Neuromonitoring after major neurosurgical procedures

Minerva Anestesiologica

Volumn 78, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 810-822

  Messerer, M ^a   Daniel, R T ^a   Oddo, M ^a  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Brain injuries; Cerebrovascular circulation; Critical care; Electroencephalography; Intracranial pressure; Microdialysis

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLYCEROL; LACTIC ACID; PYRUVIC ACID;

BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN PERFUSION; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MONITORING; JUGULAR VEIN; MICRODIALYSIS; NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NEUROMONITORING; NEUROSURGERY; OXIMETRY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN TENSION; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; OXYGENATION; PERFUSION PRESSURE; REVIEW; STROKE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

BRAIN CHEMISTRY; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; JUGULAR VEINS; MICRODIALYSIS; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; OXIMETRY; OXYGEN; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION;

EID: 84864839503     PISSN: 03759393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Brain Trauma Foundation; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS, Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, McConnell Hammond FF, Harris OA, Hartl R et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VIII Intracranial pressure thresholds. J Neurotrauma 2007;24(Suppl 1):S55-8.
2. Lavinio A, Menon DK. Intracranial pressure: why we monitor it, how to monitor it, what to do with the number and what's the future? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2011;24:117-23.
3. Bremmer R, de Jong BM, Wagemakers M, Regtien JG, van der Naalt J. The course of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: relation with outcome and CT-characteristics. Neurocrit Care 2010;12:362-8.
4. Treggiari MM, Schutz N, Yanez ND, Romand JA. Role of intracranial pressure values and patterns in predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Neurocrit Care 2007;6:104-12.
5. Saul TG, Ducker TB. Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1982;56:498-503.
6. Stein SC, Georgoff P, Meghan S, Mirza KL, El Falaky OM. Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2010;112:1105-12.
7. Forsyth RJ, Wolny S, Rodrigues B. Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD002043.
8. Brain Trauma Foundation; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/ CNS, Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, McConnell Hammond FF, Harris OA, Hartl R et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VII. Intracranial pressure monitoring technology. J Neurotrauma 2007;24(Suppl 1):S45-54.
9. Lundberg N. Monitoring of intracranial pressure. Proc R Soc Med 1972;65:19-22.
10. Bhatia A, Gupta AK. Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring. Intensive Care Med 2007;33:1263-71.
11. Sorrentino E, Diedler J, Kasprowicz M, Budohoski KP, Haubrich C, Smielewski P et al. Critical thresholds for cerebrovascular reactivity after traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2012;16:258-66.
12. Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Timofeev I, Lavinio A, Guazzo E, Hutchinson P et al. Intracranial pressure: more than a number. Neurosurg Focus 2007;22:E10.
13. Hu X, Glenn T, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Sarkiss C, Martin N et al. Intracranial pressure pulse morphological features improved detection of decreased cerebral blood flow. Physiol Meas 2010;31:679-95.
14. Steiner LA, Czosnyka M, Piechnik SK, Smielewski P, Chatfield D, Menon DK et al. Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity allows determination of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2002;30:733-8.
15. Rasulo FA, Girardini A, Lavinio A, De Peri E, Stefini R, Cenzato M et al. Are optimal cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebrovascular autoregulation related to long-term outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2012;24:3-8.
16. Brandi G, Bechir M, Sailer S, Haberthur C, Stocker R, Stover JF. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography allows to assess cerebral perfusion pressure noninvasively following severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010;152:965-72.
17. Bellner J, Romner B, Reinstrup P, Kristiansson KA, Ryding E, Brandt L. Transcranial Doppler sonography pulsatility index (PI) reflects intracranial pressure (ICP). Surg Neurol 2004;62:45-51; discussion
18. Schmidt EA, Czosnyka M, Gooskens I, Piechnik SK, Matta BF, Whitfield PC et al. Preliminary experience of the estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:198-204.
