Straddling the divide: Mainstream populism and conservatism in Howard's Australia and Harper's Canada

Commonwealth and Comparative Politics

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 271-292

  Snow, Dave ^a   Moffitt, Benjamin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Canada; conservatism; John Howard; populism; Stephen Harper

Indexed keywords

NEOLIBERALISM; PARTY POLITICS; POLITICAL DISCOURSE; POLITICAL ECONOMY; POLITICAL THEORY; POPULISM; THEORETICAL STUDY;

AUSTRALIA; CANADA;

EID: 84864704696     PISSN: 14662043     EISSN: 17439094     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14662043.2012.692922     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Ajzenstat, J. and Smith, P. J. 2002. "The 'tory-touch' thesis: bad history, poor political science". In Crosscurrents: Contemporary Political Issues, 4, Edited by: Charlton, M. and Barker, P. 68-75. Scarborough, ON: Nelson.
2. Albertazzi, D. and McDonnell, D. 2008. Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy, Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Arditi, B. 2007. Politics on the Edges of Liberalism: Difference, Populism, Revolution, Agitation, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4. Bala, N., Carrington, P. J. and Roberts, J. V. 2009. Evaluating the youth criminal justice act after five years: a qualified success. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 51(2): 131-167.
5. Behiels, M. 2010. Stephen Harper's rise to power: will his 'new' Conservative Party become Canada's 'natural governing party' of the twenty-first century?. American Review of Canadian Studies, 40(1): 118-145.
6. Berezin, M. 2009. Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Blainey, G. 1993. Drawing up a balance sheet on our history. Quadrant, 37(7-8): 10-15.
8. Bonnell, A. and Crotty, M. 2008. Australia's history under Howard, 1996-2007. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 617(1): 149-165.
9. Bostock, C. M. J. 2002. The international legal obligations owed to the asylum seekers on the MV Tampa. International Journal of Refugee Law, 14(2-3): 279-301.
10. Brandis, G. (2008) The Howard paradox, The Australian, 23 October. Available at http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/the-howard-paradox/story-e6frg6zo-1111117826448 (accessed 22 February 2012).
11. Brett, J. 2004. "The new liberalism". In The Howard Years, Edited by: Manne, R. 74-93. Melbourne: Black Inc.
12. Bryden, J. (2009) Despite stats, Canadians fear crime on the rise, The Telegraph Journal, 3 April, p. A4.
13. Burke, A. 2008. Fear of Security: Australia's Invasion Anxiety, 2, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Burnside, J. 2002. Refugees: the Tampa case. Postcolonial Studies, 5(1): 17-28.
15. Campbell, M. (2009) Political fashion semiotics 101: the implications of politicians' clothes, Crikey, 9 July. Available at http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/07/09/political-fashion-semiotics-101-the-implications-of-politicians%E2%80%99-clothes/ (accessed 22 February 2012).
16. Campion-Smith, B. (2008) Arts uproar? Ordinary folks just don't care, says Harper, Toronto Star, 24 September, p. A1.
17. Canada. 2009. Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship, Ottawa: Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
18. Chapnick, A. 2011. A 'conservative' national story? The evolution of Citizenship and Immigration Canada's Discover Canada. American Review of Canadian Studies, 41(1): 20-36.
19. Chase, S. (2010) Refusing to reverse their census decision, Tories find a new way to go populist, The Globe and Mail, 16 July, p. A1.
20. Chase, S. & Baluja, T. (2012) Kenney tightens rules for questionable asylum seekers, The Globe and Mail, 17 February. Available at http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/kenney-tightens-rules-for-questionable-asylum-seekers/article2341577/ (accessed 22 February 2012).
21. Cheadle, B. (2009) No data backs Tory corrections policy, The Telegraph Journal, 28 September, p. A8.
22. Commonwealth of Australia (2002) Senate Select Committee Report on a Certain Maritime Incident (Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia). Available at http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16931377?selectedversion=NBD24474325 (accessed 22 February 2012).
23. Curran, G. 2004. Mainstreaming populist discourse: the race-conscious legacy of neo-populist parties in Australia and Italy. Patterns of Prejudice, 38(1): 37-55.
24. Dyrenfurth, N. 2007. John Howard's hegemony of values: the politics of 'mateship' in the Howard decade. Australian Journal of Political Science, 42(2): 211-230.
25. Errington, W. and van Onselen, P. 2007. John Winston Howard: The Definitive Biography, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
26. Fish, M. 2008. An eye for an eye: proportionality as a moral principle of punishment. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 28(1): 57-71.
27. Flanagan, T. 1995. Waiting for the Wave: The Reform Party and Preston Manning, Toronto: Stoddart Publishing.
28. Flanagan, T. (2008) Courting the fourth sister, The Globe and Mail, 14 November, p. A23.
29. Flanagan, T. 2009. Harper's Team: Behind the Scenes in the Conservative Rise to Power, Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
