Calcium and bone

Clinical Biochemistry

Volumn 45, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 936-942

  Zhu, Kun ^a,b   Prince, Richard L ^a,b  

^a SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Bone mineral density; Calcium intake; Calcium supplementation; Children; Fracture; Older people; Peak bone mass

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; CALCIUM ION; LACTOSE; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PLACEBO; VITAMIN D;

ACHLORHYDRIA; ADULTHOOD; ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; BONE; BONE DENSITY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE GROWTH; BONE MASS; BONE MINERAL; BONE MINERALIZATION; CALCIUM ABSORPTION; CALCIUM BONE LEVEL; CALCIUM INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHILDHOOD; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; HEART INFARCTION; HIGH FIBER DIET; HIP FRACTURE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; INTESTINE ABSORPTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MONOTHERAPY; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; RACE DIFFERENCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SENESCENCE; SEX DIFFERENCE; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

AGING; BONE AND BONES; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC; CALCIUM; DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FRACTURES, BONE; HUMANS; OSTEOPOROSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84863857676     PISSN: 00099120     EISSN: 18732933     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.006     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Baxter-Jones A.D., Faulkner R.A., Forwood M.R., Mirwald R.L., Bailey D.A. Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: an estimation of peak bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 2011, 26:1729-1739.
2. Vatanparast H., Baxter-Jones A., Faulkner R.A., Bailey D.A., Whiting S.J. Positive effects of vegetable and fruit consumption and calcium intake on bone mineral accrual in boys during growth from childhood to adolescence: the University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 82:700-706.
3. Zhu K., Greenfield H., Zhang Q., Du X., Ma G., Foo L.H., et al. Growth and bone mineral accretion during puberty in Chinese girls: a five-year longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 2008, 23:167-172.
4. Kalkwarf H.J., Khoury J.C., Lanphear B.P. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77:257-265.
5. Goulding A., Rockell J.E., Black R.E., Grant A.M., Jones I.E., Williams S.M. Children who avoid drinking cow's milk are at increased risk for prepubertal bone fractures. J Am Diet Assoc 2004, 104:250-253.
6. Johnston C.C., Miller J.Z., Slemenda C.W., Reister T.K., Hui S., Christian J.C., et al. Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:82-87.
7. Cadogan J., Eastell R., Jones N., Barker M.E. Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial. BMJ 1997, 315:1255-1260.
8. Du X., Zhu K., Trube A., Zhang Q., Ma G., Hu X., et al. School-milk intervention trial enhances growth and bone mineral accretion in Chinese girls aged 10-12 years in Beijing. Br J Nutr 2004, 92:159-168.
9. Lee W.T., Leung S.S., Wang S.H., Xu Y.C., Zeng W.P., Lau J., et al. Double-blind, controlled calcium supplementation and bone mineral accretion in children accustomed to a low-calcium diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 60:744-750.
10. Dibba B., Prentice A., Ceesay M., Stirling D.M., Cole T.J., Poskitt E.M. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:544-549.
11. Bonjour J.P., Carrie A.L., Ferrari S., Clavien H., Slosman D., Theintz G., et al. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Invest 1997, 99:1287-1294.
12. Rozen G.S., Rennert G., Dodiuk-Gad R.P., Rennert H.S., Ish-Shalom N., Diab G., et al. Calcium supplementation provides an extended window of opportunity for bone mass accretion after menarche. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78:993-998.
13. Winzenberg T., Shaw K., Fryer J., Jones G. Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2006, 333:775.
14. Huncharek M., Muscat J., Kupelnick B. Impact of dairy products and dietary calcium on bone-mineral content in children: results of a meta-analysis. Bone 2008, 43:312-321.