19. Edouard AR, Vanhille E, Le Moigno S, Benhamou D, Mazoit JX. Non-invasive assessment of cerebral perfusion pressure in brain injured patients with moderate intracranial hypertension. Br J Anaesth 2005;94:216-21.
20. Bouzat P, Francony G, Declety P, Genty C, Kaddour A, Bessou P et al. Transcranial Doppler to screen on admission patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 2011;68:1603-9; discussion 9-10.
21. Kim DJ, Czosnyka Z, Kasprowicz M, Smieleweski P, Baledent O, Guerguerian AM et al. Continuous Monitoring of the Monro-Kellie Doctrine: Is It Possible? J Neurotrauma 2012;29:1354-63.
22. Rajajee V, Vanaman M, Fletcher JJ, Jacobs TL. Optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of raised intracranial pressure. Neurocrit Care 2011;15:506-15.
23. Hemphill JC, 3rd, Smith WS, Sonne DC, Morabito D, Manley GT. Relationship between brain tissue oxygen tension and CT perfusion: feasibility and initial results. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1095-100.
24. Johnston AJ, Steiner LA, Coles JP, Chatfield DA, Fryer TD, Smielewski P et al. Effect of cerebral perfusion pressure augmentation on regional oxygenation and metabolism after head injury. Crit Care Med 2005;33:189-95; discussion 255-7.
25. Rosenthal G, Hemphill JC, 3rd, Sorani M, Martin C, Morabito D, Obrist WD et al. Brain tissue oxygen tension is more indicative of oxygen diffusion than oxygen delivery and metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2008;36:1917-24.
26. Longhi L, Pagan F, Valeriani V, Magnoni S, Zanier ER, Conte V et al. Monitoring brain tissue oxygen tension in brain-injured patients reveals hypoxic episodes in normalappearing and in peri-focal tissue. Intensive Care Med 2007;33:2136-42.
27. van den Brink WA, van Santbrink H, Steyerberg EW, Avezaat CJ, Suazo JA, Hogesteeger C et al. Brain oxygen tension in severe head injury. Neurosurgery 2000;46:868-76; discussion 76-8.
28. Brain Trauma Foundation; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS, Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, McConnell Hammond FF, Harris OA, Hartl R et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. X. Brain oxygen monitoring and thresholds. J Neurotrauma 2007;24(Suppl 1):S65-70.
29. Oddo M, Levine JM, Mackenzie L, Frangos S, Feihl F, Kasner SE et al. Brain hypoxia is associated with short-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury independent of intracranial hypertension and low cerebral perfusion pressure. Neurosurgery 2011;69:1037-45.
30. Maloney-Wilensky E, Gracias V, Itkin A, Hoffman K, Bloom S, Yang W et al. Brain tissue oxygen and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 2009;37:2057-63.
31. Coles JP, Steiner LA, Johnston AJ, Fryer TD, Coleman MR, Smieleweski P et al. Does induced hypertension reduce cerebral ischaemia within the traumatized human brain? Brain 2004;127:2479-90.
32. Muench E, Horn P, Bauhuf C, Roth H, Philipps M, Hermann P et al. Effects of hypervolemia and hypertension on regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1844-51; quiz 52.
33. Radolovich DK, Czosnyka M, Timofeev I, Lavinio A, Kim DJ, Jaeger M et al. Transient changes in brain tissue oxygen in response to modifications of cerebral perfusion pressure: an observational study. Anesth Analg 2010;110:165-73.
34. Diringer MN, Bleck TP, Claude Hemphill J, 3rd, Menon D, Shutter L, Vespa P et al. Critical care management of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recommendations from the Neurocritical Care Society's Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference. Neurocrit Care 2011;15:211-40.
35. Strege RJ, Lang EW, Stark AM, Scheffner H, Fritsch MJ, Barth H et al. Cerebral edema leading to decompressive craniectomy: an assessment of the preceding clinical and neuromonitoring trends. Neurol Res 2003;25:510-5.
36. Leal-Noval SR, Rincon-Ferrari MD, Marin-Niebla A, Cayuela A, Arellano-Orden V, Marín-Caballos A et al. Transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates produces a variable increment on cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:1733-40.
37. Martini RP, Deem S, Yanez ND, Chesnut RM, Weiss NS, Daniel S et al. Management guided by brain tissue oxygen monitoring and outcome following severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2009;111:644-9.
38. Jaeger M, Schuhmann MU, Soehle M, Nagel C, Meixensberger J. Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular autoregulation after subarachnoid hemorrhage by brain tissue oxygen pressure reactivity and its relation to delayed cerebral infarction. Stroke 2007;38:981-6.
39. Radolovich DK, Czosnyka M, Timofeev I, Lavinio A, Hutchinson P, Gupta A et al. Reactivity of brain tissue oxygen to change in cerebral perfusion pressure in head injured patients. Neurocrit Care 2009;10:274-9.
