Compositional and toxicological analysis of a GM potato line with reduced α-solanine content - A 90-day feeding study in the Syrian Golden hamster

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 177-185

  Langkilde, Søren ^a   Schrøder, Malene ^a   Frank, Thomas ^b   Shepherd, Louise V T ^c   Conner, Sean ^c   Davies, Howard V ^c   Meyer, Otto ^a   Danier, Jürgen ^b   Rychlik, Michael ^b   Belknap, William R ^d   McCue, Kent F ^d   Engel, Karl Heinz ^b   Stewart, Derek ^c   Knudsen, Ib ^a   Poulsen, Morten ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c SCOTTISH CROP RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d WESTERN REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Chaconine; Solanine; Acetylcholinesterase (AChE); Compositional analyses; Glycoalkaloid; GM; Hamster; Potato; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

ALPHA CHACONINE; ALPHA SOLANINE; SOLANINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD POISONING; FOOD SAFETY; HAMSTER; HEALTH HAZARD; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; POTATO; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; SYRIAN HAMSTER; TOXICITY TESTING; TOXICOKINETICS; TRANSGENIC PLANT; WILD TYPE;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY; CRICETINAE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; FOOD, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; FREEZE DRYING; HEMATOLOGIC TESTS; MESOCRICETUS; NUTRITIVE VALUE; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; SOLANINE; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; TOXICITY TESTS;

ANIMALIA; CRICETINAE; MESOCRICETUS AURATUS; SOLANACEAE; SOLANUM TUBEROSUM;