15. Bonjour J.P., Chevalley T., Ammann P., Slosman D., Rizzoli R. Gain in bone mineral mass in prepubertal girls 3.5 years after discontinuation of calcium supplementation: a follow-up study. Lancet 2001, 358:1208-1212.
16. Dibba B., Prentice A., Ceesay M., Mendy M., Darboe S., Stirling D.M., et al. Bone mineral contents and plasma osteocalcin concentrations of Gambian children 12 and 24 mo after the withdrawal of a calcium supplement. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76:681-686.
17. Dodiuk-Gad R.P., Rozen G.S., Rennert G., Rennert H.S., Ish-Shalom S. Sustained effect of short-term calcium supplementation on bone mass in adolescent girls with low calcium intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:168-174.
18. Zhu K., Zhang Q., Foo L.H., Trube A., Ma G., Hu X., et al. Growth, bone mass, and vitamin D status of Chinese adolescent girls 3 y after withdrawal of milk supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:714-721.
19. Lee W.T., Leung S.S., Leung D.M., Wang S.H., Xu Y.C., Zeng W.P., et al. Bone mineral acquisition in low calcium intake children following the withdrawal of calcium supplement. Acta Paediatr 1997, 86:570-576.
20. Slemenda C.W., Peacock M., Hui S., Zhou L., Johnston C.C. Reduced rates of skeletal remodeling are associated with increased bone mineral density during the development of peak skeletal mass. J Bone Miner Res 1997, 12:676-682.
21. Matkovic V., Goel P.K., Badenhop-Stevens N.E., Landoll J.D., Li B., Ilich J.Z., et al. Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in females from childhood to young adulthood: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:175-188.
22. Braun M., Palacios C., Wigertz K., Jackman L.A., Bryant R.J., McCabe L.D., et al. Racial differences in skeletal calcium retention in adolescent girls with varied controlled calcium intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:1657-1663.
23. Bailey D.A., Martin A.D., McKay H.A., Whiting S., Mirwald R. Calcium accretion in girls and boys during puberty: a longitudinal analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:2245-2250.
24. Yin J., Zhang Q., Liu A., Du W., Wang X., Hu X., et al. Factors affecting calcium balance in Chinese adolescents. Bone 2010, 46:162-166.
25. Jackman L.A., Millane S.S., Martin B.R., Wood O.B., McCabe G.P., Peacock M., et al. Calcium retention in relation to calcium intake and postmenarcheal age in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66:327-333.
26. Braun M., Martin B.R., Kern M., McCabe G.P., Peacock M., Jiang Z., et al. Calcium retention in adolescent boys on a range of controlled calcium intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 84:414-418.
27. Wu L., Martin B.R., Braun M.M., Wastney M.E., McCabe G.P., McCabe L.D., et al. Calcium requirements and metabolism in Chinese-American boys and girls. J Bone Miner Res 2010, 25:1842-1849.
28. Ito S., Ishida H., Uenishi K., Murakami K., Sasaki S. The relationship between habitual dietary phosphorus and calcium intake, and bone mineral density in young Japanese women: a cross-sectional study. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2011, 20:411-417.
29. Nieves J.W., Melsop K., Curtis M., Kelsey J.L., Bachrach L.K., Greendale G., et al. Nutritional factors that influence change in bone density and stress fracture risk among young female cross-country runners. PM R 2010, 2:740-750. [quiz 794].
30. Nordin B.E., Need A.G., Steurer T., Morris H.A., Chatterton B.E., Horowitz M. Nutrition, osteoporosis, and aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998, 854:336-351.
31. Prince R.L., Dick I., Garcia-Webb P., Retallack R.W. The effects of the menopause on calcitriol and parathyroid hormone: Responses to a low dietary calcium stress test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990, 70:1119-1123.
32. Prince R.L., Schiff I., Neer R.M. Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement on parathyroid hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990, 71:1284-1287.
33. Dick I.M., Prince R.L. Transdermal estrogen replacement does not increase calcitonin secretory reserve in postmenopausal women. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991, 125:241-245.
34. Prince R.L., MacLaughlin D.T., Gaz R.D., Neer R.M. Lack of evidence for estrogen receptors in human and bovine parathyroid tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991, 72:1226-1228.
