메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 20-34

Skin dose during radiotherapy: A summary and general estimation technique

Author keywords

Basal cell carcinoma; Radiotherapy; Skin cancer; Skin dose; Surface dose

Indexed keywords


EID: 84865463513     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15269914     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3734     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0036644304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin toxicity due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck carcinoma
    • Lee N, Chuang C, Quivey JM, et al. Skin toxicity due to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;53(3):630-37.
    • (2002) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 630-637
    • Lee, N.1    Chuang, C.2    Quivey, J.M.3
  • 2
    • 56349111938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute skin toxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage 1 non-small-cell lung cancer: who's at risk
    • Hoppe BS, Laser B, Kowalski AV, et al. Acute skin toxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage 1 non-small-cell lung cancer: who's at risk? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72(5):1283-86.
    • (2008) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 1283-1286
    • Hoppe, B.S.1    Laser, B.2    Kowalski, A.V.3
  • 3
    • 0025247679 scopus 로고
    • Overview of radiation-induced skin cancer in humans
    • Shore RE. Overview of radiation-induced skin cancer in humans. Int J Radiat Biol. 1990;57:809-27.
    • (1990) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.57 , pp. 809-827
    • Shore, R.E.1
  • 4
    • 0030463164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers after ionizing radiation therapy
    • Karagas MR, McDonald JA, Greenberg ER, et al. Risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers after ionizing radiation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88(24):1848-53.
    • (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.88 , Issue.24 , pp. 1848-1853
    • Karagas, M.R.1    McDonald, J.A.2    Greenberg, E.R.3
  • 5
    • 0033897189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic ionizing radiation and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
    • Lichter MD, Karagas MR, Mott LA, Spencer SK, Stukel TA, Greenberg ER. Therapeutic ionizing radiation and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(8):1007-11.
    • (2000) Arch Dermatol , vol.136 , Issue.8 , pp. 1007-1011
    • Lichter, M.D.1    Karagas, M.R.2    Mott, L.A.3    Spencer, S.K.4    Stukel, T.A.5    Greenberg, E.R.6
  • 6
    • 20544451817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmelanoma skin cancer in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study
    • Perkins JS, Liu Y, Mitby PA, et al. Nonmelanoma skin cancer in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(16):3733-41.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , Issue.16 , pp. 3733-3741
    • Perkins, J.S.1    Liu, Y.2    Mitby, P.A.3
  • 11
    • 0030909090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin dose from radiotherapy X-ray beams: the influence of energy
    • Butson MJ, Mathur JN, Metcalfe PE. Skin dose from radiotherapy X-ray beams: the influence of energy. Australas Radiol. 1997;41(2):148-50.
    • (1997) Australas Radiol , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-150
    • Butson, M.J.1    Mathur, J.N.2    Metcalfe, P.E.3
  • 12
    • 0024416182 scopus 로고
    • Surface dose measurements in clinical photon beams
    • Nilsson B and Sorcini B. Surface dose measurements in clinical photon beams. Acta Oncol. 1989;28(4):537-42.
    • (1989) Acta Oncol , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 537-542
    • Nilsson, B.1    Sorcini, B.2
  • 14
    • 33746876024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface dose measurement using TLD powder extrapolation
    • Rapley P. Surface dose measurement using TLD powder extrapolation. Med Dosim. 2006;31(3):209-15.
    • (2006) Med Dosim , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-215
    • Rapley, P.1
  • 15
    • 0347625752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface and build-up region dosimetry for obliquely incident intensity modulated radiotherapy 6 MV x rays
    • Dogan N and Glasgow GP. Surface and build-up region dosimetry for obliquely incident intensity modulated radiotherapy 6 MV x rays. Med Phys. 2003;30(12):3091-96.
