Examining the incremental contribution of behavioral inhibition to generalized anxiety disorder relative to other Axis I disorders and cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 689-695

  Maack, Danielle J ^a   Tull, Matthew T ^b   Gratz, Kim L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety sensitivity; Emotion regulation; Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Major depression; Reinforcement sensitivity theory

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DSM-IV; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; FEMALE; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; PREDICTION; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF REPORT;

ADULT; AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; ANXIETY DISORDERS; COGNITION; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; RESILIENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL; RISK FACTORS; SELF EFFICACY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863858312     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: 18737897     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC.
2. Antony M.M. Measures for panic disorder and agoraphobia. Practitioner's guide to empirically based measures of anxiety 2001, 95-125. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands. M.M. Anthony, S.M. Orsillo, L. Roemer (Eds.).
3. Beevers C.G., Meyer B. Lack of positive experiences and positive expectancies mediate the relationship between BAS responsiveness and depression. Cognition and Emotion 2002, 16:549-564.
4. Behar E., DiMarco I.D., Hekler E.B., Mohlman J., Staples A.M. Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): conceptual review and treatment implications. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2009, 23:1011-1023.
5. Bijttebier P., Beck I., Claes L., Vandereycken W. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality-psychopathology associations. Clinical Psychology Review 2009, 29:421-430.
6. Borkovec T.D., Alcaine O.M., Behar E. Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder: advances in research and practice 2004, 77-108. Guilford Press, New York, NY. R.G. Heimberg, C.L. Turk, D.S. Mennin (Eds.).
7. Borkovec T.D., Hu S. The effect of worry on cardiovascular response to phobicimagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1990, 28:69-73.
8. Borkovec T.D., Roemer L. Perceived functions of worry among generalized anxiety disorder subjects: distraction from more emotionally distressing topics?. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1995, 26:25-30.
9. Brown T.A., Barlow D.H., Liebowitz M.R. The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1994, 151:1272-1280.
10. Campbell-Sills L., Liverant G., Brown T. Psychometric evaluation of the behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scales in a large sample of outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Psychological Assessment 2004, 16(3):24-254.
11. Carver C.S., White T. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67(2):319-333.
12. Coplan R.J., Arbeau K.A. The stresses of a " brave new world:" shyness and school adjustment in kindergarten. Journal of Research in Childhood Education 2008, 22:377-389.
13. Corr P.J. Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2004, 28:3147-3332.
14. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality 2008, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. P.J. Corr (Ed.).
15. Cox B.J., Borger S.C., Enns M.W. Anxiety sensitivity and emotional disorders: psychometric studies and their theoretical implications. Anxiety sensitivity: theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety 1999, 115-148. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ. S. Taylor (Ed.).
16. Cox B.J., Fuentes K., Borger S.C., Taylor S. Psychopathology correlates of anxiety sensitivity: evidence from clinical interviews and self-report measures. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2001, 15:317-332.
17. Cox B.J., Taylor S., Enns M.W. Fear of cognitive dyscontrol in relation to depression symptoms: comparisons between original and alternative measures of anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1999, 30:301-311.
18. Deacon B., Abromowitz J. Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across the anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2006, 20:837-857.
19. Dugas M.J. Generalized anxiety disorder publications: so where do we stand?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2000, 14:31-40.
20. Ehring T., Tuschen-Caffier B., Schnülle J., Fischer S., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion 2010, 10:563-572.
21. First M.B., Spitzer R.L., Gibbon M., Williams J.B.W. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV) 1996, American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC.
22. Fisher P.L. The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder?. Worry and its psychological disorders: theory, assessment and treatment 2006, 359-377. Wiley Publishing, Hoboken, NJ. G.C.L. Davey, D. Wells (Eds.).
23. Floyd M., Garfield A., LaSota M.T. Anxiety sensitivity and worry. Personality and Individual Differences 2005, 38:1223-1229.