40. Jaeger M, Dengl M, Meixensberger J, Schuhmann MU. Effects of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity-guided optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure on brain tissue oxygenation after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2010;38:1343-7.
41. Bohman LE, Heuer GG, Macyszyn L, Maloney-Wilensky E, Frangos S, Le Roux PD et al. Medical management of compromised brain oxygen in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neurocritical care 2011;14:361-9.
42. Nangunoori R, Maloney-Wilensky E, Stiefel M, Park S, Andrew Kofke W, Levine JM et al. Brain Tissue oxygen-based therapy and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review. Neurocrit Care 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
43. Steiner LA, Andrews PJ. Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 2006;97:26-38.
44. Rosenthal G, Sanchez-Mejia RO, Phan N, Hemphill JC, 3rd, Martin C, Manley GT. Incorporating a parenchymal thermal diffusion cerebral blood flow probe in bedside assessment of cerebral autoregulation and vasoreactivity in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2011;114:62-70.
45. Zweifel C, Castellani G, Czosnyka M, Helmy A, Manktelow A, Carrera E et al. Noninvasive monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity with near infrared spectroscopy in headinjured patients. J Neurotrauma 2010;27:1951-8.
46. Leal-Noval SR, Cayuela A, Arellano-Orden V, Marín-Caballos A, Padilla V, Ferrándiz-Millón C et al. Invasive and noninvasive assessment of cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:1309-17.
47. Diedler J, Zweifel C, Budohoski KP, Kasprowicz M, Sorrentino E, Haubrich C et al. The limitations of near-infrared spectroscopy to assess cerebrovascular reactivity: the role of slow frequency oscillations. Anesth Analg 2011;113:849-57.
48. Zweifel C, Castellani G, Czosnyka M, Carrera E, Brady KM, Kirkpatrick PJ et al. Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation with near-infrared spectroscopy in adults after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2010;41:1963-8.
49. Lysakowski C, Walder B, Costanza MC, Tramer MR. Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: A systematic review. Stroke 2001;32:2292-8.
50. Qureshi AI, Sung GY, Razumovsky AY, Lane K, Straw RN, Ulatowski JA. Early identification of patients at risk for symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2000;28:984-90.
51. Washington CW, Zipfel GJ. Detection and Monitoring of Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: A Review and Assessment of the Literature. Neurocrit Care 2011;15:3127.
52. Rasulo FA, De Peri E, Lavinio A. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in intensive care. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 2008;42:167-73.
53. Radolovich DK, Aries MJ, Castellani G, Corona A, Lavinio A, Smielewski P et al. Pulsatile intracranial pressure and cerebral autoregulation after traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2011;15:379-86.
54. Sorrentino E, Budohoski KP, Kasprowicz M, Smielewski P, Matta B, Pickard JD et al. Critical thresholds for transcranial Doppler indices of cerebral autoregulation in traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2011;14:188-93.
55. Budohoski KP, Zweifel C, Kasprowicz M, Sorrentino E, Diedler J, Brady KM et al. What comes first? The dynamics of cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in response to changes in arterial pressure and intracranial pressure after head injury. Br J Anaesth 2012;108:89-99.
56. Czosnyka M, Brady K, Reinhard M, Smielewski P, Steiner LA. Monitoring of cerebrovascular autoregulation: facts, myths, and missing links. Neurocrit Care 2009;10:373-86.
57. Hillered L, Vespa PM, Hovda DA. Translational neurochemical research in acute human brain injury: the current status and potential future for cerebral microdialysis. J Neurotrauma 2005;22:3-41.
58. Andrews PJ, Citerio G, Longhi L, Polderman K, Sahuquillo J, Vajkoczy P. NICEM consensus on neurological monitoring in acute neurological disease. Intensive Care Med 2008;34:1362-70.
59. Poca MA, Sahuquillo J, Vilalta A, de los Rios J, Robles A, Exposito L. Percutaneous implantation of cerebral microdialysis catheters by twist-drill craniostomy in neurocritical patients: description of the technique and results of a feasibility study in 97 patients. J Neurotrauma 2006;23:1510-7.
60. Timofeev I, Czosnyka M, Carpenter KL, Nortje J, Kirkpatrick PJ, Al-Rawi PG et al. Interaction between brain chemistry and physiology after traumatic brain injury: impact of autoregulation and microdialysis catheter location. J Neurotrauma 2011;28:849-60.
61. Goodman JC, Robertson CS. Microdialysis: is it ready for prime time? Curr Opin Crit Care 2009;15:110-7.
62. Sarrafzadeh A, Haux D, Sakowitz O, Benndorf G, Herzog H, Kuechler I et al. Acute focal neurological deficits in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: relation of clinical course, CT findings, and metabolite abnormalities monitored with bedside microdialysis. Stroke 2003;34:1382-8.
