메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue 16, 2012, Pages

Ice-cloud particle habit classification using principal components

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; DATA HANDLING; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS;

EID: 84865758182     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012JD017573     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0003544563 scopus 로고
    • AFGL atmospheric constituent profiles (0-120 km)
    • Air Force Geophys. Lab., Bedford, Mass
    • Anderson, G., S. Clough, F. Kneizys, J. Chetwynd, and E. Shettle (1986), AFGL atmospheric constituent profiles (0-120 km), Tech. Rep. AFGL-TR 86-0110, Air Force Geophys. Lab., Bedford, Mass.
    • (1986) Tech. Rep. AFGL-TR , pp. 86-0110
    • Anderson, G.1    Clough, S.2    Kneizys, F.3    Chetwynd, J.4    Shettle, E.5
  • 2
    • 70149095083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive habit diagram for atmospheric ice crystals: Confirmation from the laboratory, AIRS II, and other eld studies
    • doi:10.1175/ 2009JAS2883.1
    • Bailey, M. P., and J. Hallett (2009), A comprehensive habit diagram for atmospheric ice crystals: Confirmation from the laboratory, AIRS II, and other eld studies, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2888-2899, doi:10.1175/ 2009JAS2883.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 2888-2899
    • Bailey, M.P.1    Hallett, J.2
  • 3
    • 84855808131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice crystal linear growth rates from 20°C to 70°C: Confirmation from wave cloud studies
    • doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-035.1
    • Bailey, M. P., and J. Hallett (2012), Ice crystal linear growth rates from 20°C to 70°C: Confirmation from wave cloud studies, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 390-402, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-035.1.
    • (2012) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 390-402
    • Bailey, M.P.1    Hallett, J.2
  • 4
    • 84905360081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus, and anvil clouds. Part II: Cirrus clouds
    • Baker, B. A., R. P. Lawson, B. Pilson, and Q. Mo (2006), In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus, and anvil clouds. Part II: Cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 818-837.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 818-837
    • Baker, B.A.1    Lawson, R.P.2    Pilson, B.3    Mo, Q.4
  • 5
    • 67649528692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus
    • Baran, A. J. (2009), A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 110, 1239-1260.
    • (2009) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer , vol.110 , pp. 1239-1260
    • Baran, A.J.1
  • 7
    • 0036937468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of stratus cloud properties deduced from surface, GOES, and aircraft data during the March 2000 ARM Cloud IOP
    • Dong, X., G. G. Mace, P. Minnis, W. L. Smith Jr., M. Poellot, R. T. Marchand, and A. D. Rapp (2002), Comparison of stratus cloud properties deduced from surface, GOES, and aircraft data during the March 2000 ARM Cloud IOP, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3265-3284.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 3265-3284
    • Dong, X.1    MacE, G.G.2    Minnis, P.3    Smith Jr., W.L.4    Poellot, M.5    Marchand, R.T.6    Rapp, A.D.7
  • 8
    • 0025627821 scopus 로고
    • A summary of the physical properties of cirrus clouds
    • Dowling, D. R., and L. F. Radke (1990), A summary of the physical properties of cirrus clouds, J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 9, 970-978.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 970-978
    • Dowling, D.R.1    Radke, L.F.2
  • 9
    • 0141563761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice particle interarrival times measured with a fast FSSP
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0249:IPITMW>2.0.CO;2
    • Field, P. R., R. Wood, P. R. A. Brown, P. H. Kaye, E. Hirst, R. Greenaway, and J. A. Smith (2003), Ice particle interarrival times measured with a fast FSSP, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 249-261, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(2003)020<0249:IPITMW>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.20 , pp. 249-261
    • Field, P.R.1    Wood, R.2    Brown, P.R.A.3    Kaye, P.H.4    Hirst, E.5    Greenaway, R.6    Smith, J.A.7
  • 10
    • 0542362546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical analysis for pattern recognition of small cloud particles sampled with a PMS OAP-2DC probe
    • Fouilloux, A., J. Iaquinta, C. Duroure, and F. Albers (1997), A statistical analysis for pattern recognition of small cloud particles sampled with a PMS OAP-2DC probe, Ann. Geophys., 15, 840-846.
