메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 585-601

Ergogenic effects of β-alanine and carnosine: Proposed future research to quantify their efficacy

Author keywords

Amino acid; Carnosine; Dietary supplement; Paraesthesia

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; BETA ALANINE; BUFFER; CARNOSINE; HISTIDINE; LACTIC ACID;

EID: 84864343417     PISSN: 20726643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/nu4070585     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 77952488535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ß-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance
    • Artoli, G.G.; Gualano, B.; Smith, A.; Stout, J.; Lancha, A.H. Role of ß-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine and exercise performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2009, 42, 1162-1173.
    • (2009) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , vol.42 , pp. 1162-1173
    • Artoli, G.G.1    Gualano, B.2    Smith, A.3    Stout, J.4    Lancha, A.H.5
  • 2
    • 77749270811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle carnosine metabolism and ß-alanine supplementation in relation to exercise and training
    • Derave, W.; Everaert, I.; Beckman, S.; Baguet, A. Muscle carnosine metabolism and ß-alanine supplementation in relation to exercise and training. Sports Med. 2010, 40, 247-263.
    • (2010) Sports Med. , vol.40 , pp. 247-263
    • Derave, W.1    Everaert, I.2    Beckman, S.3    Baguet, A.4
  • 3
    • 84862741562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ß-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: A meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z
    • Hobson, R.M.; Saunders, B.; Ball, G.; Harris, R.C.; Sale, C. Effects of ß-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: A meta-analysis. Amino Acids 2012, doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z.
    • (2012) Amino Acids
    • Hobson, R.M.1    Saunders, B.2    Ball, G.3    Harris, R.C.4    Sale, C.5
  • 4
    • 78149333413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performance
    • Sale, C.; Saunders, B.; Harris, R.C. Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performance. Amino Acids 2010, 39, 321-333.
    • (2010) Amino Acids , vol.39 , pp. 321-333
    • Sale, C.1    Saunders, B.2    Harris, R.C.3
  • 5
    • 79952022812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ß-alanine on muscle carnsoine and exercise performance: A review of the current literature
    • Culbertson, J.Y.; Kreider, R.B.; Greenwood, M.; Cooke, M. Effects of ß-alanine on muscle carnsoine and exercise performance: A review of the current literature. Nutrients 2010, 2, 75-98.
    • (2010) Nutrients , vol.2 , pp. 75-98
    • Culbertson, J.Y.1    Kreider, R.B.2    Greenwood, M.3    Cooke, M.4
  • 6
    • 56849100112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): A double-blind randomized study
    • doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21
    • Stout, J.R.; Graves, B.S.; Smith, A.E.; Hartman, M.J.; Cramer, J.T.; Beck, T.W.; Harris, R.C. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 Years): A double-blind randomized study. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2008, 5, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21.
    • (2008) J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. , vol.5
    • Stout, J.R.1    Graves, B.S.2    Smith, A.E.3    Hartman, M.J.4    Cramer, J.T.5    Beck, T.W.6    Harris, R.C.7
  • 7
    • 0034913997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic ß-alanine synthases are functionally related but have a high degree of structural diversity
    • Gojkovic, Z.; Sandrini, M.P.; Piskur, J. Eukaryotic ß-alanine synthases are functionally related but have a high degree of structural diversity. Genetics 2001, 158, 999-1011.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 999-1011
    • Gojkovic, Z.1    Sandrini, M.P.2    Piskur, J.3
  • 9
    • 0036023374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the letter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting
    • Suzuki, Y.; Osamu, I.; Mukai, N.; Takahashi, H.; Takamatsu, K. High level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the letter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting. Jpn. J. Physiol. 2002, 52, 199-205.
    • (2002) Jpn. J. Physiol. , vol.52 , pp. 199-205
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Osamu, I.2    Mukai, N.3    Takahashi, H.4    Takamatsu, K.5
  • 11
    • 84862765255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing human in vivo dosing and delivery of ß-alanine supplements for muscle carnosine synthesis
    • doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1245-7
    • Sterlingwerff, T.; Decombaz, J.; Harris, R.C.; Boesch, C. Optimizing human in vivo dosing and delivery of ß-alanine supplements for muscle carnosine synthesis. Amino Acids 2012, doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1245-7.