30. Frank, T. 2000. One Market under God, London: Vintage.
31. Friendly, M. and White, L. A. 2008. "From multilateralism to bilateralism to unilateralism in three short years: child care in Canadian federalism 2003-2006". In Canadian Federalism: Performance, Effectiveness, Legitimacy, 2, Edited by: Bakvis, H. and Skogstad, G. 182-204. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
32. Gidengil, E., Fournier, P., Everitt, J., Nevitte, N. & Blais, A. (2009) The anatomy of a Liberal defeat, Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, 27-29 May.
33. Goot, M. and Watson, I. 2007. Explaining Howard's success: social structure, issue agendas and party support, 1993-2004. Australian Journal of Political Science, 42(2): 253-276.
34. Hage, G. 2003. Against Paranoid Nationalism: Searching for Hope in a Shrinking Society, Annandale, Australia: Pluto Press.
35. Harper, S. (2003) Rediscovering the right agenda, Citizens Centre Report Magazine, June, pp. 73-77.
36. Hawkins, K. A. 2010. Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press.
37. Hindess, B. 2004. "Anti-elitism and the academy". In Us and Them: Anti-Elitism in Australia, Edited by: Sawer, M. and Hindess, B. 225-240. Perth: API Network.
38. Howard, J. (1995) The Role of Government: A Modern Liberal Approach, The Menzies Research Centre, 6 June. Available at http://www.australianpolitics.com/executive/howard/pre-2002/95-06-06role-of-government.shtml (accessed 22 February 2012).
39. Howard, J. (1996) Edited extract from speech to the Queensland Liberal Party convention, The Australian, 25 September, p. 13.
40. Howard, J. (2005) Transcript of the Prime Minister The Hon. John Howard MP: Address at the Launch of the Publication 'The Conservative', Canberra, Parliament House, 8 September. Available at http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressrel/0E8H6/upload_binary/0e8h65.pdf;fileType=application/pdf (accessed 22 February 2012).
41. Howarth, D. 2005. "Populism or popular democracy? The UDF, workerism and the struggle for radical democracy in South Africa". In Populism and the Mirror of Democracy, Edited by: Panizza, F. 202-223. London: Verso.
42. Johnson, C. 2000. Governing Change: From Keating to Howard, St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
43. Johnson, C. 2007. John Howard's 'values' and Australian identity. Australian Journal of Political Science, 42(2): 195-209.
44. Johnson, C., Patten, S. and Betz, H.-G. 2004. "Identitarian politics and populism in Canada and the Antipodes". In Movements of Exclusion: Radical Right-Wing Populism in the Western World, Edited by: Rydgren, J. 85-100. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
45. Kelly, P. 2010. The March of Patriots: The Struggle for Modern Australia, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
46. Knight, A. 1998. Populism and neo-populism in Latin America, especially Mexico. Journal of Latin American Studies, 30(2): 223-248.
47. Knopff, R. and Morton, F. L. 1992. Charter Politics, Scarborough, ON: Nelson Canada.
48. Laclau, E. 2005. On Populist Reason, London and New York: Verso.
49. Langford, T. 2011. Alberta's Day Care Controversy: From 1908 to 2009 and Beyond, Vancouver: UBC Press.
50. Lilley, B. (2011) Help us stop smuggling ships: Harper, Toronto Sun, 21 February. Available at http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2011/02/21/17355556.html (accessed 22 February 2012).
51. Maiden, S. (2010) Petro Georgiou warns of new 'dark chapter' in history in valedictory speech, The Australian, 3 June. Available at http://www.theaustralian.com.au/politics/petro-georgiou-warns-of-new-dark-chapter-in-history-in-valedictory-speech/story-e6frgczf-1225874975941 (accessed 22 February 2012).
52. Mair, P. 2002. "Populist democracy vs party democracy". In Democracies and the Populist Challenge, Edited by: Mény, Y. and Surel, Y. 81-98. Bathingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
53. Mallea, P. 2008. The Fear Factor: Stephen Harper's Tough on Crime Agenda, Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
54. Mallea, P. 2011. Fearmongering: Will Stephen Harper's Billions for his Tough-on-Crime Agenda Make our Streets Any Safer?, Toronto: Lorimer.
55. Martin, L. 2010. Harperland: The Politics of Control, Toronto: Viking Canada.
56. Mathew, P. 2002. Australian refugee protection in the wake of the Tampa. American Journal of International Law, 96(3): 661-676.
57. Melleuish, G. 2011. An Australian in 'Harperland'. The Dorchester Review, 1(1): 58-61.
58. Mény, Y. and Surel, Y. 2002. "The constitutive ambiguity of populism". In Democracies and the Populist Challenge, Edited by: Mény, Y. and Surel, Y. 1-21. Bathingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
59. Mondon, A. (2010) The deep roots of the populist reaction in parliamentary democracies: the French and Australian cases as perspectives. Doctoral Dissertation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
60. Mudde, C. 2004. The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4): 542-563.
61. Mudde, C. 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