    • (1997) Ann. Geophys. , vol.15 , pp. 840-846
    • Fouilloux, A.1    Iaquinta, J.2    Duroure, C.3    Albers, F.4
  • 11
    • 84865702561 scopus 로고
    • Neural network based classification procedure for 2D-PMS ice crystal images
    • paper presented at Conference on Cloud Physics 15-20 Jan
    • Garbrick, D., V. Chandrasekar, and R. Xiao (1995), Neural network based classification procedure for 2D-PMS ice crystal images, paper presented at Conference on Cloud Physics, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Dallas, Tex., 15-20 Jan.
    • (1995) Amer. Meteor. Soc., Dallas, Tex.
    • Garbrick, D.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Xiao, R.3
  • 12
    • 79960107155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corner detector based on global and local curvature properties
    • doi:10.1117/1.2931681
    • He, X. C., and N. H. C. Yung (2008), Corner detector based on global and local curvature properties, Opt. Eng., 47(5), 057008 doi:10.1117/ 1.2931681.
    • (2008) Opt. Eng. , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 057008
    • He, X.C.1    Yung, N.H.C.2
  • 14
    • 0001335607 scopus 로고
    • Some techniques and uses of 2D-C habit classification for snow particles
    • Holroyd, E. W. (1987), Some techniques and uses of 2D-C habit classification for snow particles, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 4, 498-511.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 498-511
    • Holroyd, E.W.1
  • 15
    • 66449105831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering database in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range of 100-1000 GHz for nonspherical ice particles
    • doi:10.1029/ 2008JD010451
    • Hong, G., P. Yang, B. A. Baum, A. J. Heymsfield, F. Weng, Q. Liu, G. Heygster, and S. A. Buehler (2009), Scattering database in the millimeter and submillimeter wave range of 100-1000 GHz for nonspherical ice particles, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06201, doi:10.1029/ 2008JD010451.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Hong, G.1    Yang, P.2    Baum, B.A.3    Heymsfield, A.J.4    Weng, F.5    Liu, Q.6    Heygster, G.7    Buehler, S.A.8
  • 16
    • 0001982172 scopus 로고
    • A two-dimensional hydrometeor machine classifier derived from observed data
    • Hunter, H. E., R. M. Dyer, and M. Glass (1984), A two-dimensional hydrometeor machine classifier derived from observed data, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 1, 28-36.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.1 , pp. 28-36
    • Hunter, H.E.1    Dyer, R.M.2    Glass, M.3
  • 17
    • 0033134086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice particle habits in Arctic clouds
    • Korolev, A. V., and G. A. Isaac (1999), Ice particle habits in Arctic clouds, Geophy. Res. Lett., 26, 1299-1302.
    • (1999) Geophy. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1299-1302
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Isaac, G.A.2
  • 18
    • 0141626549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roundness and aspect ratio of particles in ice clouds
    • Korolev, A. V., and G. A. Isaac (2003), Roundness and aspect ratio of particles in ice clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1795-1808.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1795-1808
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Isaac, G.A.2
  • 19
    • 0033760552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A technique for habit classification of cloud particles
    • Korolev, A., and B. Sussman (2000), A technique for habit classification of cloud particles, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1048-1057.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. , vol.17 , pp. 1048-1057
    • Korolev, A.1    Sussman, B.2
  • 20
    • 80052546237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small ice particles in tropospheric clouds: Fact or artifact? Airborne icing instrumentation evaluation experiment
    • Korolev, A. V., E. F. Emery, J. W. Strapp, S. G. Cober, G. A. Isaac, M. Wasey, and D. Marcotte (2011), Small ice particles in tropospheric clouds: fact or artifact? Airborne icing instrumentation evaluation experiment, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92(8), 967-973.
    • (2011) B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.92 , Issue.8 , pp. 967-973
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Emery, E.F.2    Strapp, J.W.3    Cober, S.G.4    Isaac, G.A.5    Wasey, M.6    Marcotte, D.7
  • 21
    • 80052824968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ice particles shattering on the 2D-S probe
    • Lawson, R. P. (2011), Effects of ice particles shattering on the 2D-S probe, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1361-1381.
