The novel adenosine A2A antagonist prodrug MSX-4 is effective in animal models related to motivational and motor functions

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 477-487

  Santerre, Jessica L ^a   Nunes, Eric J ^a   Kovner, Rotem ^a   Leser, Chelsea E ^a   Randall, Patrick A ^a   Collins Praino, Lyndsey E ^a,d   Lopez Cruz, Laura ^b   Correa, Merce ^a,b   Baqi, Younis ^c   Müller, Christa E ^c   Salamone, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITAT JAUME I   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^d NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

C Fos; DARPP 32; Depression; Drug induced parkinsonism; Effort related choice behavior; Locomotion; Parkinson's disease; Tremulous jaw movements

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ETICLOPRIDE; GALANTAMINE; LEVO VALINE 3 [8 [2 (3 METHOXYPHENYL)ETHENYL] 7 METHYL 1 PROPARGYLXANTHINE 3 YL]PROPYLESTER; MSX 3; MSX 4; PHOSPHOPROTEIN DARPP 32; PHOSPHORIC ACID MONO[3 [8 [2 (3 METHOXYPHENYL)VINYL] 7 METHYL 2,6 DIOXO 1 PROP 2Y NYL 1,2,6,7 TETRAHYDROPURIN 3 YL] PROPYL] ESTER DISODIUM; PRODRUG; PROTEIN C FOS; THREONINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SELECTIVITY; FEEDING; JAW MOVEMENT; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MOTIVATION; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; OPEN FIELD TEST; PERIORAL TREMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RAT;

ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANIMALS; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MODELS, ANIMAL; MOTIVATION; PRODRUGS; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84864153282     PISSN: 00913057     EISSN: 18735177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.06.009     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. W. Bara-Jimenez, A. Sherzai, T. Dimitrova, A. Favit, F. Bibbiani, and M. Gillespie Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist treatment of Parkinson's disease Neurology 61 2003 293 296 (Pubitemid 36975954)
2. R.A. Barraco, K.A. Martens, M. Parizon, and H.J. Normile Adenosine A2a receptors in the nucleus accumbens mediate locomotor depression Brain Res Bull 31 1993 397 404 (Pubitemid 23110201)
3. 2A antagonist KW-6002 (istradefylline) on pimozide-induced oral tremor and striatal c-Fos expression: Comparisons with the muscarinic antagonist tropicamide Neuroscience 163 2009 97 108
4. R.J. Boegman, and S.R. Vincent Involvement of adenosine and glutamate receptors in the induction of c-fos in the striatum by haloperidol Synapse 22 1996 70 77
5. A. Bonito-Olivia, M. Feyder, and G. Fisone Deciphering the actions of antiparkinsonian and antipsychotic drugs on cAMP/DARPP-32 Signal Front Neuroanat 5 2011 38
6. B. Cagniard, P.D. Balsam, D. Brunner, and X. Zhuang Mice with chronically elevated dopamine exhibit enhanced motivation, but not learning, for a food reward Neuropsychopharmacology 31 2006 1362 1370
7. J.F. Chen, R. Moratalla, F. Impagnatiello, D.K. Grandy, B. Cuellar, and M. Rubinstein The role of the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) in A2a adenosine-receptor (A2aR) mediated behavioral and cellular responses as revealed by A2a and D2 receptor knockout mice Proc Natl Acad Sci 98 2001 1970 1975 (Pubitemid 32165607)
8. L.E. Collins, D.J. Galtieri, P. Collins, S.K. Jones, R.G. Port, and N.E. Paul Interactions between adenosine and dopamine receptor antagonists with different selectivity profiles: Effects on locomotor activity Behav Brain Res 211 2010 148 155
9. L.E. Collins, D.J. Galtieri, L.T. Brennum, T.N. Sager, J. Hockemeyer, and C.E. Müller Oral tremor induced by the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine is suppressed by the adenosine A2A antagonists MSX-3 and SCH58261, but not the adenosine A1 antagonist DPCPX Pharmacol Biochem Behav 94 2010 561 569
