메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 648-665

Perilous proxy: Human rights and the presence of national elections

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033482424     PISSN: 00384941     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (53)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0009385901 scopus 로고
    • Political rights and political liberties in nations: An evaluation of human rights measures, 1950-1984
    • Thomas B. Jabine and Richard P. Claude, eds., Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
    • Bollen, Kenneth. 1992. "Political Rights and Political Liberties in Nations: An Evaluation of Human Rights Measures, 1950-1984." Pp. 188-215 in Thomas B. Jabine and Richard P. Claude, eds., Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    • (1992) Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight , pp. 188-215
    • Bollen, K.1
  • 2
    • 85050847616 scopus 로고
    • Liberal democracy: Validity and method factors in cross-national measures
    • _. 1993. "Liberal Democracy: Validity and Method Factors in Cross-National Measures." American Journal of Political Science 37:1207-30.
    • (1993) American Journal of Political Science , vol.37 , pp. 1207-1230
  • 3
    • 84934563960 scopus 로고
    • The foreign policy of human rights: Rhetoric and reality from Jimmy Carter to Ronald Reagan
    • Carleton, David, and Michael Stohl. 1985. "The Foreign Policy of Human Rights: Rhetoric and Reality from Jimmy Carter to Ronald Reagan." Human Rights Quarterly 7:205-29.
    • (1985) Human Rights Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 205-229
    • Carleton, D.1    Stohl, M.2
  • 4
    • 84928460713 scopus 로고
    • The role of human rights in U.S. foreign assistance policy
    • _. 1987. "The Role of Human Rights in U.S. Foreign Assistance Policy." American Journal of Political Science 31:1002-18.
    • (1987) American Journal of Political Science , vol.31 , pp. 1002-1018
  • 5
    • 0002055438 scopus 로고
    • Electoral participation
    • David Butler, Howard R. Penniman, and Austin Ranney, eds., Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
    • Crewe, Ivor. 1981. "Electoral Participation." Pp. 216-63 in David Butler, Howard R. Penniman, and Austin Ranney, eds., Democracy at the Polls: A Comparative Study of Competitive National Elections. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
    • (1981) Democracy at the Polls: A Comparative Study of Competitive National Elections , pp. 216-263
    • Crewe, I.1
  • 6
    • 84935594342 scopus 로고
    • New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press
    • Dahl, Robert. 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
    • (1989) Democracy and Its Critics
    • Dahl, R.1
  • 9
    • 0009426220 scopus 로고
    • The ballot and the bullet: An empirical assessment of the relationship between national elections and state repression
    • Chicago
    • _. 1995. "The Ballot and the Bullet: An Empirical Assessment of the Relationship between National Elections and State Repression." Presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago.
    • (1995) American Political Science Association Annual Meeting
  • 11
    • 1842484076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the third wave over?
    • Diamond, Larry. 1996. "Is the Third Wave Over?" Journal of Democracy 7:20-37.
    • (1996) Journal of Democracy , vol.7 , pp. 20-37
    • Diamond, L.1
  • 12
    • 0001878298 scopus 로고
    • Romania, 1919-1938
    • Myron Wiener and Ergun Ozbudun, eds., Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press
    • Dogan, Mattei. 1987. "Romania, 1919-1938." Pp. 369-89 in Myron Wiener and Ergun Ozbudun, eds., Competitive Elections in Developing Countries. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
    • (1987) Competitive Elections in Developing Countries , pp. 369-389
    • Dogan, M.1
  • 13
    • 0004213898 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
    • Dworkin, Ronald. 1977. Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    • (1977) Taking Rights Seriously
    • Dworkin, R.1
  • 14
    • 84928846832 scopus 로고
    • Elections, democracy, and human rights: Toward union
    • Farer, Tom J. 1989. "Elections, Democracy, and Human Rights: Toward Union." Human Rights Quarterly 11:504-21.