    • (2012) Amino Acids
    • Sterlingwerff, T.1    Decombaz, J.2    Harris, R.C.3    Boesch, C.4
  • 14
    • 67349092823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of 4 weeks ß-alanine supplementation and isokinetic training on carnosine concentrations in type I and II human skeletal muscle fibres
    • Kendrick, I.P.; Kim, H.J.; Harris, R.C.; Kim, C.K.; Dang, V.H.; Lam, T.Q.; Bui, T.T.; Wise, J.A. The effect of 4 weeks ß-alanine supplementation and isokinetic training on carnosine concentrations in type I and II human skeletal muscle fibres. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009, 106, 131-138.
    • (2009) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.106 , pp. 131-138
    • Kendrick, I.P.1    Kim, H.J.2    Harris, R.C.3    Kim, C.K.4    Dang, V.H.5    Lam, T.Q.6    Bui, T.T.7    Wise, J.A.8
  • 15
    • 0028171948 scopus 로고
    • Transport of beta-alanine and biosynthesis of carnoisne by skeletal cells in primary culture
    • Bakardjiev, A.; Bauer, K. Transport of beta-alanine and biosynthesis of carnoisne by skeletal cells in primary culture. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994, 225, 617-623.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.225 , pp. 617-623
    • Bakardjiev, A.1    Bauer, K.2
  • 16
    • 33644834859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional evaluation of human peptide/histidine transports 1 (hPHT1) in transiently transfected COS-7 cells
    • Bhardwaj, R.K.; Herrera-Ruiz, D.; Eltoukhy, N.; Saad, M.; Knipp, G.T. The functional evaluation of human peptide/histidine transports 1 (hPHT1) in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2006, 27, 533-542.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 533-542
    • Bhardwaj, R.K.1    Herrera-Ruiz, D.2    Eltoukhy, N.3    Saad, M.4    Knipp, G.T.5
  • 17
    • 57749202043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport mechanisms of carnosine in SKPT cells contribution of apical and basolateral membrane transporters
    • Jappar, D.; Hu, Y.; Keep, R.F.; Smith, D.E. Transport mechanisms of carnosine in SKPT cells contribution of apical and basolateral membrane transporters. Pharm. Res. 2009, 26, 172-181.
    • (2009) Pharm. Res. , vol.26 , pp. 172-181
    • Jappar, D.1    Hu, Y.2    Keep, R.F.3    Smith, D.E.4
  • 18
    • 0024990775 scopus 로고
    • Muscle buffering capacity and dipepetide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man
    • Harris, R.C.; Marlin, D.J.; Dunnett, M. Muscle buffering capacity and dipepetide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 1990, 97, 249-251.
    • (1990) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.97 , pp. 249-251
    • Harris, R.C.1    Marlin, D.J.2    Dunnett, M.3
  • 20
    • 35649013167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ß-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters
    • Derave, W.; Özdemir, M.S.; Harris, R.C.; Pottier, A.; Reyngoudt, H.; Koppo, K.; Wise, J.A.; Achten, E. ß-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters. J. Appl. Physiol. 2007, 103, 1736-1743.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.103 , pp. 1736-1743
    • Derave, W.1    Özdemir, M.S.2    Harris, R.C.3    Pottier, A.4    Reyngoudt, H.5    Koppo, K.6    Wise, J.A.7    Achten, E.8
  • 21
    • 0031137074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnosine, anserine and taurine contents in individual fibres from the middle gluteal muscle of the camel
    • Dunnett, M.; Harris, R.C.; Soliman, M.Z.; Surwar, A.A. Carnosine, anserine and taurine contents in individual fibres from the middle gluteal muscle of the camel. Res. Vet. Sci. 1997, 62, 213-216.