62. Mudde, C. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2011) Voices of the peoples: populism in Europe and Latin America compared, Kellogg Institute Working Papers, 378, University of Notre Dame. Available at http://kellogg.nd.edu/publications/workingpapers/WPS/378.pdf (accessed 22 February 2012).
63. Myers, R. M. 2008. "The universal child-care benefit: a turning point for social conservatives". In Braving the New World: Readings in Contemporary Politics, 4, Edited by: Bateman, T. M. J., Myers, R. M. and Epp, R. 83-91. Toronto: Thomson/Nelson.
64. O'Brien, K. (2006) John Howard reflects on highs and lows as PM, Australian Broadcasting Corporation-The 7:30 Report, 2 March. Available at http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2006/s1582732.htm (accessed 22 February 2012).
65. Panizza, F. 2005. "Introduction: populism and the mirror of democracy". In Populism and the Mirror of Democracy, Edited by: Panizza, F. 1-31. London and New York: Verso.
66. Patten, S. 1999. The Reform Party's reimagining of the Canadian nation. Journal of Canadian Studies, 37(1): 27-51.
67. Patten, S. 2001. "'Toryism' and the Conservative Party in a neo-liberal era". In Party Politics in Canada, 8, Edited by: Thorburn, H. G. and Whitehorn, A. 135-147. Toronto: Prentice Hall.
68. Payton, L. (2011) Face veils banned for citizenship oaths, CBC News Online, 12 December. Available at http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/12/12/pol-kenney-citizenship-rules.html (accessed 22 February 2012).
69. Peri, Y. 2004. Telepopulism: Media and Politics in Israel, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
70. Roberts, J. V. 2009. 'Faint hope' in the firing line: repeal of section 745.6?. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 51(4): 537-545.
71. Rossiter, P. 2010. The extraordinarily ordinary Mr Howard. Australian Studies, 2 17 October. Available at http://www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/australian-studies/article/view/1759 (accessed 22 February 2012)
72. Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2012. The ambivalence of populism: threat and corrective for democracy. Democratization, 19(2): 184-208.
73. Rundle, G. 2001. The Opportunist: John Howard and the Triumph of Reaction, Melbourne: Black Inc.
74. Sawer, M. 2004. "Populism and public choice in Australia and Canada: turning equality seekers into 'special interests'". In Us and Them: Anti-Elitism in Australia, Edited by: Sawer, M. and Hindess, B. 33-56. Perth: API Network.
75. Sawer, M. 2008. "Framing feminists: market populism and its impact on public policy in Australia". In Gendering the Nation-State, Edited by: Abu-Laban, Y. 120-138. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
76. Sawer, M. and Laycock, D. 2009. Down with elites and up with inequality: market populism in Australia and Canada. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 47(2): 133-150.
77. Schmitter, P. C. 2007. A balance sheet of the vices and virtues of 'populisms'. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 7(2): 5-11.
78. Stavrakakis, Y. 2004. Antinomies of formalism: Laclau's theory of populism and the lessons from religious populism in Greece. Journal of Political Ideologies, 9(3): 253-267.
79. Taber, J. (2006) When Liberals slump in the polls, they go hunting for moles, The Globe and Mail, 7 January, p. A5.
80. Taggart, P. (2000) Populism (Buckingham: Open University Press).
81. Ware, A. 2002. "The United States: populism as political strategy". In Democracies and the Populist Challenge, Edited by: Mény, Y. and Surel, Y. 101-119. Bathingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
82. Wear, R. 2002. Commonwealth of Australia. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 48(2): 241-247.
83. Wear, R. 2008. Permanent populism: the Howard government 1996-2007. Australian Journal of Political Science, 43(4): 617-634.
84. Weeks, C. & Taber, J. (2008) Tory campaigner resigns over plagiarized speech, The Globe and Mail, 1 October, p. A13.
85. Wells, P. 2006. Right Side Up: The Fall of Paul Martin and the Rise of Stephen Harper's New Conservatism, Toronto: McLelland and Stewart.
86. Westlind, D. 1996. The Politics of Popular Identity: Understanding Recent Populist Movements in Sweden and the United States, Lund: Lund University Press.
87. Weyland, K. 2001. Clarifying a contested concept: populism in the study of Latin American politics. Comparative Politics, 34(1): 1-22.
88. Wilders, G. (2010) Wilders-Muhammad was a Paedophile, YouTube [online video clip]. Available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXuG4KhfCZM (accessed 22 February 2012).
89. Wilson Centre (2009) Populism of the 21st Century. Available at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/populism-the-21st-centurybr (accessed 22 February 2012).
90. Windschuttle, K. 2002. The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume One: Van Diemen's Land 1803-1847, Sydney: Macleay Press.
91. Windschuttle, K. 2009. The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume Three: The Stolen Generations 1881-2008, Sydney: Macleay Press.
92. Wiseman, N. 2007. In Search of Canadian Political Culture, Vancouver: UBC Press.
93. Žižek, S. 2009. First as Tragedy, Then as Farce, London and Brooklyn: Verso.