    • (2003) Med Phys , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 3091-3096
    • Dogan, N.1    Glasgow, G.P.2
  • 16
    • 70349456405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.A.A. PBC calculation accuracy in the surface build-up region in tangential beam treatments Phantom and breast case study with the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE
    • Panettierei V, Barsoum P, Westermark M, Brualla L, Lax I. AAA and PBC calculation accuracy in the surface build-up region in tangential beam treatments. Phantom and breast case study with the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. Radiother Oncol. 2009;93(1):94-101.
    • (2009) Radiother Oncol , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-101
    • Panettierei, V.1    Barsoum, P.2    Westermark, M.3    Brualla, L.4    Lax, I.5
  • 17
    • 40249106114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of the accuracy of skin dose calculation for a commercial treatment planning system
    • Court LE, Tishler RB, Xiang H, Allen AM, Makrigiorgos M, Chin L. Experimental evaluation of the accuracy of skin dose calculation for a commercial treatment planning system. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2008;9(1):29-35.
    • (2008) J Appl Clin Med Phys , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-35
    • Court, L.E.1    Tishler, R.B.2    Xiang, H.3    Allen, A.M.4    Makrigiorgos, M.5    Chin, L.6
  • 18
    • 0031925289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation and modelling of the surface dose from linear accelerator produced 6 and 10 MV photon beams
    • Lamb A and Blake S. Investigation and modelling of the surface dose from linear accelerator produced 6 and 10 MV photon beams. Phys Med Biol. 1998;43(5):1133-46.
    • (1998) Phys Med Biol , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 1133-1146
    • Lamb, A.1    Blake, S.2
  • 19
    • 0022578185 scopus 로고
    • Buildup/surface dose and exit dose measurements for a 6-MV linear accelerator
    • Purdy JA. Buildup/surface dose and exit dose measurements for a 6-MV linear accelerator. Med Phys. 1986;13(2):259-62.
    • (1986) Med Phys , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-262
    • Purdy, J.A.1
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0026695986 scopus 로고
    • Design of parallel plate ion chamber for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams
    • Rawlinson JA, Arlen D, Newcombe D. Design of parallel plate ion chamber for buildup measurements in megavoltage photon beams. Med Phys. 1992;19(3):641-48.
    • (1992) Med Phys , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 641-648
    • Rawlinson, J.A.1    Arlen, D.2    Newcombe, D.3
  • 22
    • 0034101028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose measurements in the build-up region for the photon beams from Clinac-1800 dual energy medical linear accelerator
    • Ravikumar M and Ravichandran R. Dose measurements in the build-up region for the photon beams from Clinac-1800 dual energy medical linear accelerator. Strahlenther Onkol. 2000;176(5):223-28.
    • (2000) Strahlenther Onkol , vol.176 , Issue.5 , pp. 223-228
    • Ravikumar, M.1    Ravichandran, R.2
  • 23
    • 0034961188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin dose measurement by using ultra-thin TLDs
    • Lin JP, Chu TC, Lin SY, Liu MT. Skin dose measurement by using ultra-thin TLDs. Appl Radiat Isot. 2001;55(3):383-91.
    • (2001) Appl Radiat Isot , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-391
    • Lin, J.P.1    Chu, T.C.2    Lin, S.Y.3    Liu, M.T.4
  • 24
    • 0024448666 scopus 로고
    • The use of carbon-loaded thermoluminescent dosimeters for the measurement of surface doses in megavoltage x-ray beams
    • Thomas ST and Palmer N. The use of carbon-loaded thermoluminescent dosimeters for the measurement of surface doses in megavoltage x-ray beams. Med Phys. 1989;16(6):902-04.
    • (1989) Med Phys , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 902-904
    • Thomas, S.T.1    Palmer, N.2
  • 25
    • 0023620571 scopus 로고
    • Patient dose measurements in photon fields by means of silicon semiconductor detectors
    • Rinker G, Grussel E. Patient dose measurements in photon fields by means of silicon semiconductor detectors. Med Phys. 1987;14(5):870-73.
