메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 844-858

Nitrogen limitation increases brevetoxins in karenia brevis (dinophyceae): Implications for bloom toxicity

Author keywords

Brevetoxins; Carbon:nutrient balance hypothesis; Cellular volume; CNBH; Harmful algal blooms (HAB); Karenia brevis; Management; Nitrogen limitation; Nutrients; PbTx

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; DINOPHYCEAE; KARENIA BREVIS;

EID: 84864505726     PISSN: 00223646     EISSN: 15298817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01186.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 60349088197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental modulation of Karlotoxin levels in strains of the cosmopolitan dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum (Dinophyceae)
    • Adolf, J. E., Bachvaroff, T. R. & Place, A. R. 2009. Environmental modulation of Karlotoxin levels in strains of the cosmopolitan dinoflagellate, Karlodinium veneficum (Dinophyceae). J. Phycol. 45:176-92.
    • (2009) J. Phycol. , vol.45 , pp. 176-192
    • Adolf, J.E.1    Bachvaroff, T.R.2    Place, A.R.3
  • 5
    • 0023716640 scopus 로고
    • Variations in major toxin composition for 6 clones of Ptychodiscus brevis
    • Baden, D. G. & Tomas, C. R. 1988. Variations in major toxin composition for 6 clones of Ptychodiscus brevis. Toxicon 26: 961-3.
    • (1988) Toxicon , vol.26
    • Baden, D.G.1    Tomas, C.R.2
  • 6
    • 0021032459 scopus 로고
    • Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory
    • Bryant, J., Chapin III, F. & Klein, D. 1983. Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40:357-68.
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.40 , pp. 357-368
    • Bryant, J.1    Chapin III, F.2    Klein, D.3
  • 7
    • 33750503799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the FlowCAM for semi-automated recognition and enumeration of red tide cells (Karenia brevis) in natural plankton samples
    • Buskey, E. J. & Hyatt, C. J. 2006. Use of the FlowCAM for semi-automated recognition and enumeration of red tide cells (Karenia brevis) in natural plankton samples. Harmful Algae 5:685-92.
    • (2006) Harmful Algae , vol.5 , pp. 685-692
    • Buskey, E.J.1    Hyatt, C.J.2
  • 9
    • 34247230355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublethal effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on marine copepod behavior
    • Cohen, J. H., Tester, P. A. & Forward, R. B. 2007. Sublethal effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis on marine copepod behavior. J. Plankton Res. 29:301-15.
    • (2007) J. Plankton Res. , vol.29 , pp. 301-315
    • Cohen, J.H.1    Tester, P.A.2    Forward, R.B.3
  • 10
    • 0022248838 scopus 로고
    • Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense
    • Coley, P. D., Bryant, J. P. & Chapin III, F. S. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230:895-9.
    • (1985) Science , vol.230 , pp. 895-899
    • Coley, P.D.1    Bryant, J.P.2    Chapin III, F.S.3
  • 11
    • 73049090440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in brevetoxin and brevenal content among clonal cultures of Karenia brevis may influence bloom toxicity
    • Errera, R. M., Bourdelais, A., Drennan, M. A., Dodd, E. B., Henrichs, D. W. & Campbell, L. 2010. Variation in brevetoxin and brevenal content among clonal cultures of Karenia brevis may influence bloom toxicity. Toxicon 55:195-203.
    • (2010) Toxicon , vol.55 , pp. 195-203
    • Errera, R.M.1    Bourdelais, A.2    Drennan, M.A.3    Dodd, E.B.4    Henrichs, D.W.5    Campbell, L.6
  • 12
    • 34547246600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA
    • Falkowski, P. G. & Raven, J. A. 2007. Aquatic Photosynthesis, 2nd ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA, pp. 287-90.
    • (2007) Aquatic Photosynthesis , pp. 287-290
    • Falkowski, P.G.1    Raven, J.A.2
  • 13
    • 34548131992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brevetoxin exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) associated with Karenia brevis blooms in Sarasota Bay, Florida
    • Fire, S. E., Fauquier, D., Flewelling, L. J., Henry, M., Naar, J., Pierce, R. & Wells, R. S. 2007. Brevetoxin exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) associated with Karenia brevis blooms in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Mar. Biol. 152:827-34.
