메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 436, Issue 1-2, 2012, Pages 659-676

In vitro antimicrobial activity of nanoconjugated vancomycin against drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Author keywords

Cell viability; Cell wall thickness; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Na +, K+ ATPase activity; Nanoconjugated vancomycin; Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Indexed keywords

CHITOSAN; FOLIC ACID; NANOCONJUGATED VANCOMYCIN; NANOPARTICLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 84865301218     PISSN: 03785173     EISSN: 18733476     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.033     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (92)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0002845029 scopus 로고
    • The disc susceptibility test
    • Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore
    • The disc susceptibility test J.F. Acar, and V. Lorian Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine 1980 Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore 24 25
    • (1980) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , pp. 24-25
    • Acar, J.F.1    Lorian, V.2
  • 2
    • 0035804291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia - Consider the source
    • G.L. Archer, and M.W. Climo Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia - consider the source N. Engl. J. Med. 344 2001 55 56
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 55-56
    • Archer, G.L.1    Climo, M.W.2
  • 4
    • 0013902668 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method
    • A.W. Bauer, W.M.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris, and M. Turch Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45 1966 493 496
    • (1966) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.45 , pp. 493-496
    • Bauer, A.W.1    Kirby, W.M.M.2    Sherris, J.C.3    Turch, M.4
  • 8
    • 33745222792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of biodegradable chitosan microspheres containing vancomycin and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with prepared microspheres
    • E. Cevher, Z. Orhan, L. Mulazimoglu, D. Sensoy, M. Alper, A. Yildiz, and Y. Ozsoy Characterization of biodegradable chitosan microspheres containing vancomycin and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with prepared microspheres Int. J. Pharm. 317 2006 127 135
    • (2006) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.317 , pp. 127-135
    • Cevher, E.1    Orhan, Z.2    Mulazimoglu, L.3    Sensoy, D.4    Alper, M.5    Yildiz, A.6    Ozsoy, Y.7
  • 11
    • 81555206878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from post operative pus sample
    • S.P. Chakraborty, S. Kar Mahapatra, M. Bal, and S. Roy Isolation and identification of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from post operative pus sample Al Ameen J. Med. Sci. 4 2011 152 168
    • (2011) Al Ameen J. Med. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 152-168
    • Chakraborty, S.P.1    Kar Mahapatra, S.2    Bal, M.3    Roy, S.4
  • 13
    • 0035033139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus?
    • H.F. Chambers The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus? Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7 2001 178 182
    • (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 178-182
    • Chambers, H.F.1
  • 15
    • 0042766279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical characteristics of O-carboxymethyl chitosans related to the preparation conditions
    • X.G. Chen, and H.J. Park Chemical characteristics of O-carboxymethyl chitosans related to the preparation conditions Carbohydr. Polym. 53 2003 355 359
    • (2003) Carbohydr. Polym. , vol.53 , pp. 355-359
    • Chen, X.G.1    Park, H.J.2
  • 16
    • 0035217939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antimicrobial activity of a chitooligoaccharide mixture against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutants
    • B.K. Choi, K.Y. Kim, Y.J. Yoo, S.J. Oh, J.H. Choi, and C.Y. Kim In vitro antimicrobial activity of a chitooligoaccharide mixture against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutants Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 18 2001 553 557
    • (2001) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.18 , pp. 553-557
    • Choi, B.K.1    Kim, K.Y.2    Yoo, Y.J.3    Oh, S.J.4    Choi, J.H.5    Kim, C.Y.6
  • 17
    • 0019820502 scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of pamamycin in Staphylococcus aureus
    • W.G. Chou, and B.M. Pogell Mode of action of pamamycin in Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 20 1981 443 454
    • (1981) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.20 , pp. 443-454
    • Chou, W.G.1    Pogell, B.M.2
  • 18
    • 0033840740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of a thickened cell wall and its glutamine nonamidated component to the vancomycin resistance expressed by Staphylococcus aureus Mu50