10. L.E. Collins, N.E. Paul, S.F. Abbas, C.E. Leser, S.J. Podurgiel, and D.J. Galtieri Oral tremor induced by galantamine in rats: a model of the parkinsonian side effects of cholinomimetics used to treat Alzheimer's disease Pharmacol Biochem Behav 99 2011 414 422
11. L.E. Collins, T.N. Sager, A.G. Sams, A. Pennarola, R.G. Port, and M. Shahriari The novel adenosine A2A antagonist Lu AA47070 reverses the motor and motivational effects produced by dopamine D2 receptor blockade Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100 2012 498 505
12. L.E. Collins-Praino, N.E. Paul, K.L. Rychalsky, J.R. Hinman, J.J. Chrobak, and P.B. Senatus Pharmacological and physiological characterization of the tremulous jaw movement model of parkinsonian tremor: Potential insights into the pathophysiology of tremor Front Syst Neurosci 5 2011 49
13. M. Correa, and L. Font Is there a major role for adenosine A2A receptors in anxiety? Front Biosci 13 2008 4058 4070 (Pubitemid 351599677)
14. M. Correa, A. Wisniecki, A. Betz, D.R. Dobson, M.F. O'Neill, and M.J. O'Neill The adenosine A2A antagonist KF17837 reverses the locomotor suppression and tremulous jaw movements induced by haloperidol in rats: Possible relevance to parkinsonism Behav Brain Res 148 2004 47 54 (Pubitemid 37543655)
15. M.S. Cousins, J.D. Sokolowski, and J.D. Salamone Different effects of nucleus accumbens and ventrolateral striatal dopamine depletions on instrumental response selection in the rat Pharmacol Biochem Behav 46 1993 943 951
16. M.S. Cousins, W. Wei, and J.D. Salamone Pharmacological characterization of performance on a concurrent lever pressing/feeding choice procedure: effects of dopamine antagonist, cholinomimetic, sedative and stimulant drugs Psychopharmacology 116 1994 529 537 (Pubitemid 24374258)
17. K. Demyttenaere, J. De Fruyt, and S.M. Stahl The many faces of fatigue in major depressive disorder Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8 2005 93 105 (Pubitemid 40388818)
18. M. El Yacoubi, J. Costentin, and J.M. Vaugeois Adenosine A2A receptors and depression Neurology 61 2003 S82 S87
19. A.M. Farrar, M. Pereira, F. Velasco, J. Hockemeyer, C.E. Müller, and J.D. Salamone Adenosine (2A) receptor antagonism reverses the effects of dopamine receptor antagonism on instrumental output and effort-related choice in the rat: implications for studies of psychomotor slowing Psychopharmacology 191 2007 579 586 (Pubitemid 46355890)
20. 2A and dopamine D2 receptors Neuroscience 166 2010 1056 1067
21. S. Ferré Adenosine-dopamine interactions in the ventral striatum. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia Psychopharmacology 133 1997 107 120 (Pubitemid 27404740)
22. S. Ferré, B.B. Fredholm, M. Morelli, P. Popoli, and K. Fuxe Adenosine-dopamine receptor-receptor interactions as an integrative mechanism in the basal ganglia Trends Neurosci 20 1997 482 487 (Pubitemid 27421712)
23. S. Ferré, P. Popoli, L. Gimenez-Llort, R. Rimondini, C.E. Müller, and I. Stromberg Adenosine/dopamine interaction: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease Parkinsonism Relat Disord 7 2001 235 241 (Pubitemid 32372505)
24. S. Ferré, F. Ciruela, M. Canals, D. Marcellino, J. Burgueno, and V. Casado Adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor heteromers. Targets for neuro-psychiatric disorders Parkinsonism Relat Disord 10 2004 265 271 (Pubitemid 38757806)
25. S. Ferré, C. Quiroz, A.S. Woods, R. Cunha, P. Popoli, and F. Ciruela An update on adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor interactions: implications for the function of G-protein coupled receptors Curr Pharm Des 14 2008 1468 1474 (Pubitemid 351997812)
