메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 7, 2012, Pages

Phylodynamics of HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in East Africa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANGOLA; ARTICLE; BOTSWANA; BURUNDI; CLADISTICS; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC CONGO; EPIDEMIC; ETHIOPIA; GENE SEQUENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; KENYA; MALAWI; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MONOPHYLY; MOZAMBIQUE; NONHUMAN; SOUTH AFRICA; TANZANIA; UGANDA; VIRAL GENETICS; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ZAMBIA; ZIMBABWE;

EID: 84864584456     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041904     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 79952414942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trends in molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 2000-2007
    • Hemelaar J, Gouws E, Ghys PD, Osmanov S, ((2011)) Global trends in molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 during 2000-2007. Aids 25:: 679--689.
    • (2011) Aids , vol.25 , pp. 679-689
    • Hemelaar, J.1    Gouws, E.2    Ghys, P.D.3    Osmanov, S.4
  • 2
    • 33749368316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Beira, Mozambique
    • Parreira R, Piedade J, Domingues A, Lobao D, Santos M, et al. ((2006)) Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Beira, Mozambique. Microbes Infect 8:: 2442--2451.
    • (2006) Microbes Infect , vol.8 , pp. 2442-2451
    • Parreira, R.1    Piedade, J.2    Domingues, A.3    Lobao, D.4    Santos, M.5
  • 4
    • 39549122755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtype assignment and phylogenetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains in patients from Swaziland
    • Deho L, Walwema R, Cappelletti A, Sukati H, Sibandze D, et al. ((2008)) Subtype assignment and phylogenetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains in patients from Swaziland. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:: 323--325.
    • (2008) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.24 , pp. 323-325
    • Deho, L.1    Walwema, R.2    Cappelletti, A.3    Sukati, H.4    Sibandze, D.5
  • 5
    • 39549093532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid spread and genetic diversification of HIV type 1 subtype C in a rural area of southern Mozambique
    • Lahuerta M, Aparicio E, Bardaji A, Marco S, Sacarlal J, et al. ((2008)) Rapid spread and genetic diversification of HIV type 1 subtype C in a rural area of southern Mozambique. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:: 327--335.
    • (2008) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.24 , pp. 327-335
    • Lahuerta, M.1    Aparicio, E.2    Bardaji, A.3    Marco, S.4    Sacarlal, J.5
  • 6
    • 72949104925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and molecular epidemiology of subtype C HIV-1 in Zimbabwe
    • Dalai SC, de Oliveira T, Harkins GW, Kassaye SG, Lint J, et al. ((2009)) Evolution and molecular epidemiology of subtype C HIV-1 in Zimbabwe. Aids 23:: 2523--2532.
    • (2009) Aids , vol.23 , pp. 2523-2532
    • Dalai, S.C.1    de Oliveira, T.2    Harkins, G.W.3    Kassaye, S.G.4    Lint, J.5
  • 7
    • 79952075443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic
    • Novitsky V, Wang R, Lagakos S, Essex M, ((2010)) HIV-1 Subtype C Phylodynamics in the Global Epidemic. Viruses 2:: 33--54.
    • (2010) Viruses , vol.2 , pp. 33-54
    • Novitsky, V.1    Wang, R.2    Lagakos, S.3    Essex, M.4
  • 8
    • 79956193969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic structure in African HIV-1 subtype C revealed by selective sequential pruning
    • Thomson MM, Fernandez-Garcia A, ((2011)) Phylogenetic structure in African HIV-1 subtype C revealed by selective sequential pruning. Virology 415:: 30--38.
    • (2011) Virology , vol.415 , pp. 30-38
    • Thomson, M.M.1    Fernandez-Garcia, A.2
  • 9
    • 0035835508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of hiv type 1 strains in Bujumbura (burundi): predominance of subtype c variant
    • Koch N, Ndihokubwayo JB, Yahi N, Tourres C, Fantini J, et al. ((2001)) Genetic analysis of hiv type 1 strains in Bujumbura (burundi): predominance of subtype c variant. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17:: 269--273.