    • (2011) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.4 , pp. 1361-1381
    • Lawson, R.P.1
  • 22
    • 0034876243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of microphysical properties of Arctic clouds observed in May and July 1998 during FIRE ACE
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD900789
    • Lawson, R. P., B. A. Baker, C. G. Schmitt, and T. L. Jensen (2001), An overview of microphysical properties of Arctic clouds observed in May and July 1998 during FIRE ACE, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14,989-15,014, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD900789.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 14989-15014
    • Lawson, R.P.1    Baker, B.A.2    Schmitt, C.G.3    Jensen, T.L.4
  • 23
    • 33750323701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric ice crystals at South Pole Station
    • Lawson, R. P., B. A. Baker, P. Zmarzly, D. O'Connor, and Q. Mo (2006), Microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric ice crystals at South Pole Station, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 1505-1524.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.45 , pp. 1505-1524
    • Lawson, R.P.1    Baker, B.A.2    Zmarzly, P.3    O'Connor, D.4    Mo, Q.5
  • 24
  • 25
    • 0030391043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals
    • Macke, A., J. Mueller, and E. Raschke (1996), Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2813-2825.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2813-2825
    • MacKe, A.1    Mueller, J.2    Raschke, E.3
  • 26
    • 0001940269 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals
    • Magono, C., and C. Lee (1966), Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals, J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser., 7(2), 321-335.
    • (1966) J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser. , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-335
    • Magono, C.1    Lee, C.2
  • 27
    • 81755178969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of observed cirrus microphysical properties on shortwave radiation: A case study over Oklahoma
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016058
    • Mauno, P., G. M. McFarquhar, P. Räisänen, M. Kahnert, M. S. Timlin, and T. Nousiainen (2011), The influence of observed cirrus microphysical properties on shortwave radiation: A case study over Oklahoma, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D22208, doi:10.1029/2011JD016058.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Mauno, P.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2    Räisänen, P.3    Kahnert, M.4    Timlin, M.S.5    Nousiainen, T.6
  • 29
    • 17344370390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations-Description and examples of use
    • Mayer, B., and A. Kylling (2005), Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations-Description and examples of use, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855-1877.
    • (2005) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 1855-1877
    • Mayer, B.1    Kylling, A.2
  • 30
    • 79953222223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect and semi-direct aerosol campaign
    • doi:10.1175/ 2010BAMS2935.1
    • McFarquhar, G. M., and Coauthors (2011), Indirect and semi-direct aerosol campaign, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92, 183-201, doi:10.1175/ 2010BAMS2935.1.
    • (2011) Sd Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.92 , pp. 183-201
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1
  • 31
    • 0030432893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific experiment
    • McFarquhar, G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield (1996), Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 53(17), 2401-2423.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , Issue.17 , pp. 2401-2423
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 32
    • 0033611343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of observed ice crystal sizes and shapes to calculate mean scattering properties and multispectral radiances: CEPEX April 4, 1993 case study
    • McFarquhar, G. M., A. J. Heymsfield, A. Macke, J. Iaquinta, and S. M. Aulenbach (1999), Use of observed ice crystal sizes and shapes to calculate mean scattering properties and multispectral radiances: CEPEX April 4, 1993 case study, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31,763-31,779.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 31763-31779
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    MacKe, A.3    Iaquinta, J.4    Aulenbach, S.M.5
  • 33
    • 42549136279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 1. Observations
    • doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008633
    • McFarquhar, G. M., G. Zhang, M. R. Poellot, G. L. Kok, R. McCoy, T. Tooman, A. Fridlind, and A. J. Heymsfield (2007), Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24201, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008633.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Zhang, G.2    Poellot, M.R.3    Kok, G.L.4    McCoy, R.5    Tooman, T.6    Fridlind, A.7    Heymsfield, A.J.8
  • 34
    • 0001847393 scopus 로고
    • Aircraft measurements to validate and improve numerical model parameterization of ice to water ratios in clouds
    • Moss, S. J., and D. W. Johnson (1994), Aircraft measurements to validate and improve numerical model parameterization of ice to water ratios in clouds, Atmos. Res., 34, 1-25.