    • (1989) Human Rights Quarterly , vol.11 , pp. 504-521
    • Farer, T.J.1
  • 15
    • 61449152708 scopus 로고
    • More murder in the middle: Life integrity violations and democracy in the world, 1987
    • Fein, Helen. 1995. "More Murder in the Middle: Life Integrity Violations and Democracy in the World, 1987." Human Rights Quarterly 17:170-91.
    • (1995) Human Rights Quarterly , vol.17 , pp. 170-191
    • Fein, H.1
  • 16
    • 0000287750 scopus 로고
    • In defense of multiplicative terms in multiple regression equations
    • Friedrich, Robert J. 1982. "In Defense of Multiplicative Terms in Multiple Regression Equations." American Journal of Political Science 26:797-833.
    • (1982) American Journal of Political Science , vol.26 , pp. 797-833
    • Friedrich, R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0001890235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The political terror scale
    • David L. Cingranelli, ed., Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press
    • Gibney, Mark, and Matthew Dalton. 1996. "The Political Terror Scale." Pp. 73-84 in David L. Cingranelli, ed., Human Rights and Developing Countries. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
    • (1996) Human Rights and Developing Countries , pp. 73-84
    • Gibney, M.1    Dalton, M.2
  • 20
    • 84970127035 scopus 로고
    • Conditions affecting the use of political repression
    • Henderson, Conway. 1991. "Conditions Affecting the Use of Political Repression." Journal of Conflict Resolution 35:120-42.
    • (1991) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.35 , pp. 120-142
    • Henderson, C.1
  • 23
    • 0000043113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democratic institutions and human rights
    • David L. Cingranelli, ed., Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press
    • Hofferbert, Richard I., and David L. Cingranelli. 1996. "Democratic Institutions and Human Rights." Pp. 145-59 in David L. Cingranelli, ed., Human Rights and Developing Countries. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
    • (1996) Human Rights and Developing Countries , pp. 145-159
    • Hofferbert, R.I.1    Cingranelli, D.L.2
  • 24
    • 0004482093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After twenty years: The future of the third wave
    • Huntington, Samuel P. 1997. "After Twenty Years: The Future of the Third Wave." Journal of Democracy 8:3-12.
    • (1997) Journal of Democracy , vol.8 , pp. 3-12
    • Huntington, S.P.1
  • 25
    • 0009369064 scopus 로고
    • London: Search Press
    • International Commission of Jurists. 1978. Human Rights in a One-Party State. London: Search Press.
    • (1978) Human Rights in a One-Party State
  • 27
    • 84936527047 scopus 로고
    • Dilemmas of democratization in Latin America
    • Karl, Terry Lynn. 1990. "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America." Comparative Politics 23:1-21.
    • (1990) Comparative Politics , vol.23 , pp. 1-21
    • Karl, T.L.1
  • 29
    • 0001675788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy first
    • Kupchan, Charles A. 1998. "Democracy First." Foreign Affairs 77:122-25.
    • (1998) Foreign Affairs , vol.77 , pp. 122-125
    • Kupchan, C.A.1
  • 31
    • 0004160868 scopus 로고
    • Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press
    • Lenski, Gerhard E., 1966. Power and Privilege. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
    • (1966) Power and Privilege
    • Lenski, G.E.1
  • 32
    • 0001671029 scopus 로고
    • Constitutional choices for new democracies
    • Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Lijphart, Arend. 1993. "Constitutional Choices for New Democracies." Pp. 146-58 in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
    • (1993) The Global Resurgence of Democracy , pp. 146-158
    • Lijphart, A.1
  • 35
    • 0002621571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of political terror in the developing world
    • David L. Cingranelli, ed., Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press
    • McCann, James A., and Mark Gibney. 1996. "An Overview of Political Terror in the Developing World." Pp. 15-27 in David L. Cingranelli, ed., Human Rights and Developing Countries. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
    • (1996) Human Rights and Developing Countries , pp. 15-27
    • McCann, J.A.1    Gibney, M.2
  • 37
    • 0031413807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human rights violations, umbrella concepts, and empirical analysis
    • McCormick, James M., and Neil J. Mitchell. 1997. "Human Rights Violations, Umbrella Concepts, and Empirical Analysis." World Politics 49:510-25.