    • (2001) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.17 , pp. 269-273
    • Koch, N.1    Ndihokubwayo, J.B.2    Yahi, N.3    Tourres, C.4    Fantini, J.5
  • 11
    • 19644384510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and genetic characterization of HIV-1 isolates in the general population of Djibouti (Horn of Africa)
    • Maslin J, Rogier C, Berger F, Khamil MA, Mattera D, et al. ((2005)) Epidemiology and genetic characterization of HIV-1 isolates in the general population of Djibouti (Horn of Africa). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39:: 129--132.
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.39 , pp. 129-132
    • Maslin, J.1    Rogier, C.2    Berger, F.3    Khamil, M.A.4    Mattera, D.5
  • 13
    • 0034693999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a genetic subcluster of HIV type 1 subtype C (C′) widespread in Ethiopia
    • Abebe A, Pollakis G, Fontanet AL, Fisseha B, Tegbaru B, et al. ((2000)) Identification of a genetic subcluster of HIV type 1 subtype C (C′) widespread in Ethiopia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 16:: 1909--1914.
    • (2000) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.16 , pp. 1909-1914
    • Abebe, A.1    Pollakis, G.2    Fontanet, A.L.3    Fisseha, B.4    Tegbaru, B.5
  • 15
    • 34247866387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in treatment-naive patients in north Ethiopia
    • Kassu A, Fujino M, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Ota F, et al. ((2007)) Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in treatment-naive patients in north Ethiopia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:: 564--568.
    • (2007) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.23 , pp. 564-568
    • Kassu, A.1    Fujino, M.2    Matsuda, M.3    Nishizawa, M.4    Ota, F.5
  • 16
  • 18
    • 33745951838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of HIV type 1 dual infection and HIV diversity: analysis of low- and high-risk populations in Mbeya Region, Tanzania
    • Herbinger KH, Gerhardt M, Piyasirisilp S, Mloka D, Arroyo MA, et al. ((2006)) Frequency of HIV type 1 dual infection and HIV diversity: analysis of low- and high-risk populations in Mbeya Region, Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:: 599--606.
    • (2006) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.22 , pp. 599-606
    • Herbinger, K.H.1    Gerhardt, M.2    Piyasirisilp, S.3    Mloka, D.4    Arroyo, M.A.5
  • 19
    • 45749119998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania
    • Nyombi BM, Kristiansen KI, Bjune G, Muller F, Holm-Hansen C, ((2008)) Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:: 761--769.
    • (2008) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.24 , pp. 761-769
    • Nyombi, B.M.1    Kristiansen, K.I.2    Bjune, G.3    Muller, F.4    Holm-Hansen, C.5
  • 20
    • 79953763329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive youths infected with diverse HIV type 1 subtypes and recombinant forms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    • Mosha F, Urassa W, Aboud S, Lyamuya E, Sandstrom E, et al. ((2011)) Prevalence of genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive youths infected with diverse HIV type 1 subtypes and recombinant forms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27:: 377--382.
    • (2011) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.27 , pp. 377-382
    • Mosha, F.1    Urassa, W.2    Aboud, S.3    Lyamuya, E.4    Sandstrom, E.5
  • 21
    • 12144288388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and archived nevirapine resistance mutation in pregnant women in Rwanda
    • Servais J, Lambert C, Karita E, Vanhove D, Fischer A, et al. ((2004)) HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and archived nevirapine resistance mutation in pregnant women in Rwanda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:: 279--283.
    • (2004) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.20 , pp. 279-283
    • Servais, J.1    Lambert, C.2    Karita, E.3    Vanhove, D.4    Fischer, A.5
  • 22
    • 0030779694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serologic and phylogenetic characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in Uganda
    • Brennan CA, Lund JK, Golden A, Yamaguchi J, Vallari AS, et al. ((1997)) Serologic and phylogenetic characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in Uganda. Aids 11:: 1823--1832.