    • L. Cui, H. Murakami, K.K. Arai, H. Hanaki, and K. Hiramatsu Contribution of a thickened cell wall and its glutamine nonamidated component to the vancomycin resistance expressed by Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44 2000 2276 2285
    • (2000) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.44 , pp. 2276-2285
    • Cui, L.1    Murakami, H.2    Arai, K.K.3    Hanaki, H.4    Hiramatsu, K.5
  • 20
    • 3543046202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: In vitro stability, in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity
    • A.M. De Campos, Y. Diebold, E.L.S. Carvalho, A. Sanchez, and M.J. Alonso Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: in vitro stability, in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity Pharm. Res. 21 2004 803 810
    • (2004) Pharm. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 803-810
    • De Campos, A.M.1    Diebold, Y.2    Carvalho, E.L.S.3    Sanchez, A.4    Alonso, M.J.5
  • 21
    • 49949093141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomic force microscopy study of the antibacterial effects of chitosans on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
    • P. Eaton, J.C. Fernandes, E. Pereira, M.E. Pintado, and F.X. Malcata Atomic force microscopy study of the antibacterial effects of chitosans on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Ultramicroscopy 108 2008 1128 1134
    • (2008) Ultramicroscopy , vol.108 , pp. 1128-1134
    • Eaton, P.1    Fernandes, J.C.2    Pereira, E.3    Pintado, M.E.4    Malcata, F.X.5
  • 22
    • 0002515716 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial combinations
    • V. Lorian, 3rd ed. Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore
    • G.M. Eliopoulos, and R.C. Moellering Antimicrobial combinations V. Lorian, Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine 3rd ed. 1991 Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore 432 492
    • (1991) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , pp. 432-492
    • Eliopoulos, G.M.1    Moellering, R.C.2
  • 24
    • 2542631918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of metal ions with chitosan-based sorbents: A review
    • E. Guibal Interactions of metal ions with chitosan-based sorbents: a review Sep. Purif. Technol. 38 2004 43 74
    • (2004) Sep. Purif. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 43-74
    • Guibal, E.1
  • 25
    • 77957227509 scopus 로고
    • Chemical analysis of microbial cells
    • J.R. Norris, D.W. Ribbons, Academic Press London, United Kingdom
    • D. Herbert, P.J. Phipps, and R.E. Strange Chemical analysis of microbial cells J.R. Norris, D.W. Ribbons, Methods in Microbiology 1971 Academic Press London, United Kingdom 209 344
    • (1971) Methods in Microbiology , pp. 209-344
    • Herbert, D.1    Phipps, P.J.2    Strange, R.E.3
  • 26
    • 0035495687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A new model of antibiotic resistance
    • K. Hiramatsu Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new model of antibiotic resistance Lancet Infect. Dis. 1 2001 147 155
    • (2001) Lancet Infect. Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 147-155
    • Hiramatsu, K.1
  • 27
    • 0001093619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vancomycin resistance in Staplylococci
    • K. Hiramatsu Vancomycin resistance in Staplylococci Drug Resist. 1 1998 135 150
    • (1998) Drug Resist. , vol.1 , pp. 135-150
    • Hiramatsu, K.1
  • 28
    • 0030841073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility
    • K. Hiramatsu, H. Hanaki, T. Ino, K. Yabuta, T. Oguri, and F.C. Tenover Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40 1997 135 146
    • (1997) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 135-146
    • Hiramatsu, K.1    Hanaki, H.2    Ino, T.3    Yabuta, K.4    Oguri, T.5    Tenover, F.C.6
  • 29
    • 84965362242 scopus 로고
    • Celbenin-resistant staphylococci
    • M.P. Jevons Celbenin-resistant Staphylococci BMJ 1 1961 124 125
    • (1961) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 124-125
    • Jevons, M.P.1
  • 30
    • 75149147526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan
    • T. Kean, and M. Thanou Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62 2010 3 11
    • (2010) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.62 , pp. 3-11
    • Kean, T.1    Thanou, M.2
  • 31
    • 1542268858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galactosylated chitosan/DNA nanoparticles prepared using water-soluble chitosan as a gene carrier
    • T.H. Kim, I.K. Park, J.W. Nah, Y.J. Choi, and C.S. Cho Galactosylated chitosan/DNA nanoparticles prepared using water-soluble chitosan as a gene carrier Biomaterials 25 2004 3783 3792
    • (2004) Biomaterials , vol.25 , pp. 3783-3792
    • Kim, T.H.1    Park, I.K.2    Nah, J.W.3    Choi, Y.J.4    Cho, C.S.5
  • 32
    • 0000934742 scopus 로고
    • Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin resistant Staphylococci
    • W.M.M. Kirby Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin resistant Staphylococci Science 99 1944 452 453
    • (1944) Science , vol.99 , pp. 452-453
    • Kirby, W.M.M.1
  • 33