EID: 84864401416     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.06.018     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. 3H). J. Food Safety 1978, 1:257-273.
2. 3H, a steroidal glycoalkaloid from Solanum tuberosum L. and its metabolites in hamsters. Pharmacol. Res. 1979, 11:483-490.
3. AOAC Thiamine (vitamin B1) in human and pet food. AOAC Official Methods 2000, 45:6-7.
4. Baker D., Keeler R., Garfield W. Lesions of potato sprout and extracted potato sprout alkaloid toxicity in Syrian hamsters. Clin. Toxicol. 1987, 25:199-208.
5. Barceloux D.G. Potatoes, tomatoes, and solanine toxicity (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanum lycopersicum L.). Dis. Mon. 2009, 55:391-402.
6. Burlingame B. Fostering quality data in food composition databases: visions for the future. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2004, 17:251-258.
7. Burlingame B., Mouillé B., Charrondière R. Nutrients, bioactive non-nutrients and anti-nutrients in potato. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2009, 22:494-502.
8. Camire M.E., Kubow S., Donnelly D.J. Potatoes and human health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2009, 49:823-840.
9. Connor, S., 2007. Metabolomics as a tool to advance food safety; A model study using genetically modified potato. PhD Thesis, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
10. Davies A.M.C., Blincow P.J. Glycoalkaloid content of potatoes and 433 potato products sold in the UK. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1984, 35:553-557.
11. De Wilde T., De Meulenaer B., Mestdagh F., Govaert Y., Vandeburie S., Ooghe W., Fraselle S., Demeulemeester K., Van Peteghem C., Calus A., Degroodt J.M., Verhé R. Influence of fertilization on acrylamide formation during frying of potatoes harvested in 2003. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 2:404-408.
12. Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed: the role of animal feeding trials. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46:S2-S70. EFSA.
13. Essers A.J.A., Alink G.M., Speijders G.J.A., Alexander J., Bouwmeister P.-J., van den Brandt P.A., Ciere S., Gry J., Herrman J., Kuiper H.A., Mortby E., Renwick A.G., Shrimpton D.H., Vainio H., Vittozzi L., Koeman J.H. Food plant toxicants and safety - risk assessment and regulation of inherent toxicants in plant foods. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1998, 5:155-172.
14. FAO, 2008. Food and Agricultural Organization 410 of the United Nations, http://www.potato2008.org/en/world/index.html.
15. FAO/WHO, 1999. Summary of Evaluations Performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Washington, ILSI Press.
16. Fricker A. Fatty acid composition of lipids in potatoes. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 1970, 142:24-30.
17. Friedman M. Potato glycoalkaloids and metabolites: roles in the plant and in the diet. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54:8655-8681.
18. Friedman M., Dao L. Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato plants and commercial potato products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40:419-423.
19. Groen K., Pereboom-De Fauw D.P.K.H., Besamusca P., Beekhof P.K., Speijers G.J.A., Derks H.J.G.M. Bioavailability and disposition of α-solanine in rat and hamster. Xenobiotica 1993, 23:995-1005.
20. Hansen A.A. Two cases of fatal potato poisoning. Science 1925, 61:348-349.
21. Jadhav S.J., Sharma R.P., Salunkhe D.K. Naturally occurring toxic alkaloids in foods. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1981, 9:21-104.
22. Jakob E., Elmadfa I. Rapid and simple HPLC analysis of vitamin K in food, tissues and blood. Food Chem. 1996, 56:87-91.
23. James C.S. Analytical Chemistry of Foods 1995, Chapman & Hall, Glasgow, UK, pp. 37-67.
24. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 1992. Evaluation of certain food additives and naturally occurring toxicants. WHO Technical Report Series 828, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
25. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 1993. Solanine and chaconine. In: Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and naturally occurring toxicants, WHO Food Additive Series: 30. World Health Organization, Geneva.
26. Keeler, K., Tu, A.T., 1983. Handbook of Natural Toxins. Plant and Fungal Toxins, Vol. 1. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
27. Keukens E.A.J., de Vrije T., Jansen L.A.M., de Boer H., Janssen M., de Kroon A.I.P.M., Jongen W.M.F., de Kruijff B. Glycoalkaloids selectively permeabilize cholesterol containing biomembranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1996, 1279:243-250.
28. Knuthsen P., Jensen U., Schmidt B., Larsen I.K. Glycoalkaloids in potatoes: content of glycoalkaloids in potatoes for consumption. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2009, 22:577-581.
29. Langkilde S., Schrøder M., Stewart D., Meyer O., Conner S., Davies H., Poulsen M. Acute toxicity of high doses of the glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, in the Syrian Golden hamster. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56:8753-8760.
30. Langkilde S., Mandimika T., Schrøder M., Meyer O., Slob W., Peijnenburg A., Poulsen M. A 28-day repeat dose toxicity study of steroidal glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine in the Syrian Golden hamster. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:1099-1108.
31. Lutaladio N., Castaldi L. Potato: the hidden treasure. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2009, 22:491-493.
32. McCue K.F., Corsini D.L., Allen P.V., Rockhold D.R., Maccree M.M., Shepherd L.V.T., Moehs C.P., Joyce P., Davies H., Belknap W.R. Reduction of total steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers using antisense constructs of a gene encoding a solanidine glucosyl transferase. Acta Hort. 2003, 619:77-86.