    • (1987) Med Phys , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 870-873
    • Rinker, G.1    Grussel, E.2
  • 26
    • 33745850142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-thin TDs for skin dose determination in high energy photon beams
    • Stathakis S, Li JS, Paskalev K, Yang J, Wang L, Ma CM. Ultra-thin TDs for skin dose determination in high energy photon beams. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51(14):3549-67.
    • (2006) Phys Med Biol , vol.51 , Issue.14 , pp. 3549-3567
    • Stathakis, S.1    Li, J.S.2    Paskalev, K.3    Yang, J.4    Wang, L.5    Ma, C.M.6
  • 27
    • 85027732547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of immobilization mask material on surface dose
    • Hadley SW, Kelly R, Lam K. Effects of immobilization mask material on surface dose. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2005;6(1):1-7.
    • (2005) J Appl Clin Med Phys , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Hadley, S.W.1    Kelly, R.2    Lam, K.3
  • 28
    • 33645519422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate skin dose measurements using radiochromic film in clinical applications
    • Devic S, Seuntjens J, Abdel-Rahman W, et al. Accurate skin dose measurements using radiochromic film in clinical applications. Med Phys. 2006;33(4):1116-24.
    • (2006) Med Phys , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 1116-1124
    • Devic, S.1    Seuntjens, J.2    Abdel-Rahman, W.3
  • 29
    • 0031669679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of off-axis and peripheral skin dose using radiochromic film
    • Butson MJ, Yu PKN, Metcalfe PE. Measurement of off-axis and peripheral skin dose using radiochromic film. Phys Med Biol. 1998;43(9):2647-50.
    • (1998) Phys Med Biol , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 2647-2650
    • Butson, M.J.1    Yu, P.K.N.2    Metcalfe, P.E.3
  • 30
    • 3442884321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface dose extrapolation measurements with radiographic film
    • Butson MJ, Cheung T, Yu PK, Currie M. Surface dose extrapolation measurements with radiographic film. Phys Med Biol. 2004;49(13):N197-N201.
    • (2004) Phys Med Biol , vol.49 , Issue.13
    • Butson, M.J.1    Cheung, T.2    Yu, P.K.3    Currie, M.4
  • 31
    • 0031830589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photon beam skin dose analyses for different clinical setups
    • Kim S, Liu CR, Zhu TC, Palta JR. Photon beam skin dose analyses for different clinical setups. Med Phys. 1998;25(6):860-66.
    • (1998) Med Phys , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 860-866
    • Kim, S.1    Liu, C.R.2    Zhu, T.C.3    Palta, J.R.4
  • 32
    • 66449083249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photon beam dosimetry in the superficial buildup region using radiochromic EBT film stack
    • Chiu-Tsao S, Chan MF. Photon beam dosimetry in the superficial buildup region using radiochromic EBT film stack. Med Phys. 2009;36(6):2074-83.
    • (2009) Med Phys , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 2074-2083
    • Chiu-Tsao, S.1    Chan, M.F.2
  • 33
    • 0042132026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in skin dose using 6MV or 18MV x-ray beams
    • Yu PK, Cheung T, Butson MJ. Variations in skin dose using 6MV or 18MV x-ray beams. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. 2003;26(7):79-81.
    • (2003) Australas Phys Eng Sci Med , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 79-81
    • Yu, P.K.1    Cheung, T.2    Butson, M.J.3
  • 34
    • 0030786706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carbon fibre inserts on the build-up and attenuation of high energy photon beams
    • De Ost B, Vanregemorter J, Schaeken B, Van den Weyngaert D. The effect of carbon fibre inserts on the build-up and attenuation of high energy photon beams. Radiother Oncol. 1997;45(3):275-77.
    • (1997) Radiother Oncol , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-277
    • De Ost, B.1    Vanregemorter, J.2    Schaeken, B.3    Van den Weyngaert, D.4
  • 35
    • 0027365572 scopus 로고
    • Entrance and exit dose regions for a Clinac-2100C
    • Klein EE and Purdy JA. Entrance and exit dose regions for a Clinac-2100C. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993;27(2):429-35.
