Chimpanzee 'folk physics': Bringing failures into focus

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 367, Issue 1603, 2012, Pages 2743-2752

  Seed, Amanda ^a   Seddon, Eleanor ^a   Greene, Bláthnaid ^a   Call, Josep ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Chimpanzees; Executive function; Representation; Tool use

Indexed keywords

AGE CLASS; COGNITION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; LIMITING FACTOR; MEMORY; ONTOGENY; PRIMATE; PSYCHOLOGY; TOOL USE;

EID: 84865406025     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0222     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Heyes, C. 2012 Simple minds: a qualified defence of associative learning. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 2695-2703. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0217)
2. Wimmer, H. & Perner, J. 1983 Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition 13, 103-128. (doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5)
3. Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M. & Frith, U. 1985 Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'? Cognition 21, 37-46. (doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8)
4. Wellman, H. M., Cross, D. & Watson, J. 2001 Metaanalysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Dev. 72, 655-684. (doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00304)
5. Penn, D. C. & Povinelli, D. J. 2007 On the lack of evidence that non-human animals possess anything remotely resembling a 'theory of mind'. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 362, 731-744. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.2023)
6. Bloom, P. & German, T. P. 2000 Two reasons to abandon the false belief task as a test of theory of mind. Cognition 77, B25-B31. (doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00096-2)
7. de Villiers, J. G. & de Villiers, P. A. 2000 Linguistic determinism and the understanding of false beliefs. In Children's reasoning and the mind, pp. 191-228. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
8. Hala, S. & Russell, J. 2001 Executive control within strategic deception: a window on early cognitive development? J. Exp. Child Psychol. 80, 112-141. (doi:10.1006/jecp.2000.2627)
9. Perner, J., Lang, B. & Kloo, D. 2002 Theory of mind and self-control: more than a common problem of inhibition. Child Dev. 73, 752-767. (doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00436)
10. Baillargeon, R., Scott, R. M. & He, Z. 2010 False-belief understanding in infants. Trends Cogn. Sci. 14, 110-118. (doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.006)
11. Buttelmann, D., Carpenter, M. & Tomasello, M. 2009 Eighteen-month-old infants show false belief understanding in an active helping paradigm. Cognition 112, 337-342. (doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.006)
12. Onishi, K. H. & Baillargeon, R. 2005 Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? Science 308, 255-258. (doi:10.1126/science.1106480)
13. Perner, J. & Ruffman, T. 2005 Infants' insight into the mind: how deep? Science 308, 214-216. (doi:10.1126/ science.1111656)
14. Apperly, I. A. & Butterfill, S. A. 2009 Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states? Psychol. Rev. 116, 953-970. (doi:10.1037/a0016923)
15. Leslie, A. M., Friedman, O. & German, T. P. 2004 Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 528-533. (doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001)
16. Birch, S. A. J. & Bloom, P. 2004 Understanding children's and adult's limitations in mental state reasoning. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 255-260. (doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004. 04.011)
17. Leekam, S., Perner, J., Healey, L. & Sewell, C. 2008 False signs and the non-specificity of theory of mind: evidence that preschoolers have general difficulties in understanding representations. Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 26, 485-497. (doi:10.1348/026151007_260154)
18. Riggs, K. J., Peterson, D. M., Robinson, E. J. & Mitchell, P. 1998 Are errors in false belief tasks symptomatic of a broader difficulty with counterfactuality? Cogn. Dev. 13, 73-90. (doi:10.1016/s0885-2014(98)90021-1)
19. Carlson, S. M., Moses, L. J. & Claxton, L. J. 2004 Individual differences in executive functioning and theory of mind: an investigation of inhibitory control and planning ability. J. Exp. Child Psychol. 87, 299-319. (doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2004.01.002)
20. Carlson, S. M. & Moses, L. J. 2001 Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind. Child Dev. 72, 1032-1053. (doi:10.1111/1467- 8624.00333)
21. Russell, J., Mauthner, N., Sharpe, S. & Tidswell, T. 1991 The 'Windows Task; as a measure of strategic deception in preschoolers and autistic subjects. Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 9, 331-349. (doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00881.x)
