochemistry of the electrospray ion source. Anal. Chem. 79, 5510 (2007)
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 5510
    • Van Berkel, G.J.1    Kertesz, V.2
  • 42
    • 0002884477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in bulk solution pH caused by the inherent controlled-current electrolytic process of an electrospray ion source
    • PII S016811769604476X
    • Van Berkel, G.J., Zhou, F., Aronson, J.T.: Changes in bulk solution pH caused by the inherent controlled-current electrolytic process of an electrospray ion source. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 162, 55-67 (1997) (Pubitemid 127736986)
    • (1997) International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes , vol.162 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 55-67
    • Van Berkel, G.J.1    Zhou, F.2    Aronson, J.T.3
  • 43
    • 3142714301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical and theoretical aspects of electrospray ionization
    • Rohner, T.C., Lion, N., Girault, H.H.: Electrochemical and theoretical aspects of electrospray ionization. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 3056 (2004)
    • (2004) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.6 , pp. 3056
    • Rohner, T.C.1    Lion, N.2    Girault, H.H.3
  • 44
    • 85007707264 scopus 로고
    • Parametric studies of electrohydrodynamic spraying
    • Pfeifer, R.J., Hendrick, C.D.: Parametric studies of electrohydrodynamic spraying. AIAA J. 6, 496 (1968)
    • (1968) AIAA J , vol.6 , pp. 496
    • Pfeifer, R.J.1    Hendrick, C.D.2
  • 45
    • 0000648747 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of the electrospray interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Ikonomou, M.G., Blades, A.T., Kebarle, P.: Investigations of the electrospray interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 62, 957-967 (1990)
    • (1990) Anal. Chem. , vol.62 , pp. 957-967
    • Ikonomou, M.G.1    Blades, A.T.2    Kebarle, P.3
  • 47
    • 0011381757 scopus 로고
    • A study of the density, surface tension, and adsorption in the water-Ammonia system at 20 /c
    • King, H.H., Hall, J.L., Ware, G.C.: A study of the density, surface tension, and adsorption in the water-Ammonia system at 20 /C. Am. Chem. Soc. 52, 5130 (1930)
    • (1930) Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.52 , pp. 5130
    • King, H.H.1    Hall, J.L.2    Ware, G.C.3
  • 48
    • 24644467686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dielectric properties of solutions isomorphous with water
    • Potapov, A.A., Parkhomenko, I.Y.: Dielectric properties of solutions isomorphous with water. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 75, 34 (2005)
    • (2005) Russ. J. Gen. Chem. , vol.75 , pp. 34
    • Potapov, A.A.1    Parkhomenko, I.Y.2
  • 49
    • 0027623503 scopus 로고
    • Mutual solubility of water and pyridine derivatives
    • Stephenson, R.M.: Mutual solubility of water and pyridine derivatives. J. Chem. Eng. Data 38, 428-431 (1993)
    • (1993) J. Chem. Eng. Data , vol.38 , pp. 428-431
    • Stephenson, R.M.1
  • 50
    • 20544441662 scopus 로고
    • The conductance, dissociation constant, and heat of dissociation of triethylamine in water
    • Ablard, J.E., McKinney, D.S., Warner, J.C.: The conductance, dissociation constant, and heat of dissociation of triethylamine in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2181-2183 (1940)
    • (1940) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.62 , pp. 2181-2183
    • Ablard, J.E.1    McKinney, D.S.2    Warner, J.C.3
  • 51
    • 65249092983 scopus 로고
    • The dissociation constants and conductivities of mono-, di-, and triethylamine in aqueous solution
    • Campbell, A.N., Lam, S.-Y.: The Dissociation constants and conductivities of mono-, di-, and triethylamine in aqueous solution. Can. J. Chem. 51, 551-555 (1973)
    • (1973) Can. J. Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 551-555
    • Campbell, A.N.1    Lam, S.-Y.2
  • 54
    • 34247365685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spraying mode effect on droplet formation and ion chemistry in electrosprays
