Size, structure, and helical twist of graphene nanoribbons controlled by confinement in carbon nanotubes

ACS Nano

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 3943-3953

  Chamberlain, Thomas W ^a   Biskupek, Johannes ^b   Rance, Graham A ^a   Chuvilin, Andrey ^c,d   Alexander, Thomas J ^a   Bichoutskaia, Elena ^a   Kaiser, Ute ^b   Khlobystov, Andrei N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^c CIC NANOGUNE   (Spain)

^d BASQUE FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy; Carbon nanotube; Graphene nanoribbon; Host guest structure; Nanoreactor

Indexed keywords

2D STRUCTURES; DIFFERENT SIZES; DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS; EDGE STRUCTURES; GRAPHENE NANO-RIBBON; GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS; HELICAL TWIST; HOST-GUESTS; INTERNAL DIAMETERS; NANO SCALE; NANORIBBONS; SPONTANEOUS FORMATION; TEMPLATING; THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS;

CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON BEAMS; GRAPHENE; NANOREACTORS; NANOTUBES; SULFUR; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES;

EID: 84864717273     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn300137j     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Yang, L.; Park, C.-H.; Son, Y.-W.; Cohen, M. L.; Louie, S. G. Quasiparticle Energies and Band Gaps in Graphene Nanoribbons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 186801.
2. Wakabayashi, K. Electronic Transport Properties of Nanographite Ribbon Junctions. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 125428.
3. Barone, V.; Hod, O.; Scuseria, G. E. Electronic Structure and Stability of Semiconducting Graphene Nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 2748-2754.
4. Kosynkin, D. V.; Higginbotham, A. L.; Sinitskii, A.; Lomeda, J. R.; Dimiev, A.; Price, B. K.; Tour, J. M. Longitudinal Unzipping of Carbon Nanotubes To Form Graphene Nanoribbons. Nature 2009, 458, 872-876.
5. Jiao, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, X.; Diankov, G.; Dai, H. Narrow Graphene Nanoribbons from Carbon Nanotubes. Nature 2009, 458, 877-880.
6. Cai, J. M.; Ruffieux, P.; Jaafar, R.; Bieri, M.; Braun, T.; Blankenburg, S.; Muoth, M.; Seitsonen, A. P.; Saleh, M.; Feng, X. L.; et al. Atomically Precise Bottom-Up Fabrication of Graphene Nanoribbons. Nature 2010, 466, 470-473.
7. Jiao, L.; Wang, X.; Diankov, G.; Wang, H.; Dai, H. Facile Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene Nanoribbons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 321-325.
8. Shimizu, T.; Haruyama, J.; Marcano, D. C.; Kosynkin, D. V.; Tour, J. M.; Hirose, K.; Suenaga, K. Large Intrinsic Energy Bandgaps in Annealed Nanotube-Derived Graphene Nanoribbons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 45-50.
9. Hirsch, A. Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes: A Peeling Method for the Formation of Graphene Nanoribbons. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6594-6596.
10. Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 902-907.
11. Ritter, K. A.; Lyding, J. W. The Influence of Edge Structure on the Electronic Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots and Nanoribbons. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 235-242.
12. Li, X. L.; Wang, X. R.; Zhang, L.; Lee, S. W.; Dai, H. J. Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors. Science 2008, 319, 1229-1232.
13. Tapaszto, L.; Dobrik, G.; Lambin, P.; Biro, L. P. Tailoring the Atomic Structure of Graphene Nanoribbons by Scanning Tunnelling Microscope Lithography. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 397-401.
14. Stampfer, C.; Gutttinger, J.; Hellmueller, S.; Molitor, F.; Ensslin, K.; Ihn, T. Energy Gaps in Etched Graphene Nanoribbons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 056403.
