The state of state repression research since the 1990s

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 619-634

  Davenport, Christian ^a   Inman, Molly ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Contentious politics; Human rights; Human rights violation; Political dissent; Political repression; Political violence; State repression; State sponsored violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864946266     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: 15561836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2012.700619     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. E.g. Christian Davenport, "Multi-dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: An Inquiry Into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions," American Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (1995): 683-713.
2. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order," Annual Review of Political Science 10, no. 1 (2007): 1-23
3. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Scott Sigmund
4. Gartner and Patrick M. Regan, "Threat and Repression: The Non-Linear Relationship between Government and Opposition Violence," Journal of Peace Research 33, no. 3 (1996): 273-287.
5. Oona A. Hathaway, "Why Do Countries Commit to Human Rights Treaties?," Journal of Conflict Resolution 51, no. 4 (2007): 588-621.
6. Emilie M. Hafner-Burton, "Right or Robust? The Sensitive Nature of Repression to Globalization," Journal of Peace Research 42, no. 6 (November 2005): 679-698.
7. Steven C. Poe and C. Neal Tate, "Repression of Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: A Global Analysis," American Political Science Review 88, no. 4 (December 1994): 853-872.
8. Linda Camp Keith, "Constitutional Provisions for Individual Human Rights (1977-1996): Are They More than Mere 'Window Dressing?'," Political Research Quarterly 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 111-143.
9. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, George Downs, Alastair Smith, Feryal Marie Cherif, "Thinking Inside the Box: A Closer Look at Democracy and Human Rights," International Studies Quarterly 49, no. 3 (2005): 439-458;
10. Davenport and David A. Armstrong, "Democracy and the Violation of Human Rights: A Statistical Analysis from 1976 to 1996," American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 3 (July 2004): 538-554.
11. David L. Richards, "Perilous Proxy: Human Rights and the Presence of National Elections," Social Science Quarterly 80, no. 4 (December 1999): 648-665.
12. David L. Richards and Ronald D. Gelleny, "Good Things to Those Who Wait? National Elections and Government Respect for Human Rights," Journal of Peace Research 44, no. 4 (July 2007): 505-523.
13. Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965).
14. Dallin and G. W. Breslauer, Political Terror in Communist Systems (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1970).
15. E. V. Walter, Terror and Resistance: A Study of Political Violence with Case Studies of Some Primitive African Communities (London: Oxford University Press, 1972).
16. Charles Tilly, From Mobilization to Revolution (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1978).
17. Eduard A. Ziegenhagen, The Regulation of Political Conflict (New York: Praeger, 1986)
18. Mark I. Lichbach, "Deterrence or escalation? The Puzzle of Aggregate Studies of Repression and Dissent," The Journal of Conflict Resolution 31, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 266-297.
19. Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, "Modernization," World Politics 49, no. 2 (1997): 155-183.
20. Emmanuel Teitelbaum, "Can a Developing Democracy Benefit from Labour Repression? Evidence from Sri Lanka," Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 5 (2007): 830-855.
21. Emmanuel Teitelbaum, Mobilizing Restraint: Democracy and Industrial Conflict in Post-Reform South Asia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011).
22. Will H. Moore, "Repression and Dissent: Substitution, Context, and Timing," American Journal of Political Science 42, no. 3 (1998): 581-873.
23. For example Walter (see note 2 above)
24. Dallin and Breslauer (see note 2 above)
25. Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America from 1870 to 1976, 1st ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978).
26. Jennifer Earl, "Tanks, Tear Gas, and Taxes: Toward a Theory of Movement Repression," Sociological Theory 21, no. 1 (2003): 44-68.
27. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
28. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
29. Ibid., 4.
30. David Cunningham and Barb Browning, "The Emergence of Worthy Targets: Official Frames and Deviance Narratives within the FBI," Sociological Forum 19, no. 3 (2004): 347-369
31. Denis O'Hearn, "Repression and Solidary Cultures of Resistance: Irish Political Prisoners on Protest," American Journal of Sociology 115, no. 2 (2009): 491-526
32. Jenny Irons, "Constructing the Knowledge of Repression: Organizational, Institutional, and Cultural Factors that Shape Covert State-level Repression" (paper presented at the American Sociological Association conference, Montreal, August, 2006).
33. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
34. Davenport, "Multi-dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: An Inquiry into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions," (see note 1 above)
35. Gartnerand Regan.(see note 1 above)
36. Sabine C. Carey, "The Use of Repression as a Response to Domestic Dissent," Political Studies 58, no. 1 (2010): 167-186.
37. Hathaway (see note 1 above)
38. Hafner-Burton (see note 1 above)
39. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
40. Poe and Tate (see note 1 above)
41. Davenport, "Multi-dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: An Inquiry Into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions" (see note 1 above)
42. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above)
43. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above)
44. Keith (see note 1 above).
45. In this regard, repression scholars are in the same boat as civil war researchers (e.g., Nicholas Sambanis, "What Is Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition," Journal of Conflict Resolution 48, no. 6 (2004): 814-858).