33. McCue K.F., Shepherd L.V.T., Allen P.V., Maccree M.M., Rockhold D.R., Corsini D.L., Davies H.V., Belknap W.R. Metabolic compensation of steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in transgenic potato tubers: using reverse genetics to confirm the in vivo enzyme function of a steroidal alkaloid galactosyltransferase. Plant Sci. 2005, 168. 367-273.
34. McMillan M., Thompson J.C. An outbreak of suspected solanine poisoning in school boys; examination of criteria of solanine poisoning. Q. J. Med. 1979, 48:227-243.
35. Mensinga T.T., Sips A.J.A.M., Rompelberg C.J.M., van Twillert K., Meulenbelt J., van den Top H.J., van Egmond H.P. Potato glycoalkaloids and adverse effects in humans: an ascending dose study. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmcol. 2005, 41:66-72.
36. Morris S.C., Lee T.H. The toxicity and teratogenicity of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids, particularly those of the potato (Solanum tuberosum): a review. Food Technol. Aust. 1984, 36:118-124.
37. OECD, 2002. Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds, No. 4. Consensus document on compositional considerations for new varieties of potatoes: key food and feed nutrients, antinutrients and toxicants.
38. Phillippy B.Q., Lin M., Rasco B. Analysis of phytate in raw and cooked potatoes. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2004, 17:217-226.
39. Phillips B.J., Hughes J.A., Phillips J.C., Walters D.G., Anderson D., Tahourdin C.S.M. A study of the toxic hazard that might be associated with the consumption of green potato tops. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1996, 34:439-448.
40. Poulsen M., Schrøder M., Wilcks A., Kroghsbo S., Lindecrona R.H., Miller A., Frenzel T., Danier J., Rychlik M., Shu Q., Emami K., Taylor M., Gatehouse A., Engel K.H., Knudsen I. Safety testing of GM-rice expressing PHA-E lectin using a new animal test design. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2007, 45:364-377.
41. Reeves, P.G., Nielsen, F.H., Fahey Jr., G.C., 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J. Nutr. 123, 1939-1951.
42. Riley H. Ptato consumption in the UK - why is " meat and two veg" no longer the traditional British meal?. Nutr. Bull. 2010, 35:320-331.
43. Roddick J.G., Rijnenberg A.L. Synergistic interaction between potato glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in relation to lysis of phospholipids/sterol liposomes. Phytochemistry 1987, 26:1325-1328.
44. Roddick J.G., Rijnenberg A.L., Osman S.F. Synergistic interaction between potato glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in relation to destabilization of cell membranes: ecological implications. J. Chem. Ecol. 1988, 14:889-902.
45. Roddick J.G., Weissenberg M., Leonard A.L. Membrane disruption and enzyme inhibition by naturally-occurring and modified chacotriose-containing Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids. Phytochemistry 2001, 56:603-610.
46. Ruprich J., Rehurkova I., Boon P.E., Svensson K., Moussavian S., Van der Voet H., Bosgra S., Van Klaveren J.D., Busk L. Probabilistic modelling of exposure doses and implications for health risk characterization: glycoalkaloids from potatoes. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47:2899-2905.
47. Rychlik M. Pantothenic acid quantification by a stable isotope dilution assay based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2003, 128:832-837.
48. Rychlik M. Revised folate content of foods determined by stable isotope dilution assays. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2004, 17:475-483.
49. Scherz H., Senser F. Souci-Fachmann-Kraut Food Composition and Nutrition Tables 2000, Medpharm Scientific Publication, Stuttgart.
50. Slanina P. Solanine (glycoalkaloids) in potatoes: toxicological evaluation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1990, 28:759-761.
51. Smith D.B., Roddick J.G., Jones J.L. Potato glycoalkaloids: some unanswered questions. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 1996, 7:126-131.
52. Snyder G.W., Belknap W.R. A modified method for routine Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro grown potato microtubers. Plant Cell Rep. 1993, 12:324-327.
53. Storey, R.J.M., Davies, H.V., 1992. Tuber Quality. In: Harris, P. (Ed.), The Potato Crop: The Scientific Basis for Improvements. ISBN 0-412-29640-3. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 507-569.
54. Takagi K., Toyoda M., Fujiyama Y., Saito Y. Effect of cooking on the contents of α-chaconine and α-solanine of potatoes. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 1990, 31:67-73.
55. Synge R.L.M. Free amino acids of potato tubers: a survey of published results set out according to potato variety. Potato Res. 1977, 20:1-7.
56. Thompson S.W.T. Selected Histochemical and Histopathological Methods 1966, Thomas CC, Springfield, Il, pp. 333-334.
57. Tu A.T., Keeler R.F., Hardegree M.C. Handbook of Natural Toxins 1992, Marcel Dekker, New York.
58. USDA, 2004. Agricultural Research Service. USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 19. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12354500.
59. van der Steege G., Nieboer M., Swaving J., Templaar M.J. Potato granule-bound starch synthase promoter-controlled GUS expression: regulation of expression after transient and stable transformation. Plant Mol. Biol. 1992, 20:19-30.
60. van Gelder, W.M.J., 1990. Chemistry, Toxicology, and Occurrence of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Potential Contaminants of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In: Poisonous Plant Contamination of Edible Plants. Rizk A-F (Ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 117-156.
61. VDLUFA, 1996. Methodenbuch, VII - Umweltanalytik. Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten, Bonn, Germany.
62. VDLUFA, 1997. Methodenbuch, III - Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten, Bonn, Germany.
63. Wills R.B., Shaw C.G., Day W.R. Analysis of water soluble vitamins by high pressure liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1977, 15:262-266.