    • (2007) Mar. Biol. , vol.152 , pp. 827-834
    • Fire, S.E.1    Fauquier, D.2    Flewelling, L.J.3    Henry, M.4    Naar, J.5    Pierce, R.6    Wells, R.S.7
  • 15
    • 77954251883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and phosphate availability control the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum
    • 2 and phosphate availability control the toxicity of the harmful bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 59:55-65.
    • (2010) Aquat. Microb. Ecol. , vol.59 , pp. 55-65
    • Fu, F.X.1    Place, A.R.2    Garcia, N.S.3    Hutchins, D.A.4
  • 17
    • 1342312005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand
    • Haywood, A. J., Steidinger, K. A., Truby, E. W., Bergquist, P. R., Bergquist, P. L., Adamson, J. & MacKenzie, L. 2004. Comparative morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three new species of the genus Karenia (Dinophyceae) from New Zealand. J. Phycol. 40:165-79.
    • (2004) J. Phycol. , vol.40 , pp. 165-179
    • Haywood, A.J.1    Steidinger, K.A.2    Truby, E.W.3    Bergquist, P.R.4    Bergquist, P.L.5    Adamson, J.6    MacKenzie, L.7
  • 18
    • 61549126325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karenia brevis monitoring, management, and mitigation for Florida molluscan shellfish harvesting areas
    • Heil, D. C. 2009. Karenia brevis monitoring, management, and mitigation for Florida molluscan shellfish harvesting areas. Harmful Algae 8:608-10.
    • (2009) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 608-610
    • Heil, D.C.1
  • 19
    • 61549090878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring, management, and mitigation of Karenia blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico
    • Heil, C. A. & Steidinger, K. A. 2009. Monitoring, management, and mitigation of Karenia blooms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 8:611-7.
    • (2009) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 611-617
    • Heil, C.A.1    Steidinger, K.A.2
  • 23
    • 33745606958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeled Karenia brevis accumulation in the vicinity of a coastal nutrient front
    • Janowitz, G. S. & Kamykowski, D. 2006. Modeled Karenia brevis accumulation in the vicinity of a coastal nutrient front. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 314:49-59.
    • (2006) Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , vol.314 , pp. 49-59
    • Janowitz, G.S.1    Kamykowski, D.2
  • 24
    • 37449010227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional wind and behaviorally driven population dynamics model for Karenia brevis
    • Janowitz, G. S., Kamykowski, D. & Liu, G. 2008. A three-dimensional wind and behaviorally driven population dynamics model for Karenia brevis. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:177-88.
    • (2008) Cont. Shelf Res. , vol.28 , pp. 177-188
    • Janowitz, G.S.1    Kamykowski, D.2    Liu, G.3
  • 25
    • 0345534592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell density, chemical composition and toxicity of Chrysochromulina polylepis (Haptophyta) in relation to different N:P supply ratios
    • Johansson, N. & Graneli, E. 1999a. Cell density, chemical composition and toxicity of Chrysochromulina polylepis (Haptophyta) in relation to different N:P supply ratios. Mar. Biol. 135:209-17.
    • (1999) Mar. Biol. , vol.135 , pp. 209-217
    • Johansson, N.1    Graneli, E.2
  • 26
    • 0344224255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of different nutrient conditions on cell density, chemical composition and toxicity of Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cultures
    • Johansson, N. & Graneli, E. 1999b. Influence of different nutrient conditions on cell density, chemical composition and toxicity of Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyta) in semi-continuous cultures. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 239:243-58.
    • (1999) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.239 , pp. 243-258
    • Johansson, N.1    Graneli, E.2
  • 27
    • 0000427805 scopus 로고
    • Microwave treatment for sterilization of phytoplankton culture media
    • Keller, M. D., Bellows, W. K. & Guillard, R. R. L. 1988. Microwave treatment for sterilization of phytoplankton culture media. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 117:279-83.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.117 , pp. 279-283
    • Keller, M.D.1    Bellows, W.K.2    Guillard, R.R.L.3
  • 29
    • 61549121088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karenia brevis red tides, brevetoxins in the food web, and impacts on natural resources: Decadal advancements
    • Landsberg, J. H., Flewelling, L. J. & Naar, J. 2009. Karenia brevis red tides, brevetoxins in the food web, and impacts on natural resources: Decadal advancements. Harmful Algae 8:598-607.