46. E.g., Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: Wiley, 1973).
47. Ziegenhagen (see note 2 above)
48. Neil J. Mitchell and James M. McCormick, "Economic and Political Explanations of Human Rights Violations," World Politics 40, no. 4 (1988): 476-498.
49. Conway W. Henderson, "Conditions Affecting the Use of Political Repression," Journal of Conflict Resolution 35, no. 1 (March 1991): 120-142.
50. Poe and Tate (see note 1 above)
51. Davenport, "Multi-dimensional Threat Perception" (see note 1 above).
52. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above)
53. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above)
54. Richards (see note 1 above)
55. Keith (see note 1 above)
56. Bueno de Mesquita et al. (see note 1 above).
57. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above).
58. Davenport and Armstrong (see note 1 above), 538.
59. E.g., Christian Davenport, "Human Rights and the Democratic Proposition," Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, no. 1 (1999): 92-117.
60. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above)
61. Richards (see note 1 above)
62. Richards and Gelleny (see note 1 above)
63. Bueno de Mesquita et al. (see note 1 above)
64. Keith (see note 1 above)
65. Davenport, "Regimes, Repertoires and State Repression," Swiss Political Science Review 15, no. 2 (2009): 377-385.
66. Lichbach (see note 2 above).
67. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
68. This significantly deviates from the strategy advocated by Tilly (see note 2 above) nearly thirty years ago.
69. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above).
70. Paul M. Sniderman et al., The Clash of Rights: Liberty, Equality and Legitimacy in Pluralist Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
71. Darren W. Davis and Brian D. Silver, "Civil Liberties vs. Security: Public Opinion in the Context of the Terrorist Attacks on America," American Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (2004): 28-46.
72. James L. Gibson, "Enigmas of Intolerance: Fifty years after Stouffer's communism, conformity, and civil liberties," Perspectives on Politics 4, no. 1 (2006): 21-34.
73. Christopher J. Anderson, Patrick M. Regan, and Robert L. Ostergard, "Political Repression and Public Perceptions of Human Rights," Political Research Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2002): 439-456.
74. Darren W. Davis, Negative Liberty: Public Opinion and the Terrorist Attacks on America (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).
75. James L. Gibson, "Intolerance and Political Repression in the United States: A Half Century after McCarthyism," American Journal of Political Science 52, no. 1 (2008): 96-108.
76. Ibid., 107.
77. E.g., Hibbs (see note 14 above).
78. Ziegenhagen (see note 2 above).
79. Ronald A. Francisco, "The Relationship between Coercion and Protest: An Empirical Evaluation in Three Coercive States," Journal of Conflict Resolution 39, no. 2 (1995): 263-282.
80. Karen Rasler, "Concessions, Repression, and Political Protest in the Iranian Revolution," American Sociological Review 61, no. 1 (1996): 132-152.
81. Moore (see note 4 above).
82. Moore, "The Repression of Dissent," Journal of Conflict Resolution 44, no. 1 (February 2000): 107-128.
83. Sabine C. Carey, "The Dynamic Relationship between Protest and Repression," Political Research Quarterly 59, no. 1 (2006): 1-11.
84. Stephen Shellman, "Leaders' Motivations and Actions: Explaining Government- Dissident Conflict-Cooperation Processes," Conflict Management and Peace Science 23, no. 1 (2006): 73-90.
85. Shellman, "Process Matters: Conflict and Cooperation in Sequential Government-Dissident Interactions," Security Studies 15, no. 4 (2006): 563-599.
86. Olson (see note 2 above)
87. Lichbach (see note 2 above).
88. Shellman, "Process Matters" (see note 27 above).
89. Francisco (see note 27 above).
90. Marwan Khawaja, "Repression and Popular Collective Action: Evidence from the West Bank," Sociological Forum 8, no. 1 (1993): 47-71.
91. J. Olivier, "State Repression and Collective Action in South Africa, 1970-84," South African Journal of Sociology 22, no. 4 (1991): 109-117.
92. Mark Irving Lichbach and Ted Robert Gurr, "The Conflict Process," Journal of Conflict Resolution 25, no. 1 (1981): 3-29.
93. Ziegenhagen (see note 2 above).
94. Dominic M. Beggan, "Understanding Insurgency Violence: A Quantitative Analysis of the Political Violence in Northern Ireland 1969-1999," Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 32, no. 8 (2009): 705-725.
95. Rasler (see note 27 above).
96. Moore (see note 4 above).
97. Tor G. Jakobsen and Indra De Soysa, "Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death! State Repression, Ethnic Grievance and Civil War, 1981-2004," Civil Wars 11, no. 2 (2009): 137-157.