    • (1993) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 429-435
    • Klein, E.E.1    Purdy, J.A.2
  • 36
    • 0018775613 scopus 로고
    • Physical factors affecting absorbed dose to the skin from cobalt-60 gamma rays and 25-MV x rays
    • Gagnon WF and Horton JL. Physical factors affecting absorbed dose to the skin from cobalt-60 gamma rays and 25-MV x rays. Med Phys. 1979;6(4):285-90.
    • (1979) Med Phys , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-290
    • Gagnon, W.F.1    Horton, J.L.2
  • 37
    • 0030342378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magavoltage x-ray beams: 2-50 MV
    • Jordan TJ. Magavoltage x-ray beams: 2-50 MV. BJR Suppl. 1996;25:62-109.
    • (1996) BJR , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 62-109
    • Jordan, T.J.1
  • 38
    • 0019420542 scopus 로고
    • Buildup region and skin-dose measurements for the Therac 6 linear accelerator for radiation therapy
    • Tannous NBJ, Gagnon WF, Almond PR. Buildup region and skin-dose measurements for the Therac 6 linear accelerator for radiation therapy. Med Phys. 1981;8(3):378-81.
    • (1981) Med Phys , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 378-381
    • Tannous, N.B.J.1    Gagnon, W.F.2    Almond, P.R.3
  • 40
    • 0014980042 scopus 로고
    • Methods for the enhancement of skin sparing in cobalt 60 teletherapy
    • Saylor WL and Quillin RM. Methods for the enhancement of skin sparing in cobalt 60 teletherapy. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1971;111(1):174-79.
    • (1971) Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 174-179
    • Saylor, W.L.1    Quillin, R.M.2
  • 42
    • 0034749407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of carbon fiber couch inserts on surface dose with beam size variation
    • Higgins DM, Whitehurst P, Morgan AM. The effect of carbon fiber couch inserts on surface dose with beam size variation. Med Dosim. 2001;26(3):251-54.
    • (2001) Med Dosim , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-254
    • Higgins, D.M.1    Whitehurst, P.2    Morgan, A.M.3
  • 43
    • 0034192254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin damage probabilities using fixation materials in high-energy photon beams
    • Carl J and Vestergaard A. Skin damage probabilities using fixation materials in high-energy photon beams. Radiother Oncol. 2000;55(2):191-98.
    • (2000) Radiother Oncol , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-198
    • Carl, J.1    Vestergaard, A.2
  • 44
    • 0036146952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in skin dose associated with linac bed material at 6 MV x-ray energy
    • Butson MJ, Cheung T, Yu PK, Webb B. Variations in skin dose associated with linac bed material at 6 MV x-ray energy. Phys Med Biol. 2002;47(1):N25-N30.
    • (2002) Phys Med Biol , vol.47 , Issue.1
    • Butson, M.J.1    Cheung, T.2    Yu, P.K.3    Webb, B.4
  • 45
    • 0029127697 scopus 로고
    • Dose behind various immobilization and beam-modifying devices
    • Mellenberg DE. Dose behind various immobilization and beam-modifying devices. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;32(4):1193-97.
    • (1995) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 1193-1197
    • Mellenberg, D.E.1
  • 47
    • 0021079183 scopus 로고
    • Surface dose for megavoltage photon beams outside the treatment field
    • Starkschall G, St. George FJ, Zellmer DL. Surface dose for megavoltage photon beams outside the treatment field. Med Phys. 1983;10(6):906-10.
    • (1983) Med Phys , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 906-910
    • Starkschall, G.1    St George, F.J.2    Zellmer, D.L.3
  • 48
    • 0028850911 scopus 로고
    • Fetal dose from radiotherapy with photon beams: report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No
    • Stovall M, Blackwell CR, Cundiff J, et al. Fetal dose from radiotherapy with photon beams: report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 36. Med Phys. 1995;22(1):63-82.