    • (1997) Aids , vol.11 , pp. 1823-1832
    • Brennan, C.A.1    Lund, J.K.2    Golden, A.3    Yamaguchi, J.4    Vallari, A.S.5
  • 23
    • 15644383725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A molecular epidemiologic survey of HIV in Uganda. HIV Variant Working Group
    • Rayfield MA, Downing RG, Baggs J, Hu DJ, Pieniazek D, et al. ((1998)) A molecular epidemiologic survey of HIV in Uganda. HIV Variant Working Group. Aids 12:: 521--527.
    • (1998) Aids , vol.12 , pp. 521-527
    • Rayfield, M.A.1    Downing, R.G.2    Baggs, J.3    Hu, D.J.4    Pieniazek, D.5
  • 25
    • 33846217459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypic variation in the pol gene of HIV type 1 in an antiretroviral treatment-naive population in rural southwestern Uganda
    • Gale CV, Yirrell DL, Campbell E, Van der Paal L, Grosskurth H, et al. ((2006)) Genotypic variation in the pol gene of HIV type 1 in an antiretroviral treatment-naive population in rural southwestern Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:: 985--992.
    • (2006) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.22 , pp. 985-992
    • Gale, C.V.1    Yirrell, D.L.2    Campbell, E.3    van der Paal, L.4    Grosskurth, H.5
  • 26
    • 34249900484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and genetic diversity of HIV type 1 subtypes A and D in women attending antenatal clinics in Uganda
    • Herbeck JT, Lyagoba F, Moore SW, Shindo N, Biryahwaho B, et al. ((2007)) Prevalence and genetic diversity of HIV type 1 subtypes A and D in women attending antenatal clinics in Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:: 755--760.
    • (2007) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.23 , pp. 755-760
    • Herbeck, J.T.1    Lyagoba, F.2    Moore, S.W.3    Shindo, N.4    Biryahwaho, B.5
  • 27
    • 81755174499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV Type 1 Subtype Distribution, Multiple Infections, Sexual Networks, and Partnership Histories in Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda
    • Ssemwanga D, Ndembi N, Lyagoba F, Bukenya J, Seeley J,et al. (2011) HIV Type 1 Subtype Distribution, Multiple Infections, Sexual Networks, and Partnership Histories in Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
    • (2011) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
    • Ssemwanga, D.1    Ndembi, N.2    Lyagoba, F.3    Bukenya, J.4    Seeley, J.5
  • 28
    • 80053293363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study
    • Hamers RL, Wallis CL, Kityo C, Siwale M, Mandaliya K, et al. ((2011)) HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 11:: 750--759.
    • (2011) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 750-759
    • Hamers, R.L.1    Wallis, C.L.2    Kityo, C.3    Siwale, M.4    Mandaliya, K.5
  • 29
    • 2642538419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity and high proportion of intersubtype recombinants among HIV type 1-infected pregnant women in Kisumu, western Kenya
    • Yang C, Li M, Shi YP, Winter J, van Eijk AM, et al. ((2004)) Genetic diversity and high proportion of intersubtype recombinants among HIV type 1-infected pregnant women in Kisumu, western Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:: 565--574.
    • (2004) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.20 , pp. 565-574
    • Yang, C.1    Li, M.2    Shi, Y.P.3    Winter, J.4    van Eijk, A.M.5
  • 30
    • 79952588246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 among HIV-infected respondents in a cohort being prepared for HIV Phase III vaccine clinical trials, Western Kenya
    • Oyaro M, Mbithi J, Oyugi F, Laten A, Anzala O, et al. ((2011)) Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 among HIV-infected respondents in a cohort being prepared for HIV Phase III vaccine clinical trials, Western Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27:: 257--264.
    • (2011) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.27 , pp. 257-264
    • Oyaro, M.1    Mbithi, J.2    Oyugi, F.3    Laten, A.4    Anzala, O.5
  • 32
    • 30344438528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for rapid subtype C spread within an epidemic in which multiple subtypes and intersubtype recombinants circulate
    • Rainwater S, DeVange S, Sagar M, Ndinya-Achola J, Mandaliya K, et al. ((2005)) No evidence for rapid subtype C spread within an epidemic in which multiple subtypes and intersubtype recombinants circulate. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21:: 1060--1065.