98. Ted Robert Gurr and Will Moore, "Ethnopolitical Rebellion: A cross-sectional analysis of the 1980s with risk assessments for the 1990s," American Journal of Political Science (1997): 1079-1103.
99. E.g., Lichbach (see note 2 above).
100. E.g., Moore (see note 4 above).
101. Paul Y. Chang, "Unintended Consequences of Repression: Alliance Formation in South Korea's Democracy Movement (1970-1979)," Social Forces 87, no. 2 (2008): 651-677.
102. Karl-Dieter Opp, "Repression and Revolutionary Action: East Germany in 1989," Rationality & Society 6, no. 1 (1994): 101-138.
103. Stathis N. Kalyvas and Matthew Adam Kocher, "How 'Free' Is Free Riding in Civil Wars? Violence, Insurgency, and the Collective Action Problem," World Politics 59, no. 2 (2007): 177-216.
104. Thomas V. Maher, "Threat, Resistance, and Collective Action: The Cases of Sobibór, Treblinka, and Auschwitz," American Sociological Review 75, no. 2 (2010): 252-272.
105. Gilda Zwerman, Patricia G. Steinhoff, and Donatella Della Porta, "Disappearing Social Movements: Clandestinity in the Cycle of New Left Protest in the U.S., Japan, Germany, and Italy," Mobilization 5, no. 1 (2000): 85-104.
106. Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).
107. Ibid., 84.
108. Ibid., 88.
109. Gabriel Ondetti, "Repression, Opportunity, and Protest: Explaining the Takeoff of Brazil's Landless Movement," Latin American Politics & Society 48, no. 2 (2006): 61-94.
110. Ibid., 84.
111. Moore, "Repression and Dissent" (see note 4 above)
112. Moore, "The Repression of Dissent," (see note 27 above).
113. Paul D. Almeida, "Opportunity Organizations and Threat-Induced Contention: Protest Waves in Authoritarian Settings," American Journal of Sociology 109, no. 2 (2003): 345-400.
114. Michael S. Stohl, "Counterterrorism and Repression," in L. Richardson and P. Neumann. eds., The Roots of Terrorism (London: Routledge, 2006), 57-69.
115. E.g., Hibbs (see note 14 above)
116. Poe and Tate (see note 1 above)
117. Davenport, "Multi-dimensional Threat Perception" (see note 1 above)
118. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above). Earlier literature on state terror did make these distinctions but this line of inquiry was essentially dropped (e.g., P. T. Bushnell, State Organized Terror: The Case of Violent Internal Repression (New York: Westview Press, 1991)).
119. Jeffrey Ian Ross and Gurr, "Why Terrorism Subsides: A Comparative Study of Canada and the United States," Comparative Politics 21, no. 4 (1989): 405-426.
120. Stohl (see note 46 above), 63.
121. E.g., Lichbach (see note 2 above)
122. Moore (see note 27 above).
123. T. David Mason and Dale A. Krane, "The Political Economy of Death Squads: Toward a Theory of the Impact of State-Sanctioned Terror," International Studies Quarterly 33, no. 2 (1989): 175-198.
124. Victor Asal, Anthony F. Lemieux, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld, An Experimental Investigation of the Choice of Terror and Support for Taking Action (START Research Brief) (College Park: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, 2008).
125. Clark McCauley, Pathways Toward Radicalization, Research Brief (College Park, MD: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, 2008.) Available at: http://www.start.umd.edu/start/publications/research_briefs/2008Oct_Mc-Cauley_pathradicalization.pdf (accessed March 30, 2009).
126. Bueno de Mesquita et al. (see note 1 above).
127. Robert Anthony Pape, Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (New York: Random House, 2006).
128. Walter Enders and Todd Sandler, The Political Economy of Terrorism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
129. Enders and Sandler (see note 55 above), 37.
130. Bueno de Mesquita et al. (see note 1 above).
131. Barbara F. Walter, "Building Reputation: Why Governments Fight Some Separatists but Not Others," American Journal of Political Science 50, no. 2 (2006): 313-330.
132. Davenport, State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace (see note 1 above).
133. Mason and Krane (see note 51 above).
134. James D. Fearon and David D. Laitin, "Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War," American Political Science Review 97, no. 1 (2003): 75-90, 80.
135. Stathis N. Kalyvas, "The Ontology of 'Political Violence': Action and Identity in Civil Wars," Perspectives on Politics 1, no. 3 (2003): 475-494.
136. Ibid., 115.
137. Jason Lyall and Isaiah Wilson, "Rage against the Machines: Explaining Outcomes in Counterinsurgency Wars," International Organization 63, no. 1 (2009): 67-106.
138. Davenport, "State Repression and Political Order" (see note 1 above).
139. Valentino, Benjamin, Paul Huth, and Dylan Balch-Lindsay, " 'Draining the Sea': Mass Killing and Guerrilla Warfare," International Organization 58, no. 2 (2004): 375-407.