26. H.C. Fibiger Neuroanatomical targets of neuroleptic drugs as revealed by Fos immunochemistry J Clin Psychiatry 55 1994 33 36 [Suppl. B] (Pubitemid 24353013)
27. J.S. Fink, D.R. Weaver, S.A. Rivkees, R.A. Peterfreund, A.E. Pollack, and E.M. Adler Molecular cloning of the rat A2 adenosine receptor: Selective co-expression with D2 dopamine receptors in rat striatum Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14 1992 186 195
28. L. Font, S. Mingote, A.M. Farrar, M. Pereira, L. Worden, and C. Stopper Intra- accumbens injections of the adenosine A2A agonist CGS 21680 affect effort-related choice behavior in rats Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199 2008 515 526
29. J.H. Friedman Fatigue in Parkinson's disease patients Curr Treat Options Neurol 11 2009 186 190
30. K. Fuxe, L.F. Agnati, K. Jacobsen, J. Hillion, M. Canals, and M. Torvinen Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: relevance for striatal function and Parkinson's disease Neurology 61 2003 S19 S23
31. K. Fuxe, S. Ferré, S. Genedani, R. Franco, and L.F. Agnati Adenosine receptor-dopamine receptor interactions in the basal ganglia and their relevance for brain function Physiol Behav 92 2007 210 217 (Pubitemid 47381380)
32. T.C. Hanff, S.J. Furst, and T.R. Minor Biochemical and anatomical substrates of depression and sickness behavior Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 47 2010 64 71
33. W. Hauber, P. Neuscheler, J. Nagel, and C.E. Müller Catalepsy induced by a blockade of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors was reversed by a concomitant blockade of adenosine A(2A) receptors in the caudate-putamen of rats Eur J Neurosci 14 2001 1287 1293 (Pubitemid 35463735)
34. B.D. Hettinger, A. Lee, J. Linden, and D.L. Rosin Ultrastructural localization of adenosine A2A receptors suggests multiple cellular sites for modulation of GABAergic neurons in rat striatum J Comp Neurol 431 2001 331 346 (Pubitemid 32115298)
35. J. Hillion, M. Canals, M. Torvinen, V. Casado, R. Scott, and A. Terasmaa Coaggregation, cointernalization, and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors J Biol Chem 277 2002 18091 18097 (Pubitemid 34967623)
36. J. Hockemeyer, J.C. Burbiel, and C.E. Müller Multigram-scale syntheses, stability, and photoreactions of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists with 8-styrylxanthine structure: Potential drugs for Parkinson's disease J Org Chem 69 2004 3308 3318 (Pubitemid 38621277)
37. R.A. Hodgson, R. Bertorelli, G.B. Varty, J.E. Lachowicz, A. Forlani, and S. Fredduzzi Characterization of the potent and highly selective A2A receptor antagonists preladenant and SCH 412348 [7-[2-[4-2,4- difluorophenyl]-1- piperazinyl]ethyl]-2-(2-furanyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- c]pyrimidin-5-amine] in rodent models of movement disorders and depression J Pharmacol Exp Ther 330 2009 294 303
38. 2A antagonist MSX-3 into the nucleus accumbens core attenuate the locomotor suppression induced by haloperidol in rats Behav Brain Res 178 2007 190 199 (Pubitemid 46341436)
39. A.E. Kelley, B.A. Baldo, W.E. Pratt, and M.J. Will Corticostriatal- hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: integration of energy, action and reward Physiol Behav 86 2005 773 795 (Pubitemid 41728993)
40. G. Keppel Design and analysis: a researchers handbook 1991 Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ
41. M. Koch, A. Schmid, and H.U. Schnitzler Role of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in instrumental and Pavlovian paradigms of conditioned reward Psychopharmacology 152 2000 67 73
42. P.A. LeWitt, M. Guttman, J.W. Tetrud, P.J. Tuite, A. Mori, and P. Chaikin 6002-US-005 Study Group. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline (KW-6002) reduces "off" time in Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial (6002-US-005) Ann Neurol 63 2008 295 302 (Pubitemid 351499859)