    • (2005) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.21 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Rainwater, S.1    DeVange, S.2    Sagar, M.3    Ndinya-Achola, J.4    Mandaliya, K.5
  • 34
    • 84858048436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV Type 1 in a Rural Coastal Town in Kenya Shows Multiple Introductions with Many Subtypes and Much Recombination
    • Hue S, Hassan AS, Nabwera H, Sanders EJ, Pillay D, et al. ((2012)) HIV Type 1 in a Rural Coastal Town in Kenya Shows Multiple Introductions with Many Subtypes and Much Recombination. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 28:: 220--224.
    • (2012) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.28 , pp. 220-224
    • Hue, S.1    Hassan, A.S.2    Nabwera, H.3    Sanders, E.J.4    Pillay, D.5
  • 35
    • 0032946954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and disease stage among women in Nairobi, Kenya
    • Neilson JR, John GC, Carr JK, Lewis P, Kreiss JK, et al. ((1999)) Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and disease stage among women in Nairobi, Kenya. J Virol 73:: 4393--4403.
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 4393-4403
    • Neilson, J.R.1    John, G.C.2    Carr, J.K.3    Lewis, P.4    Kreiss, J.K.5
  • 36
    • 33845430851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV type 1 subtypes among STI patients in Nairobi: a genotypic study based on partial pol gene sequencing
    • Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Kiptoo MK, Kinyua JG, Lagat N, et al. ((2006)) HIV type 1 subtypes among STI patients in Nairobi: a genotypic study based on partial pol gene sequencing. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:: 1172--1177.
    • (2006) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.22 , pp. 1172-1177
    • Lihana, R.W.1    Khamadi, S.A.2    Kiptoo, M.K.3    Kinyua, J.G.4    Lagat, N.5
  • 39
    • 58149125276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV type 1 genetic diversity in Moyale, Mandera, and Turkana based on env-C2-V3 sequences
    • Khamadi SA, Lihana RW, Mwaniki DL, Kinyua J, Lagat N, et al. ((2008)) HIV type 1 genetic diversity in Moyale, Mandera, and Turkana based on env-C2-V3 sequences. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24:: 1561--1564.
    • (2008) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.24 , pp. 1561-1564
    • Khamadi, S.A.1    Lihana, R.W.2    Mwaniki, D.L.3    Kinyua, J.4    Lagat, N.5
  • 40
    • 10744226019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination of HIV type 1C (C′/C″) in Ethiopia: possible link of EthHIV-1C′ to subtype C sequences from the high-prevalence epidemics in India and Southern Africa
    • Pollakis G, Abebe A, Kliphuis A, De Wit TF, Fisseha B, et al. ((2003)) Recombination of HIV type 1C (C′/C″) in Ethiopia: possible link of EthHIV-1C′ to subtype C sequences from the high-prevalence epidemics in India and Southern Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 19:: 999--1008.
    • (2003) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.19 , pp. 999-1008
    • Pollakis, G.1    Abebe, A.2    Kliphuis, A.3    de Wit, T.F.4    Fisseha, B.5
  • 41
    • 27544496497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An automated genotyping system for analysis of HIV-1 and other microbial sequences
    • de Oliveira T, Deforche K, Cassol S, Salminen M, Paraskevis D, et al. ((2005)) An automated genotyping system for analysis of HIV-1 and other microbial sequences. Bioinformatics 21:: 3797--3800.
    • (2005) Bioinformatics , vol.21 , pp. 3797-3800
    • de Oliveira, T.1    Deforche, K.2    Cassol, S.3    Salminen, M.4    Paraskevis, D.5
  • 42
    • 0031574072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools
    • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, ((1997)) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:: 4876--4882.