    • (1997) World Politics , vol.49 , pp. 510-525
    • McCormick, J.M.1    Mitchell, N.J.2
  • 38
    • 0001371555 scopus 로고
    • Considerations on representative government
    • Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
    • Mill, John Stuart. [1861] 1991. "Considerations on Representative Government." In On Liberty and Other Essays. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    • (1861) On Liberty and Other Essays
    • Mill, J.S.1
  • 41
    • 85048093643 scopus 로고
    • Democracy and Ralph's pretty good grocery: Elections, equality, and minimal human being
    • Mueller, John. 1992. "Democracy and Ralph's Pretty Good Grocery: Elections, Equality, and Minimal Human Being." American Journal of Political Science 36:983-1003.
    • (1992) American Journal of Political Science , vol.36 , pp. 983-1003
    • Mueller, J.1
  • 42
    • 84937180169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Election realities
    • Pilon, Juliana Geran. 1998. "Election Realities." Foreign Affairs 77:125-26.
    • (1998) Foreign Affairs , vol.77 , pp. 125-126
    • Pilon, J.G.1
  • 43
    • 84970306311 scopus 로고
    • Human rights and the allocation of U.S. military assistance
    • Poe, Steven C. 1991. "Human Rights and the Allocation of U.S. Military Assistance." Journal of Peace Research 28:205-16.
    • (1991) Journal of Peace Research , vol.28 , pp. 205-216
    • Poe, S.C.1
  • 44
    • 84917078727 scopus 로고
    • Human rights and economic aid under Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter
    • _. 1992. "Human Rights and Economic Aid under Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter." American Journal of Political Science 36:147-67.
    • (1992) American Journal of Political Science , vol.36 , pp. 147-167
  • 45
    • 84974252567 scopus 로고
    • Repression of human rights to personal integrity in the 1980s: A global analysis
    • Poe, Steven C., and C. Neal Tate. 1994. "Repression of Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: A Global Analysis." American Political Science Review 88:853-72.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , pp. 853-872
    • Poe, S.C.1    Tate, C.N.2
  • 48
    • 0004048289 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
    • Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
    • (1971) A Theory of Justice
    • Rawls, J.1
  • 54
    • 0009330899 scopus 로고
    • Political participation as a human right
    • United Nations, ed., New York: United Nations
    • Steiner, Henry. 1988. "Political Participation as a Human Right." In United Nations, ed., Harvard Human Rights Yearbook. New York: United Nations.
    • (1988) Harvard Human Rights Yearbook
    • Steiner, H.1
  • 56
    • 84936027856 scopus 로고
    • Regression in time and space: A statistical essay
    • Stimson, James. 1985. "Regression in Time and Space: A Statistical Essay." American Journal of Political Science 29:914-47.
    • (1985) American Journal of Political Science , vol.29 , pp. 914-947
    • Stimson, J.1
  • 57
    • 84965431160 scopus 로고
    • Human rights and U.S. foreign assistance: From Nixon to Carter
    • Stohl, Michael, David Carleton, and Steven E. Johnson. 1984. "Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Assistance: From Nixon to Carter." Journal of Peace Research 21:215-26.
    • (1984) Journal of Peace Research , vol.21 , pp. 215-226
    • Stohl, M.1    Carleton, D.2    Johnson, S.E.3
  • 58
    • 0038463126 scopus 로고
    • State violation of human rights: Issues and problems of measurement
    • Stohl, Michael, David Carleton, George Lopez, and Stephen Samuels. 1986. "State Violation of Human Rights: Issues and Problems of Measurement." Human Rights Quarterly 8:592-606.
    • (1986) Human Rights Quarterly , vol.8 , pp. 592-606
    • Stohl, M.1    Carleton, D.2    Lopez, G.3    Samuels, S.4
  • 63
    • 0004616144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise of illiberal democracy
    • Zakaria, Fareed. 1997. "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy." Foreign Affairs 76:22-43.
    • (1997) Foreign Affairs , vol.76 , pp. 22-43
    • Zakaria, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.