43. C. MacDougall, and B.J. Guglielmo Pharmacokinetics of valaciclovir J Antimicrob Chemother 53 2004 899 901 (Pubitemid 38807628)
44. R.S. Marin Apathy: concept, syndrome, neural mechanisms, and treatment Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1 1996 304 314
45. S. Mingote, L. Font, A.M. Farrar, R. Vontell, L.T. Worden, and C.M. Stopper Nucleus accumbens adenosine A2A receptors regulate exertion of effort by acting on the ventral striatopallidal pathway J Neurosci 28 2008 9037 9046
46. H. Miwa, J. Koh, Y. Kajimoto, and T. Kondo Effects of T-type calcium channel blockers on a parkinsonian tremor model in rats Pharmacol Biochem Behav 97 2011 656 659
47. 2A receptors as a basis for the treatment of Parkinson's disease Neurol Sci 22 2002 71 72
48. A.M. Mott, E.J. Nunes, L.E. Collins, R.G. Port, K.S. Sink, and J. Hockemeyer The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effects of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol on effort-related decision making in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure Psychopharmacology 204 2009 103 112
49. C.E. Müller Prodrug approaches for enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with low solubility Chem Biodivers 6 2009 2071 2083
50. K.L. Nowend, M. Arizzi, B.B. Carlson, and J.D. Salamone D1 or D2 antagonism in nucleus accumbens core or dorsomedial shell suppresses lever pressing for food but leads to compensatory increases in chow consumption Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69 2001 373 382 (Pubitemid 32758720)
51. E.J. Nunes, P.A. Randall, J.L. Santerre, A.B. Given, T.N. Sager, and M. Correa Differential effects of selective adenosine antagonists on the effort-related impairments induced by dopamine D1 and D2 antagonist Neuroscience 170 2010 268 280
52. M. Pardo, L. Lopez-Cruz, O. Valverde, C. Ledent, Y. Baqi, and C.E. Müller Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonism and genetic deletion attenuate the effects of dopamine D(2) antagonism on effort-based decision making in mice Neuropharmacology 62 2012 2068 2077
53. G. Paxinos, and C. Watson The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates 1997 Academic Press NY
54. M. Pereira, A.M. Farrar, J. Hockemeyer, C.E. Müller, J.D. Salamone, and J.I. Morrell Effect of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist MSX-3 on motivational disruptions of maternal behavior induced by dopamine antagonism in the early postpartum rat Psychopharmacology 213 2011 69 79
55. A. Pinna, J. Wardas, A. Cozzolino, and M. Morelli Involvement of adenosine A2A receptors in the induction of c-fos expression by clozapine and haloperidol Neuropsychopharmacology 20 1999 44 51 (Pubitemid 29010339)
56. A. Pinna Novel investigational adenosine A2A receptor antagonist for Parkinson's disease Expert Opin Investig Drugs 18 2009 1619 1631
57. A. Pinna, E. Tronci, N. Schintu, N. Simola, R. Volpini, and S. Pontis A new ethyladenine antagonist of adenosine A(2A) receptors: behavioral and biochemical characterization as an antiparkinsonian drug Neuropharmacology 58 2010 613 623
58. L. Prut, and C. Belzung The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review Eur J Pharmacol 463 2003 3 33 (Pubitemid 36205070)
59. P.A. Randall, E.J. Nunes, S.L. Janniere, C.M. Stopper, A.M. Farrar, and T.N. Sager Stimulant effects of adenosine antagonists on operant behavior: differential actions of selective A2A and A1 antagonists Psychopharmacology 216 2011 173 186
60. J. Rautio, H. Kampulainen, T. Heimbach, R. Oliyai, O. Dooman, and T. Jarvinen Prodrugs: Design and clinical applications Nat Rev 7 2008 255 270 (Pubitemid 351324639)