22. Hughes, C. & Ensor, R. 2007 Executive function and theory of mind: predictive relations from ages 2 to 4. Dev. Psychol. 43, 1447-1459. (doi:10.1037/0012-1649. 43.6.1447)
23. Milligan, K., Astington, J. W. & Dack, L. A. 2007 Language and theory of mind: meta-analysis of the relation between language ability and false-belief understanding. Child Dev. 78, 622-646. (doi:10.1111/j.1467- 8624.2007.01018.x)
24. Berthier, N. E., DeBlois, S., Poirer, C. R., Novak, M. A. & Clifton, R. K. 2000 Where's the ball? Two- and threeyear-olds reason about unseen events. Dev. Psychol. 36, 394-401. (doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.3.394)
25. Hood, B., Carey, S. & Prasada, S. 2000 Predicting the outcomes of physical events: two-year-olds fail to reveal knowledge of solidity and support. Child Dev. 71, 1540-1554. (doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00247)
26. Spelke, E. S., Breinlinger, K., Macomber, J. & Jacobson, K. 1992 Origins of knowledge. Psychol. Rev. 99, 605-632. (doi:10.1037/0033-295X.99.4.605)
27. Mash, C., Novak, E., Berthier, N. E. & Keen, R. 2006 What do two-year-olds understand about hidden-object events? Dev. Psychol. 42, 263-271. (doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.263)
28. Hood, B. M. 2004 Is looking good enough or does it beggar belief? Dev. Sci. 7, 415-417. (doi:10.1111/j. 1467-7687.2004.00358.x)
29. Keen, R., Berthier, N., Sylvia, M. R., Butler, S., Prunty, P. K. & Baker, R. K. 2008 Toddlers' use of cues in a search task. Infant Child Dev. 17, 249-267. (doi:10. 1002/icd.550)
30. Mash, C., Keen, R. & Berthier, N. E. 2003 Visual access and attention in two-year-olds' event reasoning and object search. Infancy 4, 371-388. (doi:10.1207/ s15327078in0403_04)
31. Butler, S. C., Berthier, N. E. & Clifton, R. K. 2002 Two-year-olds' search strategies and visual tracking in a hidden displacement task. Dev. Psychol. 38, 581-590. (doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.4.581)
32. Thornton, A. & Lukas, D. 2012 Individual variation in cognitive performance: developmental and evolutionar perspectives. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 2773-2783. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0214)
33. Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B. & Tomasello, M. 2007 Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: the cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science 317, 1360-1366. (doi:10.1126/ science.1146282)
34. Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J. & Povinelli, D. J. 2008 Darwin's mistake: explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. Behav. Brain Sci. 31, 109-130. (doi:10.1017/S0140525X08003543)
35. Köhler, W. 1926 The mentality of apes. 2nd edn. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace & Company.
36. Povinelli, D. J. 2000 Folk physics for apes: the chimpanzee's theory of how the world works. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
37. Seed, A. M., Call, J., Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S. 2009 Chimpanzees solve the trap problem when the confound of tool use is removed. J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 35, 23-34. (doi:10.1037/a0012925)
38. Silva, F. J., Silva, K. M., Cover, K. R., Leslie, A. M. & Rubalcaba, M. A. 2008 Humans' folk physics is sensitive to physical connection and contact between a tool and reward. Behav. Process. 77, 327-333. (doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2007.08.001)
39. Mundry, R. & Fischer, J. 1998 Use of statistical programs for nonparametric tests of small samples often leads to incorrect p values: examples from animal behaviour. Anim. Behav. 56, 256-259. (doi:10.1006/anbe. 1998.0756)
40. Baddeley, A. D. 2010 Working memory. Curr. Biol. 20, R136-R140. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.014)
41. Lawrence, B., Myerson, J. & Abrams, R. 2004 Interference with spatial working memory: an eye movement ismore than a shift of attention. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 11, 488-494. (doi:10.3758/bf03196600)
42. Call, J. 2004 Inferences about the location of food in the great apes (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, and Pongo pygmaeus). J. Comp. Psychol. 118, 232-241. (doi:10.1037/0735-7036.118.2.232)
43. Hill, A., Collier-Baker, E. & Suddendorf, T. 2011 Inferential reasoning by exclusion in great apes, lesser apes, and spider monkeys. J. Comp. Psychol. 125, 91-103. (doi:10.1037/a0020867)
44. Call, J. 2007 Apes know that hidden objects can affect the orientation of other objects. Cognition 105, 1-25. (doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.08.004)
45. Herrmann, E. & Call, J. 2012 Are there geniuses among the apes? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 2753-2761. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0191)