15. Ci, L.; Xu, Z. P.; Wang, L. L.; Gao, W.; Ding, F.; Kelly, K. F.; Yakobson, B. I.; Ajayan, P. M. Controlled Nanocutting of Graphene. Nano Res. 2008, 1, 116-122.
16. Campos, L. C.; Manfrinato, V. R.; Sanchez-Yamagishi, J. D.; Kong, J.; Jarillo-Herrero, P. Anisotropic Etching and Nanoribbon Formation in Single-Layer Graphene. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2600-2604.
17. Jia, X. T.; Campos-Delgado, J.; Terrones, M.; Meunier, V.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Graphene Edges: A Review of Their Fabrication and Characterization. Nanoscale 2011, 3, 86-95.
18. Chuvilin, A.; Bichoutskaia, E.; Gimenez-Lopez, M. C.; Chamberlain, T. W.; Rance, G. A.; Kuganathan, N.; Biskupek, J.; Kaiser, U.; Khlobystov, A. N. Self-Assembly of a Sulphur-Terminated Graphene Nanoribbon within a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 687-692.
19. Takenobu, T.; Takano, T.; Shiraishi, M.; Murakami, Y.; Ata, M.; Kataura, H.; Achiba, Y.; Iwasa, Y. Stable and Controlled Amphoteric Doping by Encapsulation of Organic Molecules Inside Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 683-688.
20. Lu, J.; Nagase, S.; Yu, D. P.; Ye, H. Q.; Han, R. S.; Gao, Z. X.; Zhang, S.; Peng, L. M. Amphoteric and Controllable Doping of Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulation of Organic and Organometallic Molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93, 116804.
21. Bandow, S.; Takizawa, M.; Hirahara, K.; Yudasaka, M.; Iijima, S. Raman Scattering Study of Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Derived from the Chains of Fullerenes in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 337, 48-54.
22. Koshino, M.; Niimi, Y.; Nakamura, E.; Kataura, H.; Okazaki, T.; Suenaga, K.; Iijima, S. Analysis of the Reactivity and Selectivity of Fullerene Dimerization Reactions at the Atomic Level. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 117-124.
23. Warner, J. H.; Ito, Y.; Zaka, M.; Ge, L.; Akachi, T.; Okimoto, H.; Porfyrakis, K.; Watt, A. A. R.; Shinohara, H.; Briggs, G. A. D. Rotating Fullerene Chains in Carbon Nanopeapods. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2328-2335.
24. Kitaura, R.; Imazu, N.; Kobayashi, K.; Shinohara, H. Fabrication of Metal Nanowires in Carbon Nanotubes via Versatile Nano-Template Reaction. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 693-699.
25. Warner, J. H.; Ito, Y.; Rummeli, M. H.; Gemming, T.; Buchner, B.; Shinohara, H.; Briggs, G. A. D. One-Dimensional Confined Motion of Single Metal Atoms Inside Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 195504.
26. Fujita, Y.; Bandow, S.; Iijima, S. Formation of Small-Diameter Carbon Nanotubes from PTCDA Arranged Inside the Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2005, 413, 410-414.
27. Britz, D. A.; Khlobystov, A. N.; Wang, J. W.; O'Neil, A. S.; Poliakoff, M.; Ardavan, A.; Briggs, G. A. D. Selective Host-Guest Interaction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Functionalised Fullerenes. Chem. Commun. 2004, 176-177.
28. Chamberlain, T. W.; Camenisch, A.; Champness, N. R.; Briggs, G. A. D.; Benjamin, S. C.; Ardavan, A.; Khlobystov, A. N. Toward Controlled Spacing in One-Dimensional Molecular Chains: Alkyl-Chain-Functionalized Fullerenes in Carbon Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 8609-8614.
29. Chamberlain, T. W.; Meyer, J. C.; Biskupek, J.; Leschner, J.; Santana, A.; Besley, N. A.; Bichoutskaia, E.; Kaiser, U.; Khlobystov, A. N. Reactions of the Inner Surface of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoprotrusion Processes Imaged at the Atomic Scale. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 732-737.
