Carriage of Clostridium difficile in outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 61, Issue PART 9, 2012, Pages 1290-1294

  Clayton, Evelyn M ^a,b   Rea, Mary C ^a,b   Shanahan, Fergus ^b,c   Quigley, Eamonn M M ^b,c   Kiely, Barry ^d   Paul Ross, R ^a,b   Hill, Colin ^b,c  

^a TEAGASC FOOD RESEARCH CENTRE   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^d ALIMENTARY HEALTH LTD   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRRITABLE COLON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OUTPATIENT; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE; CARRIER STATE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM INFECTIONS; ELECTROPHORESIS, GEL, PULSED-FIELD; FEMALE; HUMANS; IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; RIBOTYPING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84865176425     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.040568-0     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Barbut, F., Mastrantonio, P., Delmée, M., Brazier, J., Kuijper, E., Poxton, I. & European Study Group on Clostridium difficile ESGCD (2007). Prospective study of Clostridium difficile infections in Europe with phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 13, 1048-1057.
2. Borody, T. J., George, L., Andrews, P., Brandl, S., Noonan, S., Cole, P., Hyland, L., Morgan, A., Maysey, J. & Moore-Jones, D. (1989). Bowel-flora alteration: a potential cure for inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome? Med J Aust 150, 604.
3. Braun, V., Hundsberger, T., Leukel, P., Sauerborn, M. & von Eichel-Streiber, C. (1996). Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile. Gene 181, 29-38.
4. Carter, G. P., Lyras, D., Allen, D. L., Mackin, K. E., Howarth, P. M., O'Connor, J. R. & Rood, J. I. (2007). Binary toxin production in Clostridium difficile is regulated by CdtR, a LytTR family response regulator. J Bacteriol 189, 7290-7301.
5. Cartwright, C. P., Stock, F., Beekmann, S. E., Williams, E. C. & Gill, V. J. (1995). PCR amplification of rRNA intergenic spacer regions as a method for epidemiologic typing of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol 33, 184-187.
6. Clayton, E. M., Rea, M. C., Shanahan, F., Quigley, E. M., Kiely, B., Hill, C. & Ross, R. P. (2009). The vexed relationship between Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease: an assessment of carriage in an outpatient setting among patients in remission. Am J Gastroenterol 104, 1162-1169.
7. Curry, S. R., Marsh, J. W., Muto, C. A., O'Leary, M. M., Pasculle, A. W. & Harrison, L. H. (2007). tcdC genotypes associated with severe TcdC truncation in an epidemic clone and other strains of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol 45, 215-221.
8. Drossman, D. A., Camilleri, M., Mayer, E. A. & Whitehead, W. E. (2002). AGA technical review on irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 123, 2108-2131.
9. Drudy, D., Quinn, T., O'Mahony, R., Kyne, L., O'Gaora, P. & Fanning, S. (2006). High-level resistance to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin associated with a novel mutation in gyrB in toxin-A-negative, toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother 58, 1264-1267.
10. Geric, B., Rupnik, M., Gerding, D. N., Grabnar, M. & Johnson, S. (2004). Distribution of Clostridium difficile variant toxinotypes and strains with binary toxin genes among clinical isolates in an American hospital. J Med Microbiol 53, 887-894.
11. Jamal, W. Y., Mokaddas, E. M., Verghese, T. L. & Rotimi, V. O. (2002). In vitro activity of 15 antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents 20, 270-274.
12. John, R. & Brazier, J. S. (2005). Antimicrobial susceptibility of polymerase chain reaction ribotypes of Clostridium difficile commonly isolated from symptomatic hospital patients in the UK. J Hosp Infect 61, 11-14.
13. Kassinen, A., Krogius-Kurikka, L., Mäkivuokko, H., Rinttilä, T., Paulin, L., Corander, J., Malinen, E., Apajalahti, J. & Palva, A. (2007). The fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients differs significantly from that of healthy subjects. Gastroenterology 133, 24-33.
14. Lyerly, D. M., Saum, K. E., MacDonald, D. K. & Wilkins, T. D. (1985). Effects of Clostridium difficile toxins given intragastrically to animals. Infect Immun 47, 349-352.
15. Malinen, E., Rinttilä, T., Kajander, K., Mättö, J., Kassinen, A., Krogius, L., Saarela, M., Korpela, R. & Palva, A. (2005). Analysis of the fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls with real-time PCR. Am J Gastroenterol 100, 373-382.
16. Mättö, J., Maunuksela, L., Kajander, K., Palva, A., Korpela, R., Kassinen, A. & Saarela, M. (2005). Composition and temporal stability of gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome-a longitudinal study in IBS and control subjects. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 43, 213-222.
17. Parkes, G. C., Brostoff, J., Whelan, K. & Sanderson, J. D. (2008). Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: their role in its pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 103, 1557-1567.
18. Pimentel, M., Chow, E. J. & Lin, H. C. (2000). Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 95, 3503-3506.
19. Pimentel, M., Park, S., Mirocha, J., Kane, S. V. & Kong, Y. (2006). The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 145, 557-563.
20. Popoff, M. R., Rubin, E. J., Gill, D. M. & Boquet, P. (1988). Actinspecific ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by a Clostridium difficile strain. Infect Immun 56, 2299-2306.
21. Quigley, E. M. (2006). Changing face of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 12, 1-5.
22. Quigley, E. M. (2007). Bacterial flora in irritable bowel syndrome: role in pathophysiology, implications for management. J Dig Dis 8, 2-7.
23. Rupnik, M. (2008). Heterogeneity of large clostridial toxins: importance of Clostridium difficile toxinotypes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32, 541-555.
24. Rupnik, M., Avesani, V., Janc, M., von Eichel-Streiber, C. & Delmée, M. (1998). A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36, 2240-2247.
25. Sharara, A. I., Aoun, E., Abdul-Baki, H., Mounzer, R., Sidani, S. & Elhajj, I. (2006). A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of rifaximin in patients with abdominal bloating and flatulence. Am J Gastroenterol 101, 326-333.
26. Simpson, P. J., Stanton, C., Fitzgerald, G. F. & Ross, R. P. (2003). Genomic diversity and relatedness of bifidobacteria isolated from a porcine cecum. J Bacteriol 185, 2571-2581.
27. Spigaglia, P. & Mastrantonio, P. (2002). Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 40, 3470-3475.
28. Spiller, R. C. (2003). Estimating the importance of infection in IBS. Am J Gastroenterol 98, 238-241.
29. Spiller, R. C. (2007). Role of infection in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol 42 (Suppl. 17), 41-47.
30. Stubbs, S. L., Brazier, J. S., O'Neill, G. L. & Duerden, B. I. (1999). PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes. J Clin Microbiol 37, 461-463.
31. Stubbs, S., Rupnik, M., Gibert, M., Brazier, J., Duerden, B. & Popoff, M. (2000). Production of actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase (binary toxin) by strains of Clostridium difficile. FEMS Microbiol Lett 186, 307-312.
32. Wilcox, M. (2010). Clostridium difficile ribotyping network (CDRN) for England and Northern Ireland (2009/2010).