    • (1997) Res. Vet. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 213-216
    • Dunnett, M.1    Harris, R.C.2    Soliman, M.Z.3    Surwar, A.A.4
  • 22
  • 23
    • 10744219955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender-related differences in carnosine, anserine and lysine content of murine skeletal muscle
    • Penafiel, R.; Ruzafa, C.; Monserrat, F.; Cremades, A. Gender-related differences in carnosine, anserine and lysine content of murine skeletal muscle. Amino Acids 2004, 26, 53-58.
    • (2004) Amino Acids , vol.26 , pp. 53-58
    • Penafiel, R.1    Ruzafa, C.2    Monserrat, F.3    Cremades, A.4
  • 24
    • 0027293651 scopus 로고
    • Does carnosine possess direct anti-oxidant activity?
    • Boldyrev, A.A. Does carnosine possess direct anti-oxidant activity? Int. J. Biochem. 1993, 25, 1101-1107.
    • (1993) Int. J. Biochem. , vol.25 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Boldyrev, A.A.1
  • 26
    • 62349135363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the enigma of carnosine's anti-aging action
    • Hipkiss, A.R. On the enigma of carnosine's anti-aging action. Exp. Gerontol. 2008, 44, 237-242.
    • (2008) Exp. Gerontol. , vol.44 , pp. 237-242
    • Hipkiss, A.R.1
  • 27
    • 0029111529 scopus 로고
    • Non-enzymatic glycosylation of the dipeptide L-carnosine, a potential anti-protein-cross-linking agent
    • Hipkiss, A.R.; Michaelis, J.; Syrris, P. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of the dipeptide L-carnosine, a potential anti-protein-cross-linking agent. FEBS Lett. 1995, 371, 81-85.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett. , vol.371 , pp. 81-85
    • Hipkiss, A.R.1    Michaelis, J.2    Syrris, P.3
  • 28
    • 0034751108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo inhibition of muscle lipid and protein oxidation by carnosine
    • Nagasawa, T.; Yonekura, T.; Nishizawa, N.; Kitts, D.D. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of muscle lipid and protein oxidation by carnosine. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2001, 225, 29-34.
    • (2001) Mol. Cell Biochem. , vol.225 , pp. 29-34
    • Nagasawa, T.1    Yonekura, T.2    Nishizawa, N.3    Kitts, D.D.4
  • 29
    • 0034221295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between carnosine and zinc and copper: Implications for neuromodulation and neuroprotection
    • Trombley, P.Q.; Horning, M.S.; Blakemore, L.J. Interactions between carnosine and zinc and copper: Implications for neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Biochemistry (Mosc.) 2000, 65, 807-816.
    • (2000) Biochemistry (Mosc.) , vol.65 , pp. 807-816
    • Trombley, P.Q.1    Horning, M.S.2    Blakemore, L.J.3
  • 32
    • 0032085203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate production and clearance in exercise. Effects of training. A mini-review
    • Stallknecht, B.; Vissing, J.; Galbo, H. Lactate production and clearance in exercise. Effects of training. A mini-review. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 1998, 8, 127-131.
    • (1998) Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports , vol.8 , pp. 127-131
    • Stallknecht, B.1    Vissing, J.2    Galbo, H.3
  • 33
    • 0030854965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise
    • Green, H.J. Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise. J. Sports Sci. 1997, 15, 247-256.
    • (1997) J. Sports Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 247-256
    • Green, H.J.1
  • 34
    • 0024439203 scopus 로고
    • Changes in force and intracellular metabolites during fatigue of human skeletal muscle
    • Cady, E.B.; Jones, D.A.; Lynn, J.; Newham, D.J. Changes in force and intracellular metabolites during fatigue of human skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 1989, 418, 311-325.
    • (1989) J. Physiol. , vol.418 , pp. 311-325
    • Cady, E.B.1    Jones, D.A.2    Lynn, J.3    Newham, D.J.4
  • 35
    • 33645506831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactic acid and exercise performance: Culprit or friend?