    • (1994) Atmos. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 1-25
    • Moss, S.J.1    Johnson, D.W.2
  • 37
    • 14744292662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of particle shapes from lidar depolarization ratio in convective ice clouds compared to in situ observations during CRYSTAL-FACE
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004883
    • Noel, V., D. M. Winker, M. McGill, and P. Lawson (2004), Classification of particle shapes from lidar depolarization ratio in convective ice clouds compared to in situ observations during CRYSTAL-FACE, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D24213, doi:10.1029/2004JD004883.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Noel, V.1    Winker, D.M.2    McGill, M.3    Lawson, P.4
  • 38
    • 5444251501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by quasispherical ice crystals
    • Nousiainen, T., and G. M. McFarquhar (2004), Light scattering by quasispherical ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2229-2248.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2229-2248
    • Nousiainen, T.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 39
    • 81555200708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small irregular ice crystals in tropical cirrus
    • doi:10.1175/2011JAS3733.1
    • Nousiainen, T., H. Lindqvist, G. M. McFarquhar, and J. Um (2011), Small irregular ice crystals in tropical cirrus, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2614-2627, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3733.1.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 2614-2627
    • Nousiainen, T.1    Lindqvist, H.2    McFarquhar, G.M.3    Um, J.4
  • 40
    • 0019727409 scopus 로고
    • Feature extraction and selection for pattern recognition of two-dimensional hydrometeor images
    • Rahman, M. M., E. A. Quincy, R. G. Jacquot, and M. J. Magee (1981), Feature extraction and selection for pattern recognition of two-dimensional hydrometeor images, J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 521-535.
    • (1981) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.20 , pp. 521-535
    • Rahman, M.M.1    Quincy, E.A.2    Jacquot, R.G.3    Magee, M.J.4
  • 41
    • 84966148288 scopus 로고
    • A numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media
    • Stamnes, K., S. Tsay, W. Wiscombe, and K. Jayaweera (1988), A numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509.
    • (1988) Appl. Opt. , vol.27 , pp. 2502-2509
    • Stamnes, K.1    Tsay, S.2    Wiscombe, W.3    Jayaweera, K.4
  • 42
    • 0029503802 scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part III: Light scattering by irregular ice crystals
    • Takano, Y., and K. N. Liou (1995), Radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part III: Light scattering by irregular ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 818-837.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 818-837
    • Takano, Y.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 43
    • 34547229273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of aggregates of bullet rosettes in cirrus
    • doi:10.1175/JAM2501.1
    • Um, J., and G. M. McFarquhar (2007), Single-scattering properties of aggregates of bullet rosettes in cirrus, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 757-775, doi:10.1175/JAM2501.1.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.46 , pp. 757-775
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 44
    • 67649424386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of aggregates of plates
    • doi:10.1002/qj.378
    • Um, J., and G. M. McFarquhar (2009), Single-scattering properties of aggregates of plates, Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 135, 291-304, doi:10.1002/qj.378.
    • (2009) Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 291-304
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 45
    • 79953716287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models
    • doi:10.5194/acp-11-3159-2011
    • Um, J., and G. M. McFarquhar (2011), Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3159-3171, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3159-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 3159-3171
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 46
    • 0029434735 scopus 로고
    • Relating cirrus cloud properties to observed fluxes: A critical assessment
    • Vogelman, A. M., and T. P. Ackerman (1995), Relating cirrus cloud properties to observed fluxes: A critical assessment, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4285-4301.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 4285-4301
    • Vogelman, A.M.1    Ackerman, T.P.2
  • 49
    • 0030319574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric-optics integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals
    • Yang, P., and K. N. Liou (1996), Geometric-optics integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals, Appl. Opt., 35, 6568-6584.
    • (1996) Appl. Opt. , vol.35 , pp. 6568-6584
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 50
    • 0001352020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial atmosphere
    • Yang, P., and K. N. Liou (1998), Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial atmosphere, Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 71, 223-248.
    • (1998) Contrib. Atmos. Phys. , vol.71 , pp. 223-248
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 51
    • 0033788892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the scattering and absorption properties of individual ice crystals
    • Yang, P., K. N. Liou, K. Wyser, and D. Mitchell (2000), Parameterization of the scattering and absorption properties of individual ice crystals, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4699-4718.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 4699-4718
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2    Wyser, K.3    Mitchell, D.4
  • 52
    • 25444514813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering and absorption property database for nonspherical ice particles in the near- through far-infrared spectral region
    • Yang, P., H. Wei, H. Huang, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, G. W. Kattawar, M. I. Mishchenko, and Q. Fu (2005), Scattering and absorption property database for nonspherical ice particles in the near- through far-infrared spectral region, Appl. Opt., 44, 26, 5512-5523.
    • (2005) Appl. Opt. , vol.44 , Issue.26 , pp. 5512-5523
    • Yang, P.1    Wei, H.2    Huang, H.3    Baum, B.A.4    Hu, Y.X.5    Kattawar, G.W.6    Mishchenko, M.I.7    Fu, Q.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.