30. Talyzin, A. V.; Anoshkin, I. V.; Krasheninnikov, A. V.; Nieminen, R. M.; Nasibulin, A. G.; Jiang, H.; Kauppinen, E. I. Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons Encapsulated in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4352-4356.
31. Campos-Delgado, J.; Romo-Herrera, J. M.; Jia, X. T.; Cullen, D. A.; Muramatsu, H.; Kim, Y. A.; Hayashi, T.; Ren, Z. F.; Smith, D. J.; Okuno, Y.; et al. Bulk Production of a New Form of sp2 Carbon: Crystalline Graphene Nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2773-2778.
32. Motta, M. S.; Moisala, A.; Kinloch, I. A.; Windle, A. H. The Role of Sulphur in Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition at High Temperatures. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2008, 8, 2442-2449.
33. Meyer, J. C.; Kurasch, S.; Park, H. J.; Skakalova, V.; Kunzel, D.; Gross, A.; Chuvilin, A.; Algara-Siller, G.; Roth, S.; Iwasaki, T.; et al. Experimental Analysis of Charge Redistribution Due to Chemical Bonding by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 209-215.
34. Jiang, Y. Y.; Li, H.; Li, Y. F.; Yu, H. Q.; Liew, K. M.; He, Y. Z.; Liu, X. F. Helical Encapsulation of Graphene Nanoribbon into Carbon Nanotube. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 2126-2133.
35. Patra, N.; Song, Y. B.; Kral, P. Self-Assembly of Graphene Nanostructures on Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 1798-1804.
36. Zhao, C.; Kitaura, R.; Hara, H.; Irle, S.; Shinohara, H. Growth of Linear Carbon Chains Inside Thin Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 13166-13170.
37. Bets, K. V.; Yakobson, B. I. Spontaneous Twist and Intrinsic Instabilities of Pristine Graphene Nanoribbons. Nano Res. 2009, 2, 161-166.
38. Zhang, D. B.; Dumitrica, T. Effective-Tensional-Strain-Driven Bandgap Modulations in Helical Graphene Nanoribbons. Small 2011, 7, 1023-1027.
39. Saito, R.; Furukawa, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Raman Spectra of Graphene Ribbons. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2010, 22, 334203.
40. Gillen, R.; Mohr, M.; Maultzsch, J. Raman-Active Modes in Graphene Nanoribbons. Phys. Status Solidi B 2010, 247, 2941-2944.
41. Malola, S.; Hakkinen, H.; Koskinen, P. Comparison of Raman Spectra and Vibrational Density of States between Graphene Nanoribbons with Different Edges. Eur. Phys. J. D 2009, 52, 71-74.
42. Luo, G. F.; Wang, L.; Li, H.; Qin, R.; Zhou, J.; Li, L. Z.; Gao, Z. X.; Mei, W. N.; Lu, J.; Nagase, S. Polarized Nonresonant Raman Spectra of Graphene Nanoribbons. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 24463-24468.
43. Grainger, R. S.; Patel, B.; Kariuki, B. M.; Male, L.; Spencer, N. Sulfur Monoxide Transfer from peri-Substituted Trisulfide-2-oxides to Dienes: Substituent Effects, Mechanistic Studies and Application in Thiophene Synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5843-5852.
44. Son, Y.-W.; Cohen, M. L.; Louie, S. G. Energy Gaps in Graphene Nanoribbon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 216803.
45. Rudberg, E.; Salek, P.; Luo, Y. Nonlocal Exchange Interaction Removes Half-Metallicity in Graphene Nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2211-2213.
46. Hod, O.; Barone, V.; Peralta, J. E.; Scuseria, G. E. Enhanced Half-Metallicity in Edge-Oxidized Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2295-2299.
47. Meyer, J. C.; Chuvilin, A.; Algara-Siller, G.; Biskupek, J.; Kaiser, U. Selective Sputtering and Atomic Resolution Imaging of Atomically Thin Boron Nitride Membranes. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2683-2689.
48. Haider, M.; Hartel, P.; Müller, H.; Uhlemann, S.; Zach, J. Information Transfer in a TEM Corrected for Spherical and Chromatic Aberration. Microsc. Microanal. 2010, 16, 393-408.
49. Chuvilin, A.; Kaiser, U. On the Peculiarities of CBED Pattern Formation Revealed by Multislice Simulation. Ultramicroscopy 2005, 104, 73-82.