63. Meierhans R, Bechir M, Ludwig S, Sommerfeld J, Brandi G, Haberthür C et al. Brain metabolism is significantly impaired at blood glucose below 6 mM and brain glucose below 1 mM in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care 2010;14:R13.
64. Oddo M, Schmidt JM, Carrera E, Badjatia N, Connolly ES, Presciutti M et al. Impact of tight glycemic control on cerebral glucose metabolism after severe brain injury: a microdialysis study. Crit Care Med 2008;36:3233-8.
65. Vespa P, Boonyaputthikul R, McArthur DL, Miller C, Etchepare M, Bergsneider M et al. Intensive insulin therapy reduces microdialysis glucose values without altering glucose utilization or improving the lactate/pyruvate ratio after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2006;34:850-6.
66. Timofeev I, Carpenter KL, Nortje J, Al-Rawi PG, O'Connell MT, Czosnyka M et al. Cerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study of 223 patients. Brain 2011;134:484-94.
67. Brody DL, Magnoni S, Schwetye KE, Spinner ML, Esparza TJ, Stocchetti N et al. Amyloid-beta dynamics correlate with neurological status in the injured human brain. Science 2008;321:1221-4.
68. Magnoni S, Esparza TJ, Conte V, Carbonara M, Carrabba G, Holtzman DM et al. Tau elevations in the brain extracellular space correlate with reduced amyloid-beta levels and predict adverse clinical outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain 2012;135(Pt 4):1268-80.
69. Petzold A, Tisdall MM, Girbes AR, Martinian L, Thom M, Kitchen N et al. In vivo monitoring of neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study. Brain 2011;134:464-83.
70. Hocht C, Opezzo JA, Taira CA. Applicability of reverse microdialysis in pharmacological and toxicological studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007;55:3-15.
71. Caricato A, Pennisi M, Mancino A, Vigna G, Sandroni C, Arcangeli A et al. Levels of vancomycin in the cerebral interstitial fluid after severe head injury. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:325-8.
72. Friedman D, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg 2009;109:506-23.
73. Vespa P, McArthur DL, Glenn T, Xu Y, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Dinov I et al. Nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury are associated with hippocampal atrophy. Neurology 2010;75:792-8.
74. Vespa PM, Miller C, McArthur D, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Hirt D et al. Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2830-6.
75. Olivecrona M, Zetterlund B, Rodling-Wahlstrom M, Naredi S, Koskinen LO. Absence of electroencephalographic seizure activity in patients treated for head injury with an intracranial pressure-targeted therapy. J Neurosurg 2009;110:300-5.
76. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 2004;62:1743-8.
77. Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Kreiter KT, Du EY, Connolly ES, Emerson RG et al. Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poorgrade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol 2004;115:2699-710.
78. Rathakrishnan R, Gotman J, Dubeau F, Angle M. Using continuous electroencephalography in the management of delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2011;14:152-61.
79. Diedler J, Sykora M, Bast T, Poli S, Veltkamp R, Mellado P et al. Quantitative EEG correlates of low cerebral perfusion in severe stroke. Neurocrit Care 2009;11:210-6.
80. Bosco E, Marton E, Feletti A, Scarpa B, Longatti P, Zanatta P et al. Dynamic monitors of brain function: a new target in neurointensive care unit. Crit Care 2011;15:R170.
81. Dreier JP, Major S, Pannek HW, Woitzik J, Scheel M, Wiesenthal D et al. Spreading convulsions, spreading depolarization and epileptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. Brain 2012;135:259-75.
82. Hartings JA, Bullock MR, Okonkwo DO, Murray LS, Murray GD, Fabricius M et al. Spreading depolarisations and outcome after traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:1058-64.
83. Ko SB, Choi HA, Parikh G, Helbok R, Schmidt JM, Lee K et al. Multimodality monitoring for cerebral perfusion pressure optimization in comatose patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2011;42:3087-92.
84. Schmidt JM, Ko SB, Helbok R, Kurtz P, Stuart RM, Presciutti M et al. Cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds for brain tissue hypoxia and metabolic crisis after poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2011;42:1351-6.
85. Zweifel C, Lavinio A, Steiner LA, Radolovich D, Smielewski P, Timofeev et al. Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity in patients with head injury. Neurosurg Focus 2008;25:E2.
86. Hemphill JC, Andrews P, De Georgia M. Multimodal monitoring and neurocritical care bioinformatics. Nat Rev Neurol 2011;7:451-60.