61. G.S. Robertson, and H.C. Fibiger Neuroleptics increase c-fos expression in the forebrain: contrasting effects of haloperidol and clozapine Neuroscience 46 1992 315 328
62. M. Rodriguez Diaz, P. Abdala, P. Barroso-Chinea, J. Obeso, and T. Gonzalez-Hernandez Motor behavioural changes after intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the rat: an animal model of Parkinson's disease Behav Brain Res 122 2001 79 92 (Pubitemid 32238177)
63. D.L. Rosin, A. Robeva, R.L. Woodard, P.G. Guyenet, and J. Linden Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine A2A receptors in the rat central nervous system J Comp Neurol 401 1998 163 186 (Pubitemid 28481960)
64. J.D. Salamone Preladenant, a novel adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist for the potential treatment of parkinsonism and other disorders IDrugs 13 2010 723 731
65. J.D. Salamone, and M. Correa Motivational views of reinforcement: implications for understanding the behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine Behav Brain Res 137 2002 3 25 (Pubitemid 35346426)
66. J.D. Salamone, and M. Correa Dopamine/adenosine interactions involved in effort-related aspects of food motivation Appetite 53 2009 422 425
67. J.D. Salamone, A.J. Mayorga, J.T. Trevitt, M.S. Cousins, A. Conlan, and A. Nawab Tremulous jaw movements in rats: a model of parkinsonian tremor Prog Neurobiol 56 1998 591 611 (Pubitemid 29012460)
68. J.D. Salamone, A. Wisniecki, B.B. Carlson, and M. Correa Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions make animals highly sensitive to high fixed ratio requirements but do not impair primary food reinforcement Neuroscience 105 2001 863 870 (Pubitemid 32786799)
69. J.D. Salamone, M.N. Arizzi, M.D. Sandoval, K.M. Cervone, and J.E. Aberman Dopamine antagonists alter response allocation but do not suppress appetite for food in rats: contrast between the effects of SKF 83566, raclopride, and fenfluramine on a concurrent choice task Psychopharmacology 160 2002 371 380
70. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, S.M. Mingote, and S.M. Weber Beyond the reward hypothesis: alternative functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine Curr Opin Pharmacol 5 2005 34 41 (Pubitemid 40124532)
71. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, S.M. Mingote, S.M. Weber, and A.M. Farrar Nucleus accumbens dopamine and the forebrain circuitry involved in behavioral activation and effort-related decision making: implications for understanding anergia and psychomotor slowing in depression Curr Psychiatry Rep 2 2006 267 280 (Pubitemid 44027882)
72. J.D. Salamone, R.E. Steinpreis, L.D. McCullough, P. Smith, D. Grebel, and K. Mahan Haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion suppress lever pressing for food but increase free food consumption in a novel food choice procedure Psychopharmacology 104 1991 515 521
73. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, A. Farrar, and S.M. Mingote Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits Psychopharmacology 191 2007 461 482 (Pubitemid 46355902)
74. J.D. Salamone, A.J. Betz, K. Ishiwari, J. Felsted, L. Madson, and B. Mirante Tremorolytic effects of adenosine A2A antagonists: Implications for parkinsonism Front Biosci 13 2008 3594 3605 (Pubitemid 351606098)
75. J.D. Salamone, A.M. Farrar, L. Font, V. Patel, D.E. Schlar, and E.J. Nunes Differential actions of adenosine A1 and A2A antagonists on the effort-related effects of dopamine D2 antagonism Behav Brain Res 201 2009 216 222
76. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, A.M. Farrar, E.J. Nunes, and M. Pardo Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort Front Behav Neurosci 3 2009 13
77. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, A.M. Farrar, E.J. Nunes, and L.E. Collins The role of dopamine-adenosine interactions in the brain circuitry regulating effort-related decision making: insights into pathological aspects of motivation Future Neurol 5 2010 377 392
78. J.D. Salamone, M. Correa, E.J. Nunes, P.A. Randall, and M. Pardo The behavioral pharmacology of effort-related choice behavior: dopamine, adenosine and beyond J Exp Anal Behav 97 2012 125 146
79. K.N. Segovia, M. Correa, J. Lennington, J. Connover, and J.D. Salamone Changes in nucleus accumbens and neostriatal c-Fos and DARPP-32 immunoreactivity during different stages of food-reinforced instrumental training Eur J Neurosci 35 2012 1354 1367
80. N. Simola, S. Fenu, P.G. Baraldi, M.A. Tabrizi, and M. Morelli Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors antagonizes parkinsonian tremor in the rat tacrine model by an action on specific striatal regions Exp Neurol 189 2004 182 188 (Pubitemid 39024467)
81. N. Simola, S. Fenu, P.G. Baraldi, M.A. Tabrizi, and M. Morelli Dopamine and adenosine receptor interaction as basis for the treatment of Parkinson's disease J Neurol Sci 248 2006 48 52 (Pubitemid 44647312)
82. K.S. Sink, V.K. Vemuri, T. Olszewska, A. Makriyannis, and J.D. Salamone Cannabinoid CB1 antagonists and dopamine antagonists produce different effects on a task involving response allocation and effort-related choice in food-seeking behavior Psychopharmacology 196 2008 565 574
83. J.D. Sokolowski, and J.D. Salamone The role of accumbens dopamine in lever pressing and response allocation: Effects of 6-OHDA injected into core and dorsomedial shell Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59 1998 557 566 (Pubitemid 28144195)
84. I. Stromberg, P. Popoli, C.E. Muller, S. Ferre, and K. Fuxe Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence for an antagonistic modulatory role of adenosine A2A receptors in dopamine D2 receptor regulation in dopamine-denervated striatum Eur J Neurosci 12 2000 4033 4037
85. M.T. Treadway, and D.H. Zald Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35 2011 537 555
86. J. Trevitt, C. Vallance, A. Harris, and T. Goode Adenosine antagonists reverse the cataleptic effects of haloperidol: Implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease Pharmacol Biochem Behav 92 2009 521 527
87. E. Tronci, N. Simola, F. Borsini, N. Schintu, L. Frau, and P. Carminati Characterization of the antiparkinsonian effects of the new adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ST1535: acute and subchronic studies in rats Eur J Pharmacol 566 2007 94 102 (Pubitemid 46782796)
88. K. Vollmann, R. Qurishi, J. Hockemeyer, and C.E. Müller Synthesis and properties of a new water soluble prodrug of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist MSX-2 Molecules 13 2008 348 359
89. W. Wan, D.J. Ennulat, and B.M. Cohen Acute administration of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs induces distinctive patterns of Fos expression in the rat forebrain Brain Res 688 1995 95 104
90. W.F. Wang, K. Ishiwata, H. Nonaka, S. Ishii, M. Kiyosawa, and J. Shimada Carbon-11-labeled KF21213: a highly selective ligand for mapping CNS adenosine A(2A) receptors with positron emission tomography Nucl Med Biol 27 2000 541 546
91. J. Wardas, J. Konieczny, and E. Lorenc-Koci SCH 58261, an A(2A) adenosine receptor antagonist, counteracts parkinsonian-like muscle rigidity in rats Synapse 41 2001 160 171
92. L.T. Worden, M. Shahriari, A.M. Farrar, K.S. Sink, J. Hockemeyer, and C.E. Muller The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effort-related effects of dopamine blockade: Differential interaction with D1 and D2 family antagonists Psychopharmacology 203 2009 489 499