    • Cairns, S.P. Lactic acid and exercise performance: Culprit or friend? Sports Med. 2006, 36, 279-291.
    • (2006) Sports Med. , vol.36 , pp. 279-291
    • Cairns, S.P.1
  • 36
    • 84864349334 scopus 로고
    • Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans
    • Mannion, A.F.; Jakeman, P.M.; Dunnett, M.; Harris, R.C.; Willian, P.L. Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1992, 68, 356-361.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.68 , pp. 356-361
    • Mannion, A.F.1    Jakeman, P.M.2    Dunnett, M.3    Harris, R.C.4    Willian, P.L.5
  • 37
    • 80052828234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nothing "evil" and no "conundrum" about muscle lactate production
    • Robergs, R.A. Nothing "evil" and no "conundrum" about muscle lactate production. Exp. Physiol. 2011, 96, 1097-1098.
    • (2011) Exp. Physiol. , vol.96 , pp. 1097-1098
    • Robergs, R.A.1
  • 38
    • 0028107645 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue
    • Fitts, R.H. Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue. Physiol. Rev. 1994, 74, 49-94.
    • (1994) Physiol. Rev. , vol.74 , pp. 49-94
    • Fitts, R.H.1
  • 39
    • 0027378336 scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic energy release in working muscles during 30 s to 3 min of exhaustive bicycling
    • Medbo, J.O.; Tabata, I. Anaerobic energy release in working muscles during 30 s to 3 min of exhaustive bicycling. J. Appl. Physiol. 1993, 75, 1654-1660.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.75 , pp. 1654-1660
    • Medbo, J.O.1    Tabata, I.2
  • 40
    • 0017042973 scopus 로고
    • Lactate content and pH in muscle samples obtained after dynamic exercise
    • Sahlin, K.; Harris, R.C.; Nylind, B. Lactate content and pH in muscle samples obtained after dynamic exercise. Pflügers Arch. 1976, 367, 143-149.
    • (1976) Pflügers Arch. , vol.367 , pp. 143-149
    • Sahlin, K.1    Harris, R.C.2    Nylind, B.3
  • 41
    • 4043110513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lactate metabolism: A new paradigm for the third millennium
    • Gladden, L.B. Lactate metabolism: A new paradigm for the third millennium. J. Physiol. 2004, 558, 5-30.
    • (2004) J. Physiol. , vol.558 , pp. 5-30
    • Gladden, L.B.1
  • 42
    • 0025897579 scopus 로고
    • Elongation of skeletal muscle relaxation during exercise is linked to reduced calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in man
    • Gollnick, P.D.; Korge, P.; Karpakka, J.; Saltin, B. Elongation of skeletal muscle relaxation during exercise is linked to reduced calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in man. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1991, 142, 135-136.
    • (1991) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.142 , pp. 135-136
    • Gollnick, P.D.1    Korge, P.2    Karpakka, J.3    Saltin, B.4
  • 43
    • 84944495275 scopus 로고
    • The buffering of muscle in rigor; protein, phosphate and carnosine
    • Bate Smith, E.C. The buffering of muscle in rigor; protein, phosphate and carnosine. J. Physiol. 1938, 92, 336-343.
    • (1938) J. Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 336-343
    • Bate Smith, E.C.1
  • 44
    • 77949444167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity
    • Sweeney, K.M.; Wright, G.A.; Brice, A.G.; Doberstein, S.T. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 79-87.
    • (2010) J. Strength Cond. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 79-87
    • Sweeney, K.M.1    Wright, G.A.2    Brice, A.G.3    Doberstein, S.T.4
  • 45
    • 84859616913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca2+-sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in human skeletal muscle fibers
    • Dutka, T.L.; Lamboley, C.R.; McKenna, M.J.; Murphy, R.M.; Lamb, G.D. Effects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca2+-sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in human skeletal muscle fibers. J. Appl. Physiol. 2011, 112, 728-736.