    • (2009) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 598-607
    • Landsberg, J.H.1    Flewelling, L.J.2    Naar, J.3
  • 30
    • 70449518174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brevetoxin and brevenal composition of three Karenia brevis clones at different salinities and nutrient conditions
    • Lekan, D. K. & Tomas, C. R. 2010. The brevetoxin and brevenal composition of three Karenia brevis clones at different salinities and nutrient conditions. Harmful Algae 9:39-47.
    • (2010) Harmful Algae , vol.9 , pp. 39-47
    • Lekan, D.K.1    Tomas, C.R.2
  • 31
    • 0034852930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient-limited growth of Aureoumbra lagunensis (Pelagophyceae), with implications for its capability to outgrow other phytoplankton species in phosphate-limited environments
    • Liu, H., Laws, E., Villareal, T. & Buskey, E. 2001. Nutrient-limited growth of Aureoumbra lagunensis (Pelagophyceae), with implications for its capability to outgrow other phytoplankton species in phosphate-limited environments. J. Phycol. 37:500-8.
    • (2001) J. Phycol. , vol.37 , pp. 500-508
    • Liu, H.1    Laws, E.2    Villareal, T.3    Buskey, E.4
  • 32
    • 54049118729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of brevetoxin in recent marine sediments
    • Mendoza, W. G., Mead, R. N., Brand, L. E. & Shea, D. 2008. Determination of brevetoxin in recent marine sediments. Chemosphere 73:1373-7.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.73 , pp. 1373-1377
    • Mendoza, W.G.1    Mead, R.N.2    Brand, L.E.3    Shea, D.4
  • 33
    • 33745323804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of harmful algal blooms by zooplankton predatory activity
    • Mitra, A. & Flynn, K. J. 2006. Promotion of harmful algal blooms by zooplankton predatory activity. Biol. Lett. 2:194-7.
    • (2006) Biol. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 194-197
    • Mitra, A.1    Flynn, K.J.2
  • 34
    • 57749182661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firm-level economic effects of HABS: A tool for business loss assessment
    • Morgan, K. L., Larkin, S. L. & Adams, C. M. 2009. Firm-level economic effects of HABS: A tool for business loss assessment. Harmful Algae 8:212-8.
    • (2009) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 212-218
    • Morgan, K.L.1    Larkin, S.L.2    Adams, C.M.3
  • 35
    • 0033506468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoprotection revisited: genetic and molecular approaches
    • Niyogi, K. K. 1999. Photoprotection revisited: genetic and molecular approaches. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 50:333-59.
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 333-359
    • Niyogi, K.K.1
  • 36
    • 0032462941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental stress and domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia: a physiological perspective
    • Pan, Y., Bates, S. & Cembella, A. 1998. Environmental stress and domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia: a physiological perspective. Nat. Toxins 6:127-35.
    • (1998) Nat. Toxins , vol.6 , pp. 127-135
    • Pan, Y.1    Bates, S.2    Cembella, A.3
  • 37
    • 9444293386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in domoic acid production and cellular chemical composition of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under phosphate limitation
    • Pan, Y. & Rao, S. 1996. Changes in domoic acid production and cellular chemical composition of the toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under phosphate limitation. J. Phycol. 32:371-81.
    • (1996) J. Phycol. , vol.32 , pp. 371-381
    • Pan, Y.1    Rao, S.2
  • 38
    • 1342311380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms
    • Paul, V. J. & Puglisi, M. P. 2004. Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms. Nat. Prod. Rep. 21:189-209.
    • (2004) Nat. Prod. Rep. , vol.21 , pp. 189-209
    • Paul, V.J.1    Puglisi, M.P.2
  • 39
    • 37349061117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brevetoxin abundance and composition during ECOHAB-Florida field monitoring cruises in the Gulf of Mexico
    • Pierce, R., Henry, M. & Blum, P. 2008. Brevetoxin abundance and composition during ECOHAB-Florida field monitoring cruises in the Gulf of Mexico. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:45-58.
    • (2008) Cont. Shelf Res. , vol.28 , pp. 45-58
    • Pierce, R.1    Henry, M.2    Blum, P.3
  • 40
    • 27644460023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brevetoxin composition in water and marine aerosol along a Florida beach: Assessing potential human exposure to marine biotoxins
    • Pierce, R. H., Henry, M. S., Blum, P. C., Hamel, S. L., Kirkpatrick, B., Cheng, Y. S., Zhou, Y. et al. 2005. Brevetoxin composition in water and marine aerosol along a Florida beach: Assessing potential human exposure to marine biotoxins. Harmful Algae 4:965-72.