35. Prince R.L. Counterpoint: estrogen effects on calcitropic hormones and calcium homeostasis. Endocr Rev 1994, 15:301-309.
36. Prince R., Devine A., Dick I., Criddle A., Kerr D., Kent N., et al. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:1068-1075.
37. Prince R.L., Dick I., Devine A., Price R.I., Gutteridge D.H., Kerr D., et al. The effects of menopause and age on calcitropic hormones: a cross-sectional study of 655 healthy women aged 35 to 90. J Bone Miner Res 1995, 10:835-842.
38. Dawson-Hughes B., Harris S.S., Krall E.A., Dallal G.E. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:670-676.
39. Chevalley T., Rizzoli R., Nydegger V., Slosman D., Rapin C.-H., Michel J.-P., et al. Effects of calcium supplements on femoral bone mineral density and vertebral fracture rate in vitamin-D-replete elderly patients. Osteoporosis Int 1994, 4:245-252.
40. Shea B., Wells G., Cranney A., Zytaruk N., Robinson V., Griffith L., et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VII. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2002, 23:552-559.
41. Riggs B.L., O'Fallon W.M., Muhs J., O'Connor M.K., Kumar R., Melton J. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1998, 13:168-174.
42. Tang B.M., Eslick G.D., Nowson C., Smith C., Bensoussan A. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2007, 370:657-666.
43. Reid I.R., Ames R., Mason B., Reid H.E., Bacon C.J., Bolland M.J., et al. Randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in healthy, nonosteoporotic, older men. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2276-2282.
44. Zhu K., Devine A., Dick I.M., Wilson S.G., Prince R.L. Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on hip bone mineral density and calcium-related analytes in elderly ambulatory Australian women: a five-year randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93:743-749.
45. Prince R.L., Devine A., Dhaliwal S.S., Dick I.M. Effects of calcium supplementation on clinical fracture and bone structure: results of a 5-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in elderly women. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:869-875.
46. Chapuy M.C., Arlot M.F., Duboeuf F., Brun J., Crouzet B., Arnaud S., et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:1637-1642.
47. Jackson R.D., LaCroix A.Z., Gass M., Wallace R.B., Robbins J., Lewis C.E., et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:669-683.
48. Grant A.M., Avenell A., Campbell M.K., McDonald A.M., MacLennan G.S., McPherson G.C., et al. Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005, 365:1621-1628.
49. Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Dawson-Hughes B., Baron J.A., Burckhardt P., Li R., Spiegelman D., et al. Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 86:1780-1790.
50. Reid I.R., Bolland M.J., Grey A. Effect of calcium supplementation on hip fractures. Osteoporos Int 2008, 19:1119-1123.
51. Chapuy M.C., Pamphile R., Paris E., Kempf C., Schlichting M., Arnaud S., et al. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk: the Decalyos II study. Osteoporos Int 2002, 13:257-264.
52. Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D 2010, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
53. National health and medical research council (Australia), new zealand, Ministry of Health., Australia, Dept.of Health and Ageing Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand : including recommended dietary intakes 2006, National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra, A.C.T.
54. Chinese Nutrition Society Chinese DRIs 2000, Chinese Light Industry Publishing House, Beijing.
55. Ervin R., Wang C.Y., Wright J.D., Kennedy-Stephenson J. Dietary intake of selected minerals for the United States population: 1999-2000 2004, Advance data from Vital and Health Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
56. Affenito S.G., Thompson D.R., Franko D.L., Striegel-Moore R.H., Daniels S.R., Barton B.A., et al. Longitudinal assessment of micronutrient intake among African-American and white girls: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007, 107:1113-1123.
57. Zhai F., Yang X., Ge K. Report of Chinese National Survey of Nutrition and Health in 2002, Dietary Intake 2006, People's Health Press, Beijing.