    • 3242759854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sodium-driven flagellar motor controls exopolysaccharide expression in Vibrio cholerae
    • C.M. Lauriano, C. Ghosh, N.E. Correa, and K.E. Klose The sodium-driven flagellar motor controls exopolysaccharide expression in Vibrio cholerae J. Bacteriol. 186 2004 4864 4874
    • (2004) J. Bacteriol. , vol.186 , pp. 4864-4874
    • Lauriano, C.M.1    Ghosh, C.2    Correa, N.E.3    Klose, K.E.4
  • 34
    • 42149180645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity and mechanism of the action of zeylasterone against Bacillus subtilis
    • L. Leon, and L. Moujir Activity and mechanism of the action of zeylasterone against Bacillus subtilis J. Appl. Microbiol. 104 2008 1266 1274
    • (2008) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.104 , pp. 1266-1274
    • Leon, L.1    Moujir, L.2
  • 35
    • 14744277793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential clindamycin resistance in clindamycin-susceptible, erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Report of a clinical failure
    • T.P. Levin, B. Suh, P. Axelrod, A.L. Truant, and T. Fekete Potential clindamycin resistance in clindamycin-susceptible, erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: report of a clinical failure Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49 2005 1222 1224
    • (2005) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.49 , pp. 1222-1224
    • Levin, T.P.1    Suh, B.2    Axelrod, P.3    Truant, A.L.4    Fekete, T.5
  • 36
    • 54049120957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: Potential applications and implications
    • Q. Li, S. Mahendra, D.Y. Lyon, L. Brunet, M.V. Liga, D. Li, and P.J.J. Alvarez Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications Water Res. 42 2008 4591 4602
    • (2008) Water Res. , vol.42 , pp. 4591-4602
    • Li, Q.1    Mahendra, S.2    Lyon, D.Y.3    Brunet, L.4    Liga, M.V.5    Li, D.6    Alvarez, P.J.J.7
  • 37
    • 0035252008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial action of chitosan and carboxymethylated chitosan
    • X.F. Liu, Y.L. Guan, D.Z. Yang, Z. Li, and K.D. Yao Antibacterial action of chitosan and carboxymethylated chitosan J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79 2001 1324 1335
    • (2001) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 1324-1335
    • Liu, X.F.1    Guan, Y.L.2    Yang, D.Z.3    Li, Z.4    Yao, K.D.5
  • 40
    • 0034022703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +-ATPase activity in the rat brain is mediated through a1A adrenoceptor possibly by dephosphorylation of the enzyme
    • +-ATPase activity in the rat brain is mediated through a1A adrenoceptor possibly by dephosphorylation of the enzyme J. Neurochem. 74 2000 1574 1578
    • (2000) J. Neurochem. , vol.74 , pp. 1574-1578
    • Mallick, B.N.1    Adya, H.V.A.2    Faisal, M.3
  • 42
    • 0002488608 scopus 로고
    • Uses of membrane potential sensitive dyes with bacteria
    • D. Lloyd, Springer London
    • D. Mason, R. Allman, and D. Lloyd Uses of membrane potential sensitive dyes with bacteria D. Lloyd, Flow Cytometry in Microbiology 1993 Springer London 67 82
    • (1993) Flow Cytometry in Microbiology , pp. 67-82
    • Mason, D.1    Allman, R.2    Lloyd, D.3
  • 43
    • 0031821448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycopeptide tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus
    • J. May, K. Shannon, and A. King Glycopeptide tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42 2006 189 197
    • (2006) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.42 , pp. 189-197
    • May, J.1    Shannon, K.2    King, A.3
  • 44
    • 0021061819 scopus 로고
    • Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays
    • T. Mosmann Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays J. Immunol. Methods 65 1983 55 63
    • (1983) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.65 , pp. 55-63
    • Mosmann, T.1
  • 47
    • 0001447255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of gold(III) ions onto chitosan and N-carboxymethyl chitosan: Equilibrium studies
    • W.S.W. Ngah, and K.H. Liang Adsorption of gold(III) ions onto chitosan and N-carboxymethyl chitosan: equilibrium studies Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38 1999 1411 1414
    • (1999) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 1411-1414
    • Ngah, W.S.W.1    Liang, K.H.2
  • 48
    • 84865713894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of chemical antimicrobial agents. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents
    • V.C. Okore Evaluation of chemical antimicrobial agents. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents Pharm. Microbiol. 55 2005 120
    • (2005) Pharm. Microbiol. , vol.55 , pp. 120
    • Okore, V.C.1
  • 50
    • 79952076737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on Staphylococcus aureus
    • 10.1088/0957-4484/22/13/135101 9 pp.
    • M. Potara, E. Jakab, A. Damert, O. Popescu, V. Canpean, and S. Astilean Synergistic antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites on Staphylococcus aureus Nanotechnology 22 2011 135101 10.1088/0957-4484/22/13/ 135101 9 pp.