    • (2011) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.112 , pp. 728-736
    • Dutka, T.L.1    Lamboley, C.R.2    McKenna, M.J.3    Murphy, R.M.4    Lamb, G.D.5
  • 46
    • 29544441605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of sprint training on skeletal muscle carnosine in humans
    • Suzuki, Y.; Ito, O.; Takahashi, H.; Takamasu, K. The effect of sprint training on skeletal muscle carnosine in humans. Int. J. Sports Health Sci. 2004, 2, 105-110.
    • (2004) Int. J. Sports Health Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 105-110
    • Suzuki, Y.1    Ito, O.2    Takahashi, H.3    Takamasu, K.4
  • 47
    • 34548353369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle carnosine elevation with supplementation and training, and the effects of elevation on exercise performance
    • Presented at the, New Orleans, LA, USA, 16-18 June
    • Harris, R.C. Muscle carnosine elevation with supplementation and training, and the effects of elevation on exercise performance. Presented at the 2nd Annual International Society of Sports Nutrition Conference, New Orleans, LA, USA, 16-18 June 2005; pp. 39-40.
    • (2005) 2nd Annual International Society of Sports Nutrition Conference , pp. 39-40
    • Harris, R.C.1
  • 48
    • 33845764857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle composition and exercise performance
    • Hill, C.A.; Harris, R.C.; Kim, H.J.; Boobis, L.; Sale, C.; Wise, J.A. The effect of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle composition and exercise performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005, 37, S348.
    • (2005) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , vol.37
    • Hill, C.A.1    Harris, R.C.2    Kim, H.J.3    Boobis, L.4    Sale, C.5    Wise, J.A.6
  • 49
    • 34548363627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on anaerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion
    • Zoeller, R.F.; Stout, J.R.; O'Kroy, J.A.; Torok, D.J.; Mielke, M. Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on anaerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids 2007, 33, 505-510.
    • (2007) Amino Acids , vol.33 , pp. 505-510
    • Zoeller, R.F.1    Stout, J.R.2    O'Kroy, J.A.3    Torok, D.J.4    Mielke, M.5
  • 50
    • 33846696040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ß-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity
    • Hill, C.A.; Harris, R.C.; Kim, H.J.; Harris, B.D.; Sale, C.; Boobis, L.H.; Kim, C.K.; Wise, J.A. Influence of ß-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007, 32, 225-233.
    • (2007) Amino Acids , vol.32 , pp. 225-233
    • Hill, C.A.1    Harris, R.C.2    Kim, H.J.3    Harris, B.D.4    Sale, C.5    Boobis, L.H.6    Kim, C.K.7    Wise, J.A.8
  • 51
    • 43149088053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with ß-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition
    • Kendrick, I.P.; Kim, H.J.; Harris, R.C.; Kim, C.K.; Dang, V.H.; Lam, T.Q.; Bui, T.T.; Smith, M.; Wise, J.A. The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with ß-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition. Amino Acids 2008, 34, 547-554.
    • (2008) Amino Acids , vol.34 , pp. 547-554
    • Kendrick, I.P.1    Kim, H.J.2    Harris, R.C.3    Kim, C.K.4    Dang, V.H.5    Lam, T.Q.6    Bui, T.T.7    Smith, M.8    Wise, J.A.9
  • 53
    • 84863989507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of combined ß-alanine and NaHCO3 supplementation on cycling performance
    • in press
    • Bellinger, P.M.; Howe, S.T.; Shing, C.M.; Fell, J.W. The effect of combined ß-alanine and NaHCO3 supplementation on cycling performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2012, in press.
    • (2012) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.
    • Bellinger, P.M.1    Howe, S.T.2    Shing, C.M.3    Fell, J.W.4
  • 54
    • 84859047402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance
    • doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-28. Available online, (accessed on 1 June 2012)
    • Spradley, B.D.; Crowley, K.R.; Tai, C.Y.; Kendall, K.L.; Fukuda, D.H.; Esposito, E.N.; Moon, S.E.; Moon, J.R. Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutr. Metab. 2012, 9, doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-28. Available online: http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/9/1/28 (accessed on 1 June 2012).