24. Fullana M.A., Mataix-Cols D., Caseras X., Alonso P., Menchón J.M., Vallejo J., et al. High sensitivity to punishment and low impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive patients with hoarding symptoms. Psychiatry Research 2004, 129:21-27.
25. Gratz K.L., Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2004, 26:41-54.
26. Gratz K.L., Tull M.T. Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance and mindfulness-based treatments. Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: illuminating the process of change 2010, 105-133. New Harbinger Publications, Oakland, CA. R. Baer (Ed.).
27. Gray J.A., McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety 2000, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
28. Hundt N.E., Mitchell J.T., Kimbrel N.A., Nelson-Gray R.O. The effect of behavioral inhibition and approach on normal social functioning. Individual Differences Research 2010, 8:246-256.
29. Johnson S., Turner R., Iwata N. BIS/BAS levels and psychiatric disorder: an epidemiological study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2003, 25(1):25-36.
30. Jorm A.F., Medway J., Christensen H., Korten A.E., Jacomb P.A., Rodgers B. Public beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions for depression: effects on the actions taken when experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1998, 32:619-626.
31. Kessler R.C., Andrade L.H., Bijl R.V., Offord D.R., Demler O.V., Stein D.J. The effects of co-morbidity on the onset and persistence of generalized anxiety disorder in the ICPE surveys. Psychological Medicine 2002, 32:1213-1225.
32. Kessler R.C., Chiu W.T., Demler O., Merikangas K., Walters E.E. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12 month DSM-IV in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62:617-627.
33. Kessler R.C., Gruber M., Hettema, Hwang I., Sampson N., Yonkers K.A. Comorbid major depression and generalized anxiety disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey follow-up. Psychological Medicine 2008, 38:365-374.
34. Kimbrel N.A. A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review 2008, 28:592-612.
35. Kimbrel N.A., Mitchell J.T., Nelson-Gray R.O. An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2010, 24:372-378.
36. Kotov R., Watson D., Robles J.P., Schmidt N.B. Personality traits and anxiety symptoms: the multilevel trait predictor model. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007, 45:1485-1503.
37. Kraemer H.C., Stice E., Kazdin A., Offord D., Kupfer D. How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 158:848-856.
38. Krueger R.F., Bezdjian S. Enhancing research and treatment of mental disorders with dimensional concepts: toward DSM-V and ICD-11. World Psychiatry 2009, 8:3-6.
39. Liverant G.I., Brown T.A., Barlow D.H., Roemer L. Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: the effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2008, 46:1201-1209.
40. Maack, D. J., Ebesutani, C., & Young, J. A re-examination of the BIS/BAS scales: evidence for BIS and BAS as unidimensional scales, under review.
41. Maack, D. J., Tull, M. T., & Gratz, K. L. Experiential avoidance mediates the association between behavioral inhibition and posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, in press.
42. Mennin D.S. Emotion regulation therapy: an integrative approach to treatment resistant anxiety disorders. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 2006, 36:95-105.
43. Mennin D.S., Heimberg R.G., Turk C.L., Fresco D.M. Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2005, 43:1281-1310.
44. Mennin D.S., McLaughlin K.A., Flanagan T.J. Emotion regulation deficits in generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and their co-occurrence. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2009, 23:866-871.
45. Mitchell J.T., Kimbrel N.A., Hundt N.E., Cobb A.R., Nelson-Gray R.O., Lootens C.M. An analysis of reinforcement sensitivity theory and the five-factor model. European Journal of Personality 2007, 21:869-887.
46. Reiss S. Expectancy model of fear, anxiety, and panic. Clinical Psychology Review 1991, 11:141-153.
47. Reiss S., Peterson R.A., Gursky D.M., McNally R.J. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the predictions of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1986, 24:1-8.
48. Roemer L., Orsillo S.M., Barlow D.H. Generalized anxiety disorder. Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic 2002, 477-515. Guilford Press, New York, NY. D.H. Barlow (Ed.).
49. Roemer L., Orsillo S.M., Salters-Pedneault K. Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2008, 76:1083-1089.