58. Zhu K., Devine A., Suleska A., Tan C.Y., Toh C.Z., Kerr D., et al. Adequacy and change in nutrient and food intakes with aging in a seven-year cohort study in elderly women. J Nutr Health Aging 2010, 14:723-729.
59. Gueguen L., Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000, 19:119S-136S.
60. Cochet B., Jung A., Griessen M., Bartholdi P., Schaller P., Donath A. Effects of lactose on intestinal calcium absorption in normal and lactase-deficient subjects. Gastroenterology 1983, 84:935-940.
61. Sheikh M.S., Schiller L.R., Fordtran J.S. In vivo intestinal absorption of calcium in humans. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1990, 16:130-146.
62. Jackson K.A., Savaiano D.A. Lactose maldigestion, calcium intake and osteoporosis in African-, Asian-, and Hispanic-Americans. J Am Coll Nutr 2001, 20:198S-207S.
63. Honkanen R., Kroger H., Alhava E., Turpeinen P., Tuppurainen M., Saarikoski S. Lactose intolerance associated with fractures of weight-bearing bones in Finnish women aged 38-57 years. Bone 1997, 21:473-477.
64. Wisker E., Nagel R., Tanudjaja T.K., Feldheim W. Calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron balances in young women: effects of a low-phytate barley-fiber concentrate. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 54:553-559.
65. Knox T.A., Kassarjian Z., Dawson-Hughes B., Golner B.B., Dallal G.E., Arora S., et al. Calcium absorption in elderly subjects on high- and low-fiber diets: effect of gastric acidity. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 53:1480-1486.
66. Barzel U.S., Massey L.K. Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone. J Nutr 1998, 128:1051-1053.
67. Kerstetter J.E., O'Brien K.O., Insogna K.L. Dietary protein, calcium metabolism, and skeletal homeostasis revisited. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78:584S-592S.
68. Schurch M.A., Rizzoli R., Slosman D., Vadas L., Vergnaud P., Bonjour J.P. Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128:801-809.
69. Heaney R.P., McCarron D.A., Dawson-Hughes B., Oparil S., Berga S.L., Stern J.S., et al. Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 1999, 99:1228-1233.
70. Zhu K., Meng X., Kerr D.A., Devine A., Solah V., Binns C.W., et al. The effects of a two-year randomized, controlled trial of whey protein supplementation on bone structure, IGF-1, and urinary calcium excretion in older postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2011, 26:2298-2306.
71. Recker R.R. Calcium absorption and achlorhydria. N Engl J Med 1985, 313:70-73.
72. Devine A., Dick I.M., Heal S.J., Criddle R.A., Prince R.L. A 4-year follow-up study of the effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in elderly postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int 1997, 7:23-28.
73. Rizzoli R., Boonen S., Brandi M.L., Burlet N., Delmas P., Reginster J.Y. The role of calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis. Bone 2008, 42:246-249.
74. Harvey J.A., Zobitz M.M., Pak C.Y. Dose dependency of calcium absorption: a comparison of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. J Bone Miner Res 1988, 3:253-258.
75. Thomas S.D., Need A.G., Tucker G., Slobodian P., O'Loughlin P.D., Nordin B.E. Suppression of parathyroid hormone and bone resorption by calcium carbonate and calcium citrate in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2008, 83:81-84.
76. Bolland M.J., Barber P.A., Doughty R.N., Mason B., Horne A., Ames R., et al. Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008, 336:262-266.
77. Bolland M.J., Avenell A., Baron J.A., Grey A., MacLennan G.S., Gamble G.D., et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010, 341:c3691.
78. Bolland M.J., Grey A., Avenell A., Gamble G.D., Reid I.R. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011, 342:d2040.
79. Lewis J., Zhu K., Prince R. Adverse events from calcium supplementation: relationship to errors in myocardial infarction self-reporting in randomized controlled trials of calcium supplementation. J Bone Miner Res 2012, 27:719-722.
80. Lewis J.R., Calver J., Zhu K., Flicker L., Prince R.L. Calcium supplementation and the risks of atherosclerotic vascular disease in older women: results of a 5-year RCT and a 4.5-year follow-up. J Bone Miner Res 2011, 26:35-41.