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.25 , pp. 4876-4882
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Gibson, T.J.2    Plewniak, F.3    Jeanmougin, F.4    Higgins, D.G.5
  • 43
    • 0034848170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAMBE: software package for data analysis in molecular biology and evolution
    • Xia X, Xie Z, ((2001)) DAMBE: software package for data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. J Hered 92:: 371--373.
    • (2001) J Hered , vol.92 , pp. 371-373
    • Xia, X.1    Xie, Z.2
  • 44
    • 0031002417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood-mapping: a simple method to visualize phylogenetic content of a sequence alignment
    • Strimmer K, von Haeseler A, ((1997)) Likelihood-mapping: a simple method to visualize phylogenetic content of a sequence alignment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:: 6815--6819.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 6815-6819
    • Strimmer, K.1    von Haeseler, A.2
  • 45
    • 0036205377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing
    • Schmidt HA, Strimmer K, Vingron M, von Haeseler A, ((2002)) TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18:: 502--504.
    • (2002) Bioinformatics , vol.18 , pp. 502-504
    • Schmidt, H.A.1    Strimmer, K.2    Vingron, M.3    von Haeseler, A.4
  • 46
    • 79959944060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylemon 2.0: a suite of web-tools for molecular evolution, phylogenetics, phylogenomics and hypotheses testing
    • Sanchez R, Serra F, Tarraga J, Medina I, Carbonell J, et al. ((2011)) Phylemon 2.0: a suite of web-tools for molecular evolution, phylogenetics, phylogenomics and hypotheses testing. Nucleic Acids Res 39:: W470--474.
    • (2011) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.39
    • Sanchez, R.1    Serra, F.2    Tarraga, J.3    Medina, I.4    Carbonell, J.5
  • 47
    • 45849154165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging
    • Posada D, ((2008)) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Mol Biol Evol 25:: 1253--1256.
    • (2008) Mol Biol Evol , vol.25 , pp. 1253-1256
    • Posada, D.1
  • 48
    • 0242578620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood
    • Guindon S, Gascuel O, ((2003)) A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol 52:: 696--704.
    • (2003) Syst Biol , vol.52 , pp. 696-704
    • Guindon, S.1    Gascuel, O.2
  • 49
    • 23144433822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PHYML Online-a web server for fast maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic inference
    • Guindon S, Lethiec F, Duroux P, Gascuel O, ((2005)) PHYML Online-a web server for fast maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic inference. Nucleic Acids Res 33:: W557--559.
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.33
    • Guindon, S.1    Lethiec, F.2    Duroux, P.3    Gascuel, O.4
  • 50
    • 33745256005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate likelihood-ratio test for branches: A fast, accurate, and powerful alternative
    • Anisimova M, Gascuel O, ((2006)) Approximate likelihood-ratio test for branches: A fast, accurate, and powerful alternative. Syst Biol 55:: 539--552.
    • (2006) Syst Biol , vol.55 , pp. 539-552
    • Anisimova, M.1    Gascuel, O.2
  • 51
    • 84872829798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rambaut A (2009) FigTree v1.3.1: Tree Figure Drawing Tool. Available from http://treebioedacuk/software/figtree/. Accessed 2012 April 20.
    • Rambaut, A.1
  • 52
    • 84872830615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ray S Simplot v2.5.0. Available from: http://sray.med.som.jhmi.edu/SCRoftware/simplot/. Accessed 2012 April 20.
  • 53
    • 0036021407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating mutation parameters, population history and genealogy simultaneously from temporally spaced sequence data
    • Drummond AJ, Nicholls GK, Rodrigo AG, Solomon W, ((2002)) Estimating mutation parameters, population history and genealogy simultaneously from temporally spaced sequence data. Genetics 161:: 1307--1320.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.161 , pp. 1307-1320
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Nicholls, G.K.2    Rodrigo, A.G.3    Solomon, W.4
  • 54
    • 38649110663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees
    • Drummond AJ, Rambaut A, ((2007)) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol Biol 7:: 214.