50. Roemer L., Salters K., Raffa S.D., Orsillo S.M. Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2005, 29:71-88.
51. Salters-Pedneault K., Roemer L., Tull M.T., Rucker L., Mennin D.S. Evidence of broad deficits in emotion regulation associated with chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2006, 30:469-480.
52. Salters-Pedneault K., Suvak M., Roemer L. An experimental investigation of the effect of worry on responses to a discrimination learning task. Behavior Therapy 2008, 39:251-261.
53. Schmidt N.B., Lerew D.R., Jackson R.J. The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1997, 106:355-364.
54. Schmidt N.B., Lerew D.R., Joiner T.E. Anxiety sensitivity and the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression: evidence for symptom specificity. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1998, 36:165-177.
55. Schwartz S., Susser E. The use of well controls: an unhealthy practice in psychiatric research. Psychological Medicine 2011, 41:1127-1131.
56. Segarra P., Ross S.R., Pastor M.C., Montañés S., Poy R., Moltó J. MMPI-2 predictors of Gray's two-factor reinforcement sensitivity theory. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:437-448.
57. Smillie L.D., Pickering A.D., Jackson C.J. The new reinforcement sensitivity theory: implications for personality measurement. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2006, 10:320-335.
58. Soenke M., Hahn K.S., Tull M.T., Gratz K.L. Exploring the relationship between childhood abuse and analogue generalized anxiety disorder: the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2010, 34:401-412.
59. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics 1996, HarperCollins College Publishers, New York, NY. 3rd ed.
60. Taylor S., Fedoroff I.C. The expectancy theory of fear, anxiety, and panic: a conceptual and empirical analysis. Anxiety sensitivity: theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety 1999, 17-33. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ. S. Taylor (Ed.).
61. Taylor S., Koch W.J., McNally R.J. How does anxiety sensitivity vary across the anxiety disorders?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1992, 6:249-259.
62. Taylor S., Koch W.J., Woody S., McLean P. Anxiety sensitivity and depression: how are they related?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1996, 105:474-479.
63. Turk C.L., Heimberg R.G., Luterek J.A., Mennin D.S., Fresco D.M. Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2005, 29:89-106.
64. Tull M.T. Extending an anxiety sensitivity model of uncued panic attack frequency and symptom severity: the role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy & Research 2006, 30:177-184.
65. Tull M.T., Gratz K.L., Lacroce D.M. The role of anxiety sensitivity and lack of emotional approach coping in depressive symptom severity among a nonclinical sample of uncued panickers. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2006, 35:74-87.
66. Tull M.T., Gratz K.L., Latzman R.D., Kimbrel N.A., Lejuez C.W. Reinforcement sensitivity theory and emotion regulation difficulties: a multimodal investigation. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 49:989-994.
67. Tull M.T., Maack D.J., Viana A.G., Gratz K.L. Behavioral inhibition and attentional network functioning. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2012, 41:1-4.
68. Tull M.T., Stipelman B.A., Salters-Pedneault K., Gratz K.L. An examination of recent non-clinical panic attacks, panic disorder, anxiety sensitivity, and emotion regulation difficulties in the prediction of generalized anxiety disorder in an analogue sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2009, 23:275-282.
69. Wells A., Papageorgiou C. Worry and the incubation of intrusive images following stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1995, 33:579-583.
70. Zinbarg R.E., Barlow D.H., Brown T.A. Hierarchical structure and general factor saturation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index: evidence and implications. Psychological Assessment 1997, 9:277-284.
71. Zvolensky M.J., Feldner M.T., Eifert G.H., Stewart S.H. Evaluating differential predictions of emotional reactivity during repeated 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge. Cognition and Emotion 2001, 15:767-786.
72. Zvolensky M.J., Leyro T.M., Bernstein A., Vujanovic A.A. Historical perspectives, theory, and measurement of distress tolerance. Distress tolerance: theory, research, and clinical applications 2011, 3-27. Guilford Press, New York, NY. M.J. Zvolensky, A. Bernstein, A.A. Vujanovic (Eds.).