    • (2012) Nutr. Metab. , vol.9
    • Spradley, B.D.1    Crowley, K.R.2    Tai, C.Y.3    Kendall, K.L.4    Fukuda, D.H.5    Esposito, E.N.6    Moon, S.E.7    Moon, J.R.8
  • 55
    • 79960088814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ß-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in college wrestlers and football players
    • Kern, B.D.; Robinson, T.L. Effects of ß-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in college wrestlers and football players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2011, 25, 1804-1815.
    • (2011) J. Strength Cond. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 1804-1815
    • Kern, B.D.1    Robinson, T.L.2
  • 56
    • 77952303523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during treadmill running: Pre/post 2 treatment experimental design
    • doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-20. Available online, (accessed on 1 June 2012)
    • Jordan, T.; Lukaszuk, J.; Misic, M.; Umoren, J. Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during treadmill running: Pre/post 2 treatment experimental design. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2010, 7, doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-20. Available online: http://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/20 (accessed on 1 June 2012).
    • (2010) Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. , vol.7
    • Jordan, T.1    Lukaszuk, J.2    Misic, M.3    Umoren, J.4
  • 57
    • 84862772561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint performance during the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test
    • doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1268-0
    • Saunders, B.; Sale, C.; Harris, R.C.; Sunderland, C. Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on repeated sprint performance during the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test. Amino Acids 2012, doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1268-0.
    • (2012) Amino Acids
    • Saunders, B.1    Sale, C.2    Harris, R.C.3    Sunderland, C.4
  • 59
    • 76449086280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ß-Alanine supplementation reduces acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise
    • Baguet, A.; Koppo, K.; Pottier, A.; Derave, W. ß-Alanine supplementation reduces acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 108, 495-503.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.108 , pp. 495-503
    • Baguet, A.1    Koppo, K.2    Pottier, A.3    Derave, W.4
  • 60
    • 33845794521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical work capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold
    • Stout, J.R.; Cramer, J.T.; Mielke, M.; O'Kroy, J.; Torok, D.J.; Zoeller, R.F. Effects of twenty-eight days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the physical work capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2006, 20, 928-931.
    • (2006) J. Strength Cond. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 928-931
    • Stout, J.R.1    Cramer, J.T.2    Mielke, M.3    O'Kroy, J.4    Torok, D.J.5    Zoeller, R.F.6
  • 61
    • 79953847249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal responses to resistance exercise after ingestion of carnosine and anserine
    • Goto, K.; Maemura, H.; Takamatsu, K.; Ishii, N. Hormonal responses to resistance exercise after ingestion of carnosine and anserine. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2011, 25, 398-405.
    • (2011) J. Strength Cond. Res. , vol.25 , pp. 398-405
    • Goto, K.1    Maemura, H.2    Takamatsu, K.3    Ishii, N.4
  • 63
    • 34147124170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women
    • Stout, J.R.; Cramer, J.T.; Zoeller, R.F.; Torok, D.; Costa, P.; Hoffman, J.R.; Harris, R.C. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women. Amino Acids 2007, 32, 381-386.
    • (2007) Amino Acids , vol.32 , pp. 381-386
    • Stout, J.R.1    Cramer, J.T.2    Zoeller, R.F.3    Torok, D.4    Costa, P.5    Hoffman, J.R.6    Harris, R.C.7
  • 64
    • 0031047373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histidine-containing dipeptides as endogenous regulators of the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-release channels
    • Batrukova, M.A.; Rubtsov, A.M. Histidine-containing dipeptides as endogenous regulators of the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-release channels. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1997, 1324, 142-150.
    • (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1324 , pp. 142-150
    • Batrukova, M.A.1    Rubtsov, A.M.2
  • 65
    • 4444294996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carnosine on excitation-contraction coupling in mechanically-skinned rat skeletal muscle
    • Dutka, T.L.; Lamb, G.D. Effect of carnosine on excitation-contraction coupling in mechanically-skinned rat skeletal muscle. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 2004, 25, 203-213.