    • (2007) BMC Evol Biol , vol.7 , pp. 214
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Rambaut, A.2
  • 56
    • 17744381574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences
    • Drummond AJ, Rambaut A, Shapiro B, Pybus OG, ((2005)) Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences. Mol Biol Evol 22:: 1185--1192.
    • (2005) Mol Biol Evol , vol.22 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Drummond, A.J.1    Rambaut, A.2    Shapiro, B.3    Pybus, O.G.4
  • 58
    • 84872828827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rambaut A, Drummond A (2007) Tracer v1.4. Available from http://beastbioedacuk/Tracer. Accessed 2012 April 20.
    • Rambaut, A.1    Drummond, A.2
  • 59
    • 80053959139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPREAD: spatial phylogenetic reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics
    • Bielejec F, Rambaut A, Suchard MA, Lemey P, ((2011)) SPREAD: spatial phylogenetic reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics. Bioinformatics 27:: 2910--2912.
    • (2011) Bioinformatics , vol.27 , pp. 2910-2912
    • Bielejec, F.1    Rambaut, A.2    Suchard, M.A.3    Lemey, P.4
  • 61
    • 70249113753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial phylodynamics of HIV-1 epidemic emergence in east Africa
    • Gray RR, Tatem AJ, Lamers S, Hou W, Laeyendecker O, et al. ((2009)) Spatial phylodynamics of HIV-1 epidemic emergence in east Africa. Aids 23:: F9--F17.
    • (2009) Aids , vol.23
    • Gray, R.R.1    Tatem, A.J.2    Lamers, S.3    Hou, W.4    Laeyendecker, O.5
  • 62
    • 77949517192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom
    • de Oliveira T, Pillay D, Gifford RJ, ((2010)) The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom. PLoS ONE 5:: e9311.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • de Oliveira, T.1    Pillay, D.2    Gifford, R.J.3
  • 63
    • 53549119677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of HIV-1 subtype C in South America
    • Fontella R, Soares MA, Schrago CG, ((2008)) On the origin of HIV-1 subtype C in South America. AIDS 22:: 2001--2011.
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , pp. 2001-2011
    • Fontella, R.1    Soares, M.A.2    Schrago, C.G.3
  • 64
    • 84872828491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fransen S, Ong'ayo A (2010) Migration in Burundi: History, Current Trends, and Future Prospects. Paper Series: Migration and Development Country Profiles Maastricht: Maastricht Graduate School of Governance Available from http://mgsog.merit.unu.edu/ISacademie/docs/CR_burundi.pdf. Accessed 2012 April 20.
    • Fransen, S.1    Ong'ayo, A.2
  • 65
    • 0035902954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in Ethiopia based on early virus strains and subsequent virus diversification
    • Abebe A, Lukashov VV, Pollakis G, Kliphuis A, Fontanet AL, et al. ((2001)) Timing of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in Ethiopia based on early virus strains and subsequent virus diversification. AIDS 15:: 1555--1561.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 1555-1561
    • Abebe, A.1    Lukashov, V.V.2    Pollakis, G.3    Kliphuis, A.4    Fontanet, A.L.5
  • 67
    • 77953913628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronology and evolution of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in Ethiopia
    • Tully DC, Wood C, ((2010)) Chronology and evolution of the HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in Ethiopia. Aids 24:: 1577--1582.
    • (2010) Aids , vol.24 , pp. 1577-1582
    • Tully, D.C.1    Wood, C.2
  • 68
    • 77954938172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in HIV type 1 RNA plasma load profile of closely related cocirculating Ethiopian subtype C strains: C and C′
    • Ayele W, Mekonnen Y, Messele T, Mengistu Y, Tsegaye A, et al. ((2010)) Differences in HIV type 1 RNA plasma load profile of closely related cocirculating Ethiopian subtype C strains: C and C′. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 26:: 805--813.
    • (2010) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.26 , pp. 805-813
    • Ayele, W.1    Mekonnen, Y.2    Messele, T.3    Mengistu, Y.4    Tsegaye, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.