    • (2005) Harmful Algae , vol.4 , pp. 965-972
    • Pierce, R.H.1    Henry, M.S.2    Blum, P.C.3    Hamel, S.L.4    Kirkpatrick, B.5    Cheng, Y.S.6    Zhou, Y.7
  • 41
    • 0347262357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gymnodinium breve toxins without cells: intra-cellular and extra-cellular toxins
    • Hallegraeff, G. M., Blackburn, S. I., Bolch, C. J. & Lewis, R. J. [Eds.] Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 2001, Paris
    • Pierce, R. H., Henry, M., Blum, P. & Payne, S. 2001. Gymnodinium breve toxins without cells: intra-cellular and extra-cellular toxins. In : Hallegraeff, G. M., Blackburn, S. I., Bolch, C. J. & Lewis, R. J. [Eds.] Harmful Algal Blooms. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 2001, Paris, pp. 421-4.
    • (2001) Harmful Algal Blooms , pp. 421-424
    • Pierce, R.H.1    Henry, M.2    Blum, P.3    Payne, S.4
  • 42
    • 0033380890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brevetoxin modulates neuronal sodium channels in two cell lines derived from rat brain
    • Purkerson, S. L., Baden, D. G. & Fieber, L. A. 1999. Brevetoxin modulates neuronal sodium channels in two cell lines derived from rat brain. Neurotoxicology 20:909-20.
    • (1999) Neurotoxicology , vol.20 , pp. 909-920
    • Purkerson, S.L.1    Baden, D.G.2    Fieber, L.A.3
  • 43
    • 0000136630 scopus 로고
    • Toxin profiles are dependent on growth stages in cultured Ptychodiscus brevis
    • Granéli, E., Sundström, B., Edler, L. & Anderson, D. M. [Eds.] Elsevier, New York, USA
    • Roszell, L. E., Schulman, L. S. & Baden, D. G. 1989. Toxin profiles are dependent on growth stages in cultured Ptychodiscus brevis. In : Granéli, E., Sundström, B., Edler, L. & Anderson, D. M. [Eds.] Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Elsevier, New York, USA, pp. 403-6.
    • (1989) Toxic Marine Phytoplankton , pp. 403-406
    • Roszell, L.E.1    Schulman, L.S.2    Baden, D.G.3
  • 44
    • 0024887033 scopus 로고
    • A steady state description of growth and light absorption in the marine planktonic diatom Skeletonema costatum
    • Sakshaug, E., Andresen, K. & Kiefer, D. 1989. A steady state description of growth and light absorption in the marine planktonic diatom Skeletonema costatum. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34:198-205.
    • (1989) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.34 , pp. 198-205
    • Sakshaug, E.1    Andresen, K.2    Kiefer, D.3
  • 45
    • 0037334919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses
    • Stamp, N. 2003a. Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. Q. Rev. Biol. 78:23-55.
    • (2003) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.78 , pp. 23-55
    • Stamp, N.1
  • 46
    • 0042232117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of plant defensive level: example of process and pitfalls in development of ecological theory
    • Stamp, N. 2003b. Theory of plant defensive level: example of process and pitfalls in development of ecological theory. Oikos 102:672-8.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 672-678
    • Stamp, N.1
  • 48
    • 37349059371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrodynamic accumulation of Karenia brevis off the west coast of Florida
    • Stumpf, R. P., Litaker, R. W., Lanerolle, L. & Tester, P. A. 2008. Hydrodynamic accumulation of Karenia brevis off the west coast of Florida. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:189-213.
    • (2008) Cont. Shelf Res. , vol.28 , pp. 189-213
    • Stumpf, R.P.1    Litaker, R.W.2    Lanerolle, L.3    Tester, P.A.4
  • 49
    • 79956358511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of changing pCO2 and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries
    • Sun, J., Hutchins, D. A., Feng, Y., Seubert, E. L., Caron, D. A. & Fu, F. 2011. Effects of changing pCO2 and phosphate availability on domoic acid production and physiology of the marine harmful bloom diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. Limnol. Oceanogr. 56:829-40.
    • (2011) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.56 , pp. 829-840
    • Sun, J.1    Hutchins, D.A.2    Feng, Y.3    Seubert, E.L.4    Caron, D.A.5    Fu, F.6
  • 50
    • 33748950088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedback and the development and persistence of ecosystem disruptive algal blooms
    • Sunda, W. G., Graneli, E. & Gobler, C. J. 2006. Positive feedback and the development and persistence of ecosystem disruptive algal blooms. J. Phycol. 42:963-74.