    • (2011) Nanotechnology , vol.22 , pp. 135101
    • Potara, M.1    Jakab, E.2    Damert, A.3    Popescu, O.4    Canpean, V.5    Astilean, S.6
  • 51
    • 7044229930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles
    • L. Qi, Z. Xu, X. Jiang, C. Hu, and X. Zou Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles Carbohydr. Res. 339 2004 2693 2700
    • (2004) Carbohydr. Res. , vol.339 , pp. 2693-2700
    • Qi, L.1    Xu, Z.2    Jiang, X.3    Hu, C.4    Zou, X.5
  • 53
    • 77955389767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial activity and their application in antimicrobial coatings
    • A. Rai, A. Prabhune, and C.C. Perry Antibiotic mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial activity and their application in antimicrobial coatings J. Mater. Chem. 20 2010 6789 6798
    • (2010) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.20 , pp. 6789-6798
    • Rai, A.1    Prabhune, A.2    Perry, C.C.3
  • 54
    • 0025675921 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the target sites and mechanisms of action of glycopeptide and lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotics
    • P. Reynolds, and E. Somner Comparison of the target sites and mechanisms of action of glycopeptide and lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotics Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 16 1990 385 389
    • (1990) Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 385-389
    • Reynolds, P.1    Somner, E.2
  • 55
    • 0033103259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antifungal properties of chitosan in laboratory media and apple juice
    • S. Roller, and N. Covill The antifungal properties of chitosan in laboratory media and apple juice Int. J. Food Microbiol. 47 1999 67 77
    • (1999) Int. J. Food Microbiol. , vol.47 , pp. 67-77
    • Roller, S.1    Covill, N.2
  • 56
    • 0032958073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral gene delivery with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy
    • K. Roy, H.Q. Mao, S.K. Huang, and K.W. Leong Oral gene delivery with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy Nat. Med. 5 1999 387 391
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 387-391
    • Roy, K.1    Mao, H.Q.2    Huang, S.K.3    Leong, K.W.4
  • 57
    • 0030581092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential use of receptor-mediated endocytosis for oral drug delivery
    • G.J. Russell-Jones The potential use of receptor-mediated endocytosis for oral drug delivery Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 20 1996 83 97
    • (1996) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 83-97
    • Russell-Jones, G.J.1
  • 58
    • 38349049171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Kolkata (South Asia)
    • B. Saha, A.K. Singh, A. Ghosh, and M. Bal Identification and characterization of a vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Kolkata (South Asia) J. Med. Microbiol. 57 2008 72 79
    • (2008) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.57 , pp. 72-79
    • Saha, B.1    Singh, A.K.2    Ghosh, A.3    Bal, M.4
  • 59
    • 49849083969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the efficacy of erythromycin in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens
    • S. Saha, P.B. Savage, and M. Bal Enhancement of the efficacy of erythromycin in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens J. Appl. Microbiol. 105 2008 822 828
    • (2008) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.105 , pp. 822-828
    • Saha, S.1    Savage, P.B.2    Bal, M.3
  • 62
    • 0033516654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivated pbp4 in highly glycopeptide-resistant laboratory mutants of Staphylococcus aureus
    • K. Sieradzki, M.G. Pinho, and A. Tomasz Inactivated pbp4 in highly glycopeptide-resistant laboratory mutants of Staphylococcus aureus J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 18942 18946
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 18942-18946
    • Sieradzki, K.1    Pinho, M.G.2    Tomasz, A.3
  • 63
    • 0030581086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrier-mediated approaches for oral drug delivery
    • I. Tamai, and A. Tsuji Carrier-mediated approaches for oral drug delivery Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 20 1996 5 32
    • (1996) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 5-32
    • Tamai, I.1    Tsuji, A.2
  • 65
    • 0346093702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal complexation by chitosan and its derivatives: A review
    • A.J. Varma, S.V. Deshpande, and J.F. Kennedy Metal complexation by chitosan and its derivatives: a review Carbohydr. Polym. 55 2004 77 93
    • (2004) Carbohydr. Polym. , vol.55 , pp. 77-93
    • Varma, A.J.1    Deshpande, S.V.2    Kennedy, J.F.3
  • 66
    • 24144435354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive therapy with ceftobiprole medocaril of experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • P. Vaudaux, A. Gjinovci, M. Bento, D. Li, J. Schrenzel, and P.D. Lew Intensive therapy with ceftobiprole medocaril of experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49 2005 3789 3793
    • (2005) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.49 , pp. 3789-3793
    • Vaudaux, P.1    Gjinovci, A.2    Bento, M.3    Li, D.4    Schrenzel, J.5    Lew, P.D.6
  • 67
    • 0033574766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconstructing vancomycin
    • C. Walsh Deconstructing vancomycin Science 284 1999 442 443
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 442-443
    • Walsh, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.