    • Nemes, P., Marginean, I., Vertes, A.: Spraying mode effect on Droplet formation and ion chemistry in electrosprays. Anal. Chem. 79, 3105 (2007)
    • (2007) Anal. Chem. , vol.79 , pp. 3105
    • Nemes, P.1    Marginean, I.2    Vertes, A.3
  • 55
    • 12044253267 scopus 로고
    • From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase-The mechanism of electrospray mass spectrometry
    • Kebarle, P., Tang, L.: From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase-the mechanism of electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 65, 972A (1993)
    • (1993) Anal. Chem. , vol.65
    • Kebarle, P.1    Tang, L.2
  • 56
    • 0024621015 scopus 로고
    • Electrified droplet fission and the rayleigh limit
    • Taflin, D.C., Ward, T.L., Davis, E.J.: Electrified droplet fission and the Rayleigh limit. Langmuir 5, 376 (1989)
    • (1989) Langmuir , vol.5 , pp. 376
    • Taflin, D.C.1    Ward, T.L.2    Davis, E.J.3
  • 58
    • 0035984339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of biomolecular conformations and conformational dynamics by mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1002/mas.10017
    • Kaltashov, I.A., Eyles, S.J.: Studies of biomolecular conformations and conformational dynamics by mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 21, 37-71 (2002) (Pubitemid 34950940)
    • (2002) Mass Spectrometry Reviews , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-71
    • Kaltashov, I.A.1    Eyles, S.J.2
  • 59
    • 0023644679 scopus 로고
    • Structure of ubiquitin refined at 1.8 ã resolution
    • Vijay-Kumar, S., Bugg, C.E., Cook, W.J.: Structure of ubiquitin refined at 1.8 Ã resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 194, 531-544 (1987)
    • (1987) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.194 , pp. 531-544
    • Vijay-Kumar, S.1    Bugg, C.E.2    Cook, W.J.3
  • 60
    • 0035886670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemically induced pH changes resulting in protein unfolding in the ion source of an electrospray mass spectrometer
    • DOI 10.1021/ac010545r
    • Konermann, L., Silva, E.A., Sogbein, O.F.: Electrochemically induced pH changes resulting in protein unfolding in the ion source of an electrospray mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 73, 4836-4844 (2001) (Pubitemid 32980105)
    • (2001) Analytical Chemistry , vol.73 , Issue.20 , pp. 4836-4844
    • Konermann, L.1    Silva, E.A.2    Sogbein, O.F.3
  • 62
    • 0000596572 scopus 로고
    • Studies on heme binding in myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c by ion spray mass spectrometry
    • Li, Y.T., Hsieh, Y.L., Henion, J.D., Ganem, B.: Studies on heme binding in myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c by ion spray mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 4, 631-637 (1993)
    • (1993) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. , vol.4 , pp. 631-637
    • Li, Y.T.1    Hsieh, Y.L.2    Henion, J.D.3    Ganem, B.4
  • 63
    • 0001401150 scopus 로고
    • Observation of the heme-goblin complex in native myoglobin by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • Katta, V., Chait, B.T.: Observation of the heme-goblin complex in native myoglobin by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 8534-8535 (1991)
    • (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 8534-8535
    • Katta, V.1    Chait, B.T.2
  • 64
    • 0034582188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pH on the kinetic reaction mechanism of myoglobin unfolding studied by time-resolved electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    • DOI 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00149-X, PII S104403059900149X
    • Sogbein, O.O., Simmons, D.A., Konermann, L.: Effects of pH on the kinetic reaction mechanism of myoglobin unfolding studied by timeresolved electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 11, 312-319 (2000) (Pubitemid 34506419)
    • (2000) Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 312-319
    • Sogbein, O.O.1    Simmons, D.A.2    Konermann, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.