    • (1995) 36. Med Phys. , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-82
    • Stovall, M.1    Blackwell, C.R.2    Cundiff, J.3
  • 49
    • 33750551507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo Model for Calculating Out-of-Field Dose from a Varian 6-MV Beam
    • Kry SF, Titt U, Poenisch F, et al. A Monte Carlo Model for Calculating Out-of-Field Dose from a Varian 6-MV Beam. Med Phys. 2006;33(11):4405-13.
    • (2006) Med Phys , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 4405-4413
    • Kry, S.F.1    Titt, U.2    Poenisch, F.3
  • 50
    • 34548297608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Monte Carlo model for out-of-field dose calculation from high-energy photon radiation therapy
    • Kry SF, Titt U, Followill D, et al. A Monte Carlo model for out-of-field dose calculation from high-energy photon radiation therapy. Med Phys. 2007;34(9):3489-99.
    • (2007) Med Phys , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 3489-3499
    • Kry, S.F.1    Titt, U.2    Followill, D.3
  • 51
    • 53549092258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of doses calculated by the Monte Carlo method and measured by LiF TLD in the buildup region for a 60Co photon beam
    • Budanec M, Znezevic Z, Bokulic T, et al. Comparison of doses calculated by the Monte Carlo method and measured by LiF TLD in the buildup region for a 60Co photon beam. Appl Radiat Isot. 2008;66(12):1925-29.
    • (2008) Appl Radiat Isot , vol.66 , Issue.12 , pp. 1925-1929
    • Budanec, M.1    Znezevic, Z.2    Bokulic, T.3
  • 52
    • 0026498079 scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty analysis of absorbed dose calculations from thermoluminescent dosimeters
    • Kirby TH, Hanson WF, Johnston DA. Uncertainty analysis of absorbed dose calculations from thermoluminescent dosimeters. Med Phys. 1992;19(6):1427-33.
    • (1992) Med Phys , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 1427-1433
    • Kirby, T.H.1    Hanson, W.F.2    Johnston, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 0030586048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple and generally applicable method to estimate the peripheral dose in radiation teletherapy with high energy x-rays or gamma radiation
    • Van der Giessen PH. A simple and generally applicable method to estimate the peripheral dose in radiation teletherapy with high energy x-rays or gamma radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;35(5):1059-68.
    • (1996) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 1059-1068
    • Van der Giessen, P.H.1
  • 55
    • 0035252099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peridose, a software program to calculate the dose outside the primary beam in radiation therapy
    • Van der Giessen PH. Peridose, a software program to calculate the dose outside the primary beam in radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol. 2001;58(2):209-13.
    • (2001) Radiother Oncol , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-213
    • Van der Giessen, P.H.1
  • 56
    • 34147135500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the accuracy of fetal dose estimates using TG-36 data
    • Kry SF, Starkschall G, Antolak JA, Salehpour M. Evaluation of the accuracy of fetal dose estimates using TG-36 data. Med Phys. 2007;34(4):1193-97.
    • (2007) Med Phys , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1193-1197
    • Kry, S.F.1    Starkschall, G.2    Antolak, J.A.3    Salehpour, M.4
  • 57
    • 33745923806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose reconstruction for therapeutic and diagnostic radiation exposures: use in epidemiological studies
    • Stovall M, Weathers R, Kasper C, et al. Dose reconstruction for therapeutic and diagnostic radiation exposures: use in epidemiological studies. Radiat Res. 2006;166(1 Pt 2):141-57.
    • (2006) Radiat Res , vol.166 , Issue.1 PART 2 , pp. 141-157
    • Stovall, M.1    Weathers, R.2    Kasper, C.3
  • 58
    • 79959537535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in photon energy spectra of a 6 MV beam and their impact on TLD response
    • Scarboro S, Followill DS, Howell RM, Kry SF. Variations in photon energy spectra of a 6 MV beam and their impact on TLD response. Med Phys. 2011;38(5):2619-28.
    • (2011) Med Phys , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 2619-2628
    • Scarboro, S.1    Followill, D.S.2    Howell, R.M.3    Kry, S.F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.