    • (2004) J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. , vol.25 , pp. 203-213
    • Dutka, T.L.1    Lamb, G.D.2
  • 66
    • 0023776655 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing dipeptides from skeletal muscles of vertebrates
    • Boldyrev, A.A.; Dupin, A.M.; Pindel, E.V.; Severin, S.E. Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing dipeptides from skeletal muscles of vertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 1988, 89, 245-250.
    • (1988) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.89 , pp. 245-250
    • Boldyrev, A.A.1    Dupin, A.M.2    Pindel, E.V.3    Severin, S.E.4
  • 67
    • 0033997412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasodilatory actions of the dietary peptide carnosine
    • Ririe, D.G.; Roberts, P.R.; Shouse, M.N.; Zaloga, G.P. Vasodilatory actions of the dietary peptide carnosine. Nutrition 2000, 16, 168-172.
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 168-172
    • Ririe, D.G.1    Roberts, P.R.2    Shouse, M.N.3    Zaloga, G.P.4
  • 68
    • 77955301593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without ß-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women
    • Walter, A.A.; Smith, A.E.; Kendall, K.L.; Stout, J.R.; Cramer, J.T. Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without ß-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 1199-1207.
    • (2010) J. Strength Cond. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1199-1207
    • Walter, A.A.1    Smith, A.E.2    Kendall, K.L.3    Stout, J.R.4    Cramer, J.T.5
  • 69
    • 0018115850 scopus 로고
    • Lactate kinetics after short strenuous exercise in man
    • Freund, H.; Gendry, P. Lactate kinetics after short strenuous exercise in man. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1978, 39, 123-135.
    • (1978) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.39 , pp. 123-135
    • Freund, H.1    Gendry, P.2
  • 72
    • 23044464158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults
    • Beneke, R.; Hütler, M.; Jung, M.; Leithäuser, R.M. Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 2005, 99, 499-504.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.99 , pp. 499-504
    • Beneke, R.1    Hütler, M.2    Jung, M.3    Leithäuser, R.M.4
  • 73
    • 38049001005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the lactate response to short-term all out exercise
    • doi:10.1186/1476-5918-6-10
    • Beneke, R.; Jumah, M.D.; Leithäuser, R.M. Modelling the lactate response to short-term all out exercise. Dyn. Med. 2007, 6, doi:10.1186/1476-5918-6-10.
    • (2007) Dyn. Med. , vol.6
    • Beneke, R.1    Jumah, M.D.2    Leithäuser, R.M.3
  • 74
    • 84913158804 scopus 로고
    • Effect of carnosine and anserine on action of isolated frog muscles
    • Severin, S.E.; Kirzon, M.V.; Kaftanova, T.M. Effect of carnosine and anserine on action of isolated frog muscles. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSR 1953, 91, 691-701.
    • (1953) Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSR , vol.91 , pp. 691-701
    • Severin, S.E.1    Kirzon, M.V.2    Kaftanova, T.M.3
  • 75
    • 34247368093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MrgD activation inhibits KCNQ/M-currents and contributes to enhanced neuronal excitability
    • Crozier, R.A.; Ajit, S.K.; Kaftan, E.J.; Pausch, M.H. MrgD activation inhibits KCNQ/M-currents and contributes to enhanced neuronal excitability. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27, 4492-4496.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 4492-4496
    • Crozier, R.A.1    Ajit, S.K.2    Kaftan, E.J.3    Pausch, M.H.4
  • 76
    • 84862756837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paraesthesia
    • doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1169-7
    • Decombaz, J.; Beaumont, M.; Vuichoud, J.; Bouisset, F.; Sterlingwerff, T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paraesthesia. Amino Acids 2011, doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1169-7.
    • (2011) Amino Acids
    • Decombaz, J.1    Beaumont, M.2    Vuichoud, J.3    Bouisset, F.4    Sterlingwerff, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.