    • (2006) J. Phycol. , vol.42 , pp. 963-974
    • Sunda, W.G.1    Graneli, E.2    Gobler, C.J.3
  • 51
    • 36749011239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonium uptake and growth limitation in marine phytoplankton
    • Sunda, W. G. & Hardison, D. R. 2007. Ammonium uptake and growth limitation in marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52:2496-506.
    • (2007) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.52 , pp. 2496-2506
    • Sunda, W.G.1    Hardison, D.R.2
  • 52
    • 35148870983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of nitrogen limitation on cellular DMSP and DMS release in marine phytoplankton: climate feedback implications
    • Sunda, W. G., Hardison, R., Kiene, R. P., Bucciarelli, E. & Harada, H. 2007. The effect of nitrogen limitation on cellular DMSP and DMS release in marine phytoplankton: climate feedback implications. Aquat. Sci. 69:341-51.
    • (2007) Aquat. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 341-351
    • Sunda, W.G.1    Hardison, R.2    Kiene, R.P.3    Bucciarelli, E.4    Harada, H.5
  • 53
    • 33044504629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace metal ion buffers and their use in culture studies
    • Andersen, R. A. [Ed.] Elsevier Academic Press, Maine, USA
    • Sunda, W. G., Price, N. M. & Morel, F. M. 2005. Trace metal ion buffers and their use in culture studies. In : Andersen, R. A. [Ed.] Algal Culturing Techniques. Elsevier Academic Press, Maine, USA, pp. 35-63.
    • (2005) Algal Culturing Techniques , pp. 35-63
    • Sunda, W.G.1    Price, N.M.2    Morel, F.M.3
  • 54
    • 37349112218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships among water column toxins, cell abundance and chlorophyll concentrations during Karenia brevis blooms
    • Tester, P. A., Shea, D., Kibler, S. R., Varnam, S. M., Black, M. D. & Litaker, R. W. 2008. Relationships among water column toxins, cell abundance and chlorophyll concentrations during Karenia brevis blooms. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:59-72.
    • (2008) Cont. Shelf Res. , vol.28 , pp. 59-72
    • Tester, P.A.1    Shea, D.2    Kibler, S.R.3    Varnam, S.M.4    Black, M.D.5    Litaker, R.W.6
  • 55
    • 0000802244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gymnodinium breve red tide blooms: Initiation, transport, and consequences of surface circulation
    • Tester, P. A. & Steidinger, K. A. 1997. Gymnodinium breve red tide blooms: Initiation, transport, and consequences of surface circulation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:1039-51.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 1039-1051
    • Tester, P.A.1    Steidinger, K.A.2
  • 56
    • 0001687194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic marine phytoplankton, zooplankton grazers, and pelagic food webs
    • Turner, J. T. & Tester, P. A. 1997. Toxic marine phytoplankton, zooplankton grazers, and pelagic food webs. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:1203-14.
    • (1997) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.42 , pp. 1203-1214
    • Turner, J.T.1    Tester, P.A.2
  • 57
    • 61549113815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief summary of the physiology and ecology of Karenia brevis Davis (G. Hansen and Moestrup comb. nov.) red tides on the West Florida Shelf and of hypotheses posed for their initiation, growth, maintenance, and termination
    • Vargo, G. A. 2009. A brief summary of the physiology and ecology of Karenia brevis Davis (G. Hansen and Moestrup comb. nov.) red tides on the West Florida Shelf and of hypotheses posed for their initiation, growth, maintenance, and termination. Harmful Algae 8:573-84.
    • (2009) Harmful Algae , vol.8 , pp. 573-584
    • Vargo, G.A.1
  • 59
    • 84855709290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control
    • Waggett, R. J., Hardison, D. R.Tester, P. A. 2012. Toxicity and nutritional inadequacy of Karenia brevis: synergistic mechanisms disrupt top-down grazer control. MEPS 444:15-30.
    • (2012) MEPS , vol.444 , pp. 15-30
    • Waggett, R.J.1    Hardison, D.R.2    Tester, P.A.3
  • 61
    • 0028160137 scopus 로고
    • Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments
    • Welschmeyer, N. A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39:1985-92.
    • (1994) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.39 , pp. 1985-